Is renewable energy good for climate change and why are renewable energy sources important for Earth's future?

Yes, I think that renewable energy sources play a crucial role in addressing climate change by minimizing carbon emissions and providing a sustainable energy solution for Earth's future.

Dr Peter Donkor thank you for your contribution to the discussion

Transitioning to renewable energy, and reducing reliance on fossil fuels, is one way to help slow down the effects of climate change. While renewable used to be a more expensive option, new clean energy technologies are lowering costs and helping to move economies away from fossil fuels. That's because renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind, don't emit carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming. Renewable means that the energy won't run out and includes solar, hydro and wind energy. Renewable energy sources are incredibly important because they don't emit the greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming and climate change. We should use energy efficiency technologies use greening transportation means more efficient mass transportation systems, promote the use of renewable means natural source of energy and reduces our use of fossil fuels especially carbon-intensive coals to reduce climate. The most important advantage of renewable energy is that it puts an end to the production of greenhouse gases, most notably CO2 that causes global heating. Renewable energy generation sources emit little to no greenhouse gases or pollutants into the air. Renewable energy sources are much cleaner than fossil fuels and, in some cases, like solar and wind power; they are totally clean sources of energy. By relying on clean, renewable sources of energy, such as solar and wind power, we can reduce our dependence on fossil fuels and decrease the amount of harmful pollutants like carbon dioxide that are emitted into the atmosphere. Some resources will practically never run out. These are known as renewable resources. Renewable resources also produce clean energy, meaning less pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, which contribute to climate change. They differ from fossil fuels principally in their diversity, abundance and potential for use anywhere on the planet, but above all in that they produce neither greenhouse gases which cause climate change nor polluting emissions. Generating energy that produces no greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels and reduces some types of air pollution. Diversifying energy supply and reducing dependence on imported fuels. Creating economic development and jobs in manufacturing, installation, and more. First of all, it is never going to end, we can use them for a long time and various purposes. Also, they generate energy in a large amount and efficiently. The most important benefit of renewable energy is that it is eco-friendly and don't contribute to environmental pollution.

renewable sources are no doubt are the best methods for environment sustainability as they do not emit any toxic gases or chemicals into the environment. they make the globe greener than the other types of sources. Renewable energy sources like solar, Wind turbines, OTEC, Biomass conversion, Anaerobic digestion, tidal and wave energy make the world sufficient for its energy generation. in fact the Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion itself can alone generate the energy required for the global needs. burning of fossil fuels leading to release of oxides and dioxides of sulphur and carbon making the global warming and increase in the rise of earth's surface temperature. release of SO and CO from automobiles are the big problem each and every part of globe is facing. Research activities need to scale up for the coming future to meet the global demand of power and electricity.

dear Lakshmi Kanth Moganti thank you for your contribution to the discussion

Transitioning to renewable energy, and reducing reliance on fossil fuels, is one way to help slow down the effects of climate change. While renewable used to be a more expensive option, new clean energy technologies are lowering costs and helping to move economies away from fossil fuels. They differ from fossil fuels principally in their diversity, abundance and potential for use anywhere on the planet, but above all in that they produce neither greenhouse gases – which cause climate change – nor polluting emissions. Some resources will practically never run out. These are known as renewable resources. Renewable resources also produce clean energy, meaning less pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, which contribute to climate change. Generating energy that produces no greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels and reduces some types of air pollution and diversifying energy supply and reducing dependence on imported fuels and creating economic development and jobs in manufacturing, installation, and more. They differ from fossil fuels principally in their diversity, abundance and potential for use anywhere on the planet, but above all in that they produce neither greenhouse gases which cause climate change nor polluting emissions. With renewable energy, we no longer have to cut trees down to access fossil resources. We can plant new trees in deforested areas. As a result, air quality in any area with more trees improves. Furthermore, once installed, renewable energy technologies such as wind and solar do not produce any carbon emissions.One of the main benefits of most renewable energy sources is that they don't release carbon dioxide or pollute the air when they are used to produce electricity or heat. That's because renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind, don't emit carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming. We should use energy efficiency technologies use greening transportation means more efficient mass transportation systems, promote the use of renewable means natural source of energy (solar, wind, geothermal, etc) and reduces our use of fossil fuels especially carbon-intensive coals to reduce climate.

Yes renewable energie is good and urgently needed to help slow down the effects of climate change. Important to follow the change of strategy of the oil & gas related sectors 'petrochemical and plastic industries planning a massive expansion in production, the problem is on track to get much worse'. https://www.ciel.org/project-update/plastic-climate-the-hidden-costs-of-a-plastic-planet/ #plastics and #pesticides

Dr Nina van Toulon thank you for your contribution to the discussion

i agree with renewal energy on principle based on the little i know.

while renewable energy is clean, what are the implications of installing and storing renewable energy means, i.e. environmental and social disturbance (e.g. hydro power), batteries for solar (from where and under what conditions are the materials sourced)?

Recently i read that although 803 billion has been invested in climate change action in the form of renewable energy, 6 trillion USD is needed to meet the demand for energy transition in developing countries. How can this amount be responsibly raised?

Dr Nicolette Duncan thank you for your contribution to the discussion

There is no path to protecting the climate without dramatically changing how we produce and use electricity: nearly 40% of US CO2 pollution comes from power plants burning fossil fuels. But we can turn things around. Renewable energy minimizes carbon pollution and has a much lower impact on our environment. Renewable means that the energy won't run out and includes solar, hydro and wind energy. Renewable energy sources are incredibly important because they don't emit the greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming and climate change. Transitioning to renewable energy, and reducing reliance on fossil fuels, is one way to help slow down the effects of climate change. While renewable used to be a more expensive option, new clean energy technologies are lowering costs and helping to move economies away from fossil fuels. First of all, it is never going to end, we can use them for a long time and various purposes. Also, they generate energy in a large amount and efficiently. The most important benefit of renewable energy is that it is eco-friendly and don't contribute to environmental pollution. Renewable resources differ from fossil fuels principally in their diversity, abundance and potential for use anywhere on the planet, but above all in that they produce neither greenhouse gases which cause climate change nor polluting emissions. Solar energy is the most abundant of all energy resources and can even be harnessed in cloudy weather. The rate at which solar energy is intercepted by the Earth is about 10,000 times greater than the rate at which humankind consumes energy. Renewable energy is energy that has been derived from earth's natural resources that are not finite or exhaustible, such as wind and sunlight. Renewable energy is an alternative to the traditional energy that relies on fossil fuels, and it tends to be much less harmful to the environment. Some resources will practically never run out. These are known as renewable resources. Renewable resources also produce clean energy, meaning less pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, which contribute to climate change. Generating energy that produces no greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels and reduces some types of air pollution. Diversifying energy supply and reducing dependence on imported fuels and creating economic development and jobs in manufacturing, installation, and more. Renewable energy in the future is predicted that by 2024, solar capacity in the world will grow by 600 gigawatts (GW), almost double the installed total electricity capacity of Japan. Overall, renewable electricity is predicted to grow by 1 200 GW by 2024, the equivalent of the total electricity capacity of the US. Renewable energy is a source of clean, inexhaustible energy. It is pollution-free as it does not produce any greenhouse gas and polluting emissions which are otherwise produced in the case of non-renewable sources. India is also embracing the power of renewable energy. It has already announced its aim to reach net zero emissions by 2070. Furthermore, according to the Ministry of Power, the country is likely to meet 62% of its electricity requirements with 500 GW of non-fossil fuel sources by 2030. With renewable energy, we no longer have to cut trees down to access fossil resources. We can plant new trees in deforested areas. As a result, air quality in any area with more trees improves. Furthermore, once installed, renewable energy technologies such as wind and solar do not produce any carbon emissions.

Yes, renewable energy is indeed good for addressing climate change, and renewable energy sources are crucial for Earth's future for several reasons. Renewable energy is the tool to reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions as well as reduce the world's reliance on fossil fuels, which are the main drivers of climate change. By transitioning to renewable energy sources, we can mitigate the impact of climate change by decreasing the overall amount of carbon dioxide and other pollutants released into the atmosphere. It can provide a secure energy system, increase air quality, drive toward technological innovation, and enhance community resilience to climate change impacts (adaptation and resilience).

Dr Gita Gc thank you for your contribution to the discussion

There is no path to protecting the climate without dramatically changing how we produce and use electricity: nearly 40% of US CO2 pollution comes from power plants burning fossil fuels. But we can turn things around. Renewable energy minimizes carbon pollution and has a much lower impact on our environment. Transitioning to renewable energy, and reducing reliance on fossil fuels, is one way to help slow down the effects of climate change. While renewable used to be a more expensive option, new clean energy technologies are lowering costs and helping to move economies away from fossil fuels. Renewable means that the energy won't run out and includes solar, hydro and wind energy. Renewable energy sources are incredibly important because they don't emit the greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming and climate change. Renewable energy sources are much cleaner than fossil fuels and, in some cases, like solar and wind power; they are totally clean sources of energy. Some resources will practically never run out. These are known as renewable resources. Renewable resources also produce clean energy, meaning less pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, which contribute to climate change. They differ from fossil fuels principally in their diversity, abundance and potential for use anywhere on the planet, but above all in that they produce neither greenhouse gases which cause climate change nor polluting emissions. First of all, it is never going to end, we can use them for a long time and various purposes. Also, they generate energy in a large amount and efficiently. The most important benefit of renewable energy is that it is eco-friendly and don't contribute to environmental pollution. Solar energy is the most abundant of all energy resources and can even be harnessed in cloudy weather. The rate at which solar energy is intercepted by the Earth is about 10,000 times greater than the rate at which humankind consumes energy. Renewable energy in the future is predicted that by 2024, solar capacity in the world will grow by 600 gigawatts (GW), almost double the installed total electricity capacity of Japan. Overall, renewable electricity is predicted to grow by 1 200 GW by 2024, the equivalent of the total electricity capacity of the US. Renewable energy is energy that has been derived from earth's natural resources that are not finite or exhaustible, such as wind and sunlight. Renewable energy is an alternative to the traditional energy that relies on fossil fuels, and it tends to be much less harmful to the environment. India is also embracing the power of renewable energy. It has already announced its aim to reach net zero emissions by 2070. Furthermore, according to the Ministry of Power, the country is likely to meet 62% of its electricity requirements with 500 GW of non-fossil fuel sources by 2030.

Global warming is caused by transforming one type of energy into another type. Transforming fossil fuels by burning them either to make electricity or to power internal combustion engines creates carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases that increase the Earth's greenhouse effect, which is increasing Earth's surface temperature. In order to ensure we reduce overall greenhouse gas emissions we must account for all of the energy transformations and entropy production included in making renewable sources of energy possible. If we only look at the onsite efficiencies of renewable energy sources, it will give us a false impression of what is occurring. For more on this way of thinking about global warming see Howard T. Odum, Environmental Accounting: Emergy and Environmental Decision Making, 1996, 370 pages. That is emergy, with an "m."

Researchers:

Whilst Solar PV Panelled power generation is being promoted,

We need to evolve Solar Thermal mode power using Steam ops Turbo GenSets to take care of balance.

We want implementation done, to reduce wastes to Environment by way of PV Panels and Batteriez which need regular ( once 3years renewal)..

Well wishes

Prof Ajit seshadri,

Vels University Chennai India

Dr David Keys and Dr Ajit Seshadri thank you for your contribution to the discussion

Renewable energy differs from fossil fuels principally in their diversity, abundance and potential for use anywhere on the planet, but above all in that they produce neither greenhouse gases which cause climate change nor polluting emissions. Renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar, emit little to no greenhouse gases, are readily available and in most cases cheaper than coal, oil or gas. Some resources will practically never run out. These are known as renewable resources. Renewable resources also produce clean energy, meaning less pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, which contribute to climate change. Generating renewable energy creates far lower emissions than burning fossil fuels. Transitioning from fossil fuels, which currently account for the lion's share of emissions, to renewable energy is key to addressing the climate crisis. By relying on clean, renewable sources of energy, such as solar and wind power, we can reduce our dependence on fossil fuels and decrease the amount of harmful pollutants like carbon dioxide that are emitted into the atmosphere. Solar energy is the most abundant of all energy resources and can even be harnessed in cloudy weather. The rate at which solar energy is intercepted by the Earth is about 10,000 times greater than the rate at which humankind consumes energy. They are renewable source of energy. They help in reducing global warming. They produce smoke and dust. They are environment friendly.By relying on clean, renewable sources of energy, such as solar and wind power, we can reduce our dependence on fossil fuels and decrease the amount of harmful pollutants like carbon dioxide that are emitted into the atmosphere. Renewable means that the energy won't run out and includes solar, hydro and wind energy. Renewable energy sources are incredibly important because they don't emit the greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming and climate change.

Yes, renewable energy is good for addressing climate change, and renewable energy sources are crucial for Earth's future for several reasons:

In summary, renewable energy is a critical component of efforts to combat climate change and transition to a more sustainable and environmentally friendly energy system. Its adoption is essential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, preserving the planet's health, and ensuring a brighter and more sustainable future for Earth and future generations.

Dr Kamal Khedhiri thank you for your contribution to the discussion

Yes, switching to clean sources of energy, such as wind and solar, thus helps address not only climate change but also air pollution and health. There is no path to protecting the climate without dramatically changing how we produce and use electricity: nearly 40% of US CO2 pollution comes from power plants burning fossil fuels. But we can turn things around. Renewable energy minimizes carbon pollution and has a much lower impact on our environment. Generating energy that produces no greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels and reduces some types of air pollution. Diversifying energy supply and reducing dependence on imported fuels. Creating economic development and jobs in manufacturing, installation, and more First of all, it is never going to end; we can use them for a long time and various purposes. Also, they generate energy in a large amount and efficiently. The most important benefit of renewable energy is that it is eco-friendly and don't contribute to environmental pollution. Hydropower currently is the largest source of renewable energy in the electricity sector. It relies on generally stable rainfall patterns, and can be negatively impacted by climate-induced droughts or changes to ecosystems which impact rainfall patterns. Renewable energy is pollution-free as it does not produce any greenhouse gas and polluting emissions which are otherwise produced in the case of non-renewable sources. The costs for renewable energy are also falling at a sustainable rate opposite to the rate trend of fossil fuels. They differ from fossil fuels principally in their diversity, abundance and potential for use anywhere on the planet, but above all in that they produce neither greenhouse gases which cause climate change nor polluting emissions. Renewable energy resources exist over wide geographical areas, in contrast to fossil fuels, which are concentrated in a limited number of countries. Deployment of renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies is resulting in significant energy security, climate change mitigation, and economic benefits. By relying on clean, renewable sources of energy, such as solar and wind power, we can reduce our dependence on fossil fuels and decrease the amount of harmful pollutants like carbon dioxide that are emitted into the atmosphere. Green energy is important for the environment as it replaces the negative effects of fossil fuels with more environmentally-friendly alternatives. Derived from natural resources, green energy is also often renewable and clean, meaning that they emit no or few greenhouse gases and are often readily available.

Renewable energy sources are indeed beneficial for addressing climate change, and they play a crucial role in securing Earth's future for several reasons:

In summary, renewable energy sources are critical for addressing climate change because they provide a sustainable, low-emission, and environmentally friendly alternative to fossil fuels. Transitioning to renewables is essential for mitigating the impacts of climate change, improving air and water quality, enhancing energy security, and fostering economic growth while reducing our reliance on finite fossil fuel resources.

Dr Kamel Khedhiri thank you for your contribution to the discussion

Solar Thermic mode power generation ought to be propagated with Solar PV Panels !

Former is very advantages

Well wishes

Prof Ajit Seshadri

Vels University

Chennai India

First of all, renewable energy is never going to end, we can use them for a long time and various purposes. Also, they generate energy in a large amount and efficiently. The most important benefit of renewable energy is that it is eco-friendly and don't contribute to environmental pollution. Environmental and economic benefits of using renewable energy include: Generating energy that produces no greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels and reduces some types of air pollution. Diversifying energy supply and reducing dependence on imported fuels. Renewable energy differs from fossil fuels principally in their diversity, abundance and potential for use anywhere on the planet, but above all in that they produce neither greenhouse gases which cause climate change nor polluting emissions. Switching to clean sources of energy, such as wind and solar, thus helps address not only climate change but also air pollution and health. There is no path to protecting the climate without dramatically changing how we produce and use electricity: nearly 40% of US CO2 pollution comes from power plants burning fossil fuels. But we can turn things around. Renewable energy minimizes carbon pollution and has a much lower impact on our environment. Hydropower currently is the largest source of renewable energy in the electricity sector. It relies on generally stable rainfall patterns, and can be negatively impacted by climate-induced droughts or changes to ecosystems which impact rainfall patterns. It is generally accepted that wind and solar energy are the ideal options when it comes to clean and sustainable sources of energy. They are the fastest-growing, the cheapest and do much less damage to nature and wildlife surrounding their sites as opposed to fossil fuels. Environmental and economic benefits of using renewable energy include: Generating energy that produces no greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels and reduces some types of air pollution. Diversifying energy supply and reducing dependence on imported fuels. A renewable resource is a resource that can be replenished naturally over time. As a result, it is sustainable despite its consumption by humankind. Renewable resources are considered especially important for their potential to replace non-renewable, or finite, resources in the production of energy. For instance, when compared to coal-fired power plants, electricity from renewable energy sources emits between 90 and 99% less greenhouse gases (GHGs) and produces 70 to 90% less pollutants. These technologies also create jobs and stimulate economic growth, which is essential for sustainable development.

RK Naresh points need to be serialised

Commented one by one for benefits

All are valuable and down to earth,

can be replicated with minor adaptations at most sites in India

Can take up the easily do ables or

Already ones in use for communities!

Go for it..

Well wishes

Prof Ajit Seshadri

Vels University

Chennai iNDIA ..

Dr Ajit Seshadri thank you for your contribution to the discussion

On February 14, 2023, the European Parliament, in a tight vote (340 votes for, 279 against, and 21 abstentions) decided to only authorize, from 2035, the sale of vehicles emitting no CO2. In other words: ban on the sale of new vehicles equipped with combustion engines, hybrids, plug-in hybrids, or others; paving the way for 100% electric cars. However, for various reasons, industrial, technological, economic and even environmental, specialists and professionals openly criticize the new regulations the European Union wants to impose. The most virulent criticism comes from the manufacturers, as evidenced by the positions taken by their managers, such as Carlos Tavares, CEO of Stellantis, Olivier Zipse, CEO of BMW, and Luca de Meo, CEO of Renault, who find neither more nor less, that "the electric car imposed by law is not the solution".

Dr Jamel Chahed thank you for your contribution to the discussion

Two remarks when speaking of Energy Costs or National Energy Security: 1. LCOE does not have universal values, as is it a national variable, that depends on the socioeconomic, industrial, and environmental policies of the countries as well as on their natural and human resources and their Sovereign National Security Concerns. So no universal comparison can hold water. 2. Entering the environmental impacts and risk costs into the LCOE equation from various energy sources will lead to energy price configuration, for each country, within a sustainable environmental integration that include National Security Concerns.

Moral. Without explicitly considering the costs of environmental and National Security Concerns into the intrinsic prices of all energy sources, comparing the LCOEs is only a "False Equivalency" which only serves to maintain the different interested interpretations

Dr Jamel Chahed thank you for your contribution to the discussion

This is an interesting recent overview [1] of civil nuclear energy in the world and the associated geopolitical issues by Lewandowski (2023): "Change climate and energy crisis: new deal for global civil nuclear power". One may read there: "The second largest source of low-carbon electricity in the world, the first in the EU, it is a major asset in the fight against climate change. It also contributes, over the long term, to the security of electricity supply and the economic development of the countries that use it. It is in the light of these different criteria that the “return to grace” of nuclear power observed in several European countries since 2020 is assessed. “Nuclear diplomacy” is therefore more active than ever: while the barycenter of new nuclear power is now in Russia and China, the United States is very committed to regaining its leadership by massively supporting its research and its national industry, especially in the field of small modular reactors, and by developing its international partnerships. In this context, the success of the resumption of the great adventure of civil nuclear power in France requires a major national project allowing human, industrial and financial mobilization that will allow it to recover its vocation as a nuclear power".

[1] Lewandowski, C. (2023). Change climate and energy crisis: new deal for global civil nuclear power. Herodote, 188(1), 119-138.

I agree with Jamel Chahed that Switching to clean sources of energy, such as wind and solar, thus helps address not only climate change but also air pollution and health.Although renewable energy sources have major advantages over fossil fuels, they also raise some environmental concerns. Many renewable energy technologies are ready for accelerated deployment, but research and development are still needed to reduce their environmental impacts. Non-renewable energy resources are available in limited supplies, usually because they take a long time to replenish. The advantage of these non-renewable resources is that power plants that use them are able to produce more power on demand. Sunlight and wind, for example, are such sources that are constantly being replenished. Renewable energy sources are plentiful and all around us. Fossil fuels coal, oil and gas on the other hand, are non-renewable resources that take hundreds of millions of years to form. Renewable energy is energy that has been derived from earth's natural resources that are not finite or exhaustible, such as wind and sunlight. Renewable energy is an alternative to the traditional energy that relies on fossil fuels, and it tends to be much less harmful to the environment. First of all, it is never going to end, we can use them for a long time and various purposes. Also, they generate energy in a large amount and efficiently. The most important benefit of renewable energy is that it is eco-friendly and don't contribute to environmental pollution. Renewable energy sources which are available in abundance all around us, provided by the sun, wind, water, waste, and heat from the Earth are replenished by nature and emit little to no greenhouse gases or pollutants into the air. Renewable energy in the future is predicted that by 2024, solar capacity in the world will grow by 600 gigawatts (GW), almost double the installed total electricity capacity of Japan. Overall, renewable electricity is predicted to grow by 1 200 GW by 2024, the equivalent of the total electricity capacity of the US. Renewable energy differs from fossil fuels principally in their diversity, abundance and potential for use anywhere on the planet, but above all in that they produce neither greenhouse gases which cause climate change nor polluting emissions. Supporting rural development: Renewable energy technologies can support rural development by providing access to energy to rural communities, which can help to improve quality of life, increase agricultural productivity and stimulate economic growth. However, renewable excluding hydroelectricity will contribute only 5-6% in India's energy mix by 2031-32 (Planning Commission). India has an enormous potential for renewable energy across the various sources and greater reliance on renewable energy sources offers enormous economic, social, and environmental benefits. With increasing concern over climate change and energy consumption expected to grow by nearly 50% by 2050, much emphasis is being placed on renewable energy over fossil fuels. Renewable energy supplies reduce the emission of greenhouse gases significantly if replaced with fossil fuels. Since renewable energy supplies are obtained naturally from ongoing flows of energy in our surroundings, it should be sustainable.

No necesariamente la energía renovable sea buena para el cambio climático, va a depender mucho en que forma se use y que contaminantes pueda generar debido a ese uso, recordar que es importante el monitoreo de las emisiones de este tipo de energías a fin de evitar impactos ambientales que en vez de mitigar el cambio climático ocasionen el infectó inverso

Dr Amalfi Calderon Castaneda thank you for your contribution to the discussion

The Renewable Energy Paradox (REP). REP is the fact that even though solar and wind may be the cheapest form of electricity in many parts of the world, these renewables may not be the most valuable. The issue with wind and solar is that they are both intermittent which means that other forms of generation or energy storage are required in order to 24/7 meet our energy needs. We are also seeing wholesale power prices collapse during sunny or windy periods. We are even seeing prices go negative (See Graph and legend).

So even if the Levelized cost of wind or solar energy is below the average wholesale power price and other forms of generation, where is the incentive to build out new renewable capacity when the capture price on the market is going to be very low?

In contrast, the most valuable (and less renewable) sources of power are flexible, such as gas reciprocal engines, with the ability to respond to changes in both the weather and demand.

[1] Read more on the six energy paradoxes (Gerard Reid, 2020): https://energypost.eu/the-six-energy-paradoxes-that-slow-the-sectors-progress/

Graph Source: See legend

See also

Dr Jamel Chahed thank you for your contribution to the discussion

The National News, Sep 26, 2023, by Sunniva Rose, France's environment minister takes swipe at Sunak's pushback on net zero. Christophe Bechu says tensions over the green transition in Europe must be met with more explanations from politicians. "French Environment Minister Christophe Bechu on Tuesday lashed out at UK Prime Minister Rishi Sunak for walking back last week on green commitments on cars and domestic heating as he called on European leaders to communicate better on the topic. “When you see the position of Rishi Sunak which consists in explaining that you have to slow down the rhythm [of the green transition], you can appreciate that across Europe, there is a need for explanations,” said Mr Bechu during an online brief with journalists. Mr Sunak last week announced a shift of Britain's climate goals, pushing back a ban on new petrol-only cars from 2030 to 2035 and delaying another ban on buying new boilers. “We have stumbled into a consensus about the future of our country that no one seems to be happy with,” he said. His decision drew criticism from climate experts who warned that avoiding short-term costs was likely to lead to a greater bill for taxpayers down the road..."

Dr Jamel Chahed thank you for your contribution to the discussion

First of all, renewable energy is never going to end, we can use them for a long time and various purposes. Also, they generate energy in a large amount and efficiently. The most important benefit of renewable energy is that it is eco-friendly and don't contribute to environmental pollution. Renewable energy is pollution-free as it does not produce any greenhouse gas and polluting emissions which are otherwise produced in the case of non-renewable sources. The costs for renewable energy are also falling at a sustainable rate opposite to the rate trend of fossil fuels. Renewable energy differs from fossil fuels principally in their diversity, abundance and potential for use anywhere on the planet, but above all in that they produce neither greenhouse gases which cause climate change nor polluting emissions. Non-renewable sources are going to exhaust such as coal petrol natural gas etc. They can cause environmental pollution therefore we have to use renewable resources. ii India has an abundance of solar energy wind water and biomass.Renewable energy technologies can support rural development by providing access to energy to rural communities, which can help to improve quality of life, increase agricultural productivity and stimulate economic growth. However, renewable excluding hydroelectricity will contribute only 5-6% in India's energy mix by 2031-32 (Planning Commission). India has an enormous potential for renewable energy across the various sources and greater reliance on renewable energy sources offers enormous economic, social, and environmental benefits. Energy is required for all activities. It is needed to cook, to provide light and heat, to grow crops for agricultural activities, propel vehicles and to drive machinery in industries. Thus, the sustainable availability of energy resources is vital for all human activities. Energy is required for all activities. It is needed to cook, to provide light and heat, to propel vehicles and to drive machinery in industries. Energy is the basic requirement for economic development. Switching to clean sources of energy, such as wind and solar, thus helps address not only climate change but also air pollution and health. Renewable energy is not clean at all. Although while in use, renewable doesn't emit anything, they do emit during development. The reality is that wind and solar are dependent on fossil fuels. They cannot exist without oil and natural gas. Renewable energy surpasses fossil fuels for electricity generation shortly after 2030. Renewable energy then dominates electricity generation by the 2050s, but even with an outlook that stretches to the end of the century, electricity doesn't pass 60% of “final energy” use.

Toward a Green New International Economic Order. This is what Chapter [1] by Bowles and Andrew (released two days ago) "Global Extractive Bargains for Green New Deals" tries to put into perspective. "Many national governments, regional bodies and political parties in the Global North have advanced various versions of ‘Green New Deals’ (GNDs) designed to cut carbon dioxide emissions to meet climate change objectives. Taken together, these would involve a shift away from fossil fuels and an increase in energy from solar and wind sources as well as an expansion of ‘clean’ forms of transportation such as electric vehicles (EVs). The shift to renewables and EVs, however, will require a rise in extractivism in other parts of the global political economy especially in the Global South to supply the minerals required to power this shift. We argue that the implied ‘parallel bargains’ accompanying the GNDs are problematic and propose a new lens for global extractive bargains based on a Green New International Economic Order."

[1] Bowles, P., Andrews, N. (2023). Global Extractive Bargains for Green New Deals. In: Bowles, P., Andrews, N. (eds) Extractive Bargains. Frontiers of Globalization. Palgrave Macmillan,

Switching to clean sources of energy, such as wind and solar, thus helps address not only climate change but also air pollution and health.There is no path to protecting the climate without dramatically changing how we produce and use electricity: nearly 40% of US CO2 pollution comes from power plants burning fossil fuels. But we can turn things around. Renewable energy minimizes carbon pollution and has a much lower impact on our environment. Renewable energy is not clean at all. Although while in use, renewable doesn't emit anything, they do emit during development.“The reality is that wind and solar are dependent on fossil fuels. They cannot exist without oil and natural gas. Although renewable energy sources have major advantages over fossil fuels, they also raise some environmental concerns. Many renewable energy technologies are ready for accelerated deployment, but research and development are still needed to reduce their environmental impacts. Renewable energy surpasses fossil fuels for electricity generation shortly after 2030. Renewable energy then dominates electricity generation by the 2050s, but even with an outlook that stretches to the end of the century, electricity doesn't pass 60% of “final energy” use. Renewable can effectively replace fossil fuels, creating crucial environmental, social and economic benefits. Global dependence on oil, natural gas and coal–and the damage this dependence inflicts–is well documented. But a transition away from fossil fuels is in progress and simply needs to be expedited. As clean energy sources become more common, the impacts on the world become clear. Renewable energy reduces greenhouse gasses and protects the climate, positively impacting biodiversity. Still, although it benefits the environment, it harms the balance of nature. India is aiming to attain 175 GW of renewable energy which would consist of 100 GW from solar energy, 10 GW from bio-power, 60 GW from wind power, and 5 GW from small hydropower plants by the year 2022. Investors have promised to achieve more than 270 GW, which is significantly above the ambitious targets. Renewable energy differs from fossil fuels principally in their diversity, abundance and potential for use anywhere on the planet, but above all in that they produce neither greenhouse gases which cause climate change nor polluting emissions. Renewable energy is never going to end, we can use them for a long time and various purposes. Also, they generate energy in a large amount and efficiently. The most important benefit of renewable energy is that it is eco-friendly and don't contribute to environmental pollution. Sunlight is one of our planet's most abundant and freely available energy resources. The amount of solar energy that reaches the earth's surface in one hour is more than the planet's total energy requirements for a whole year.

Rk Naresh Wrote "India is aiming to attain 175 GW of renewable energy which would consist of 100 GW from solar energy, 10 GW from bio-power, 60 GW from wind power, and 5 GW from small hydropower plants by the year 2022. Investors have promised to achieve more than 270 GW, which is significantly above the ambitious targets..." Sorry, as there is no mention of the author's reference, I consider that this paragraph is plagiarized from the paper by: Kumar. J, C.R., Majid, M.A. Renewable energy for sustainable development in India: current status, future prospects, challenges, employment, and investment opportunities. Energ Sustain Soc 10, 2 (2020) Available on:

Where you may read the same text with a reference [11] (see paper) "India is aiming to attain 175 GW of renewable energy which would consist of 100 GW from solar energy, 10 GW from bio-power, 60 GW from wind power, and 5 GW from small hydropower plants by the year 2022 [11]. Investors have promised to achieve more than 270 GW, which is significantly above the ambitious targets...."

PS: Many times, I asked you to mention the sources of the figures you provide

On Shortcomings of the Traditional “Levelized Cost Of Energy”[LCOE] "With this paper it is intended to show that the traditional LCOE calculation is unprecise as long as energy price rise is not considered (which is usually the case) and can therefore lead to faulty investment or subsidizing decisions... This may concern not only companies but also households as well as policy makers". This is the ultimate conclusion of the paper by Nissen, U., & Harfst, N. (2019). Shortcomings of the traditional “levelized cost of energy”[LCOE] for the determination of grid parity. Energy, 171, 1009-1016. One may read there: "We believe an improvement is necessary because the traditional way of calculating the LCOE does not deliver target leading results. Reason for the problem is that the traditional LCOE neglects energy price changes, an issue which has been addressed by a few authors already. Joskow – for example – argues that due to the neglect of price variations the “conventional levelized cost is a flawed metric for comparing the economic attractiveness of technologies” [16 p.239]. However, he is only referring to the price variations for electricity within one period due to changing rates that correspond to demand and supply of energy in the grid. Reichelstein et al. offer a solution for this short time perspective. They include varying energy prices by correcting the LCOE with a correction factor called 'Co-Variation Coefficient ' that accounts for “any synergies, or complementarities, between the time-varying patterns of electricity generation and pricing” [17 p.97]. Although price variations are covered, these corrections do not account for changes over the whole lifetime of an ERI . But these changes are usual in practical reality, lead to increasing cash flows, thus to an increasing NPV and bring investments therefore closer to the point of grid parity. Especially when looking at ‘socket parity’ (i.e. competitiveness of an LCOE with electricity user prices) this aspect is relevant as the specific price does not often vary strongly within a period but over the lifetime of the investment".

[16] Joskow PL. Comparing the costs of intermittent and dispatchable electricity generating technologies. Am Econ Rev 2011 May;101(3):238e41.

[17] Reichelstein S, Sahoo A. Time of day pricing and the levelized cost of intermittent power generation. Energy Econ 2015 Mar 1;48:97e108.

"GCM-hydrologic model coupling is not extensively used in the literature, considering that the bias induced by large dimensions of GCMs meshes is likely to introduce unacceptable uncertainties at the catchment areas scale. However, the downscaling alternative to GCMs usually comes with bias correction, the implementation of which is long and not devoid of uncertainty". Extract from: "Besbes, M., & Chahed, J. (2023). Predictability of water resources with global climate models. Case of Northern Tunisia. Comptes Rendus. Géoscience, 355(S1), 1-22. Available on:

Dr Jamel Chahed thank you for your contribution to the discussion

The paper [1] by Besbes et al.,2023, "Predictability of water resources with global climate models. Case of Northern Tunisia" analyzes the long-term effects of climate change using the predictions from CMIP6 on Northern Tunisia’s water resources, including blue and green water. The region represents the essential source of surface water, which gives it the qualifier “water tower” of Tunisia. It is also the cereal region of the country, mainly cultivated in rain-fed: it is its “attic”. Based on hydrological modeling, the analysis aims at determining the foreseeable climate-change effect on the overall water resources of the northern region of Tunisia.

[1] Besbes, M., & Chahed, J. (2023). Predictability of water resources with global climate models. Case of Northern Tunisia. Comptes Rendus. Géoscience, 355(S1), 1-22. Available on:

Dr Jamel Chahed thank you for your contribution to the discussion

Solar Thermal Powered Electrical generators are beneficial.

Both Thermal heat energy used for power generation and locally the ambience remains cool.

This is not the case when PV Panels are used.

Therefore it's always a boon to tap solar thermal energy..

Well wishes

Prof Ajit Seshadri

Vels University

Chennai India

Dr Ajit Seshadri thank you for your contribution to the discussion

"...The costs of reducing carbon emissions ...pose several challenges. One ... is that some politically appealing programs, ... appear low-cost—but are not. A second challenge is the reverse, where highly visible programs are perceived as high-cost, but are not... A third challenge is that the static costs provide at best an incomplete picture of the true costs of a particular action..." Excerpt from the conclusion of the paper (396 Citations):

Gillingham, K., & Stock, J. H. (2018). The cost of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 32(4), 53-72.

Dr Jamel Chahed thank you for your contribution to the discussion

On the genesis of the Global Anthropogenic effect idea. Hereafter an Excellent text extracted from the paper by Wallenhorst, N., & Wulf, C. (released 9 days ago) "Human Beings: Bridging Nature and Culture" "...In 1778 the French naturalist, Count Georges-Louis Leclerc de Buffon published an article in Des époques de la nature, saying that the whole face of the Earth today “bears the imprint of the power of man”. In particular, this makes humanity capable of changing the climate by impacting their environment – “Man can change the influences of the climate in which he lives, and finally set the temperature at the point that suits him” (Buffon, 1778, 237). A few centuries earlier, in July 1494, Christopher Columbus already sensed the capacity of humanity to affect the climate based on the management of deforestation - he is pleased that humans are able to control the climate. After that, between 1830 and 1833, the British geologist Charles Lyell defined the contemporary epoch in Principles of Geology as the “human epoch”; 20 years later the English geologist and philosopher William Whewell wrote that “the Human Epoch of the earth’s history is different from all the preceding Epochs” (1853, 88). In 1854, the Welsh geologist and theologian Thomas Jenkyn was the first person to identify a geological epoch marked by humanity (1854) which he defines as “the human epoch”. Two years later the English intellectual William Adams described his geological epoch based on his intuition of there being traces of human activity in sediments: “The Modern or Human epoch is illustrated by alluvial deposits, which are the effects of atmospheric and other more powerful causes: these still continue in operation, embedding remains of man and inorganic matter.” (1856, 247) About a dozen years later, in 1865, the Irish Reverend Samuel Haughton published his Manual of Geology, in which he defined the Anthropozoic epoch as the “epoch in which we live” (138). From the 1880 edition of his manual, Federau (2016, 64) picks up on one of the consequences that Haughton draws from this geological power: “Humans should be at the ‘head of the system of life’, because of their spiritual nature and their power to progress indefinitely [578–579]”. In 1863 the American geologist James Dwight Dana also published a Manual of Geology in which he referred to “The Age of Mind and the Era of Man” (130). Then the Italian geologist and priest Antonio Stoppani also described his contemporary period in the same way (1873), using the expression “Anthropozoic Era” (1873, vol. 2, 732). Next, the Russian geologist Aleksei Pavlov (1854–1929) towards the end of his life (the late 1920s), used the expression “Anthropocene” or “Anthropozoic Era” when speaking of his epoch, as mentioned by Vernadsky or Shantser (1973, 140)."

Dr Jamel Chahed thank you for your contribution to the discussion

One of the factors affecting climate is solar activity, the effect of which on earth arrives with a significant lag time that makes it possible to improve court-medium-terms adaptation measures. Ongoing research is making huge progress in this field. This paper [1] concentrates on the solar influence on European precipitation, which a large body of published case studies has documented. The study is focused on the period 1901–2015 for which the monthly precipitation series of 39 European countries are compared.

The paper's findings are fascinating: central Europe encountered a negative correlation between solar activity and rainfall, probably because short time lags of a few years are negligible on timescales beyond the 11 years solar Schwabe cycle. Flood frequency typically increases during times of low solar activity associated with negative NAO conditions and more frequent blocking. The Alps form the southern limit of the Central European solar-driven rainfall region because solar/rain relationships in the southern Alps appear to flip. Amazing!

[1] Ludger Laurenz, Horst-Joachim Lüdecke, Sebastian Lüning, Influence of solar activity changes on European rainfall, Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Volume 185, 2019, Pages 29-42

Dr Jamel Chahed thank you for your contribution to the discussion

On Earth Energy Budget. The energy transfers within the earth interfaces, analyzed by Woodcock, indicate that the associated budget of CO2 or Vapor in the atmosphere if increased vis-à-vis a reference state, should be accompanied by a relative cooling effect. IMHO, these results are incomplete, not because they are discordant with what is admitted as "consensus", but because these come under the "two-by-two separate parameters analysis" fundamentally unsuitable to tackle all nonlinear interactions involved in Climate determinants.

However and quite surprisingly, Woodcock's results, compared with the data, succeeded in explaining the temperature anomalies observed in different regions of the planet, not only by reference to fracking but also by other considerations; among them the various elements of the natural and anthropic carbon cycle

[1] Woodcock, L. V. (2022). Global Warming by Geothermal Heat from Fracking: Energy Industry’s Enthalpy Footprints. Entropy, 24(9), 1316.

Available on:

Dr Jamel Chahed thank you for your contribution to the discussion

In a remarkable paper, Vladimir Slivyak awarded the Right Livelyhood in 2021, is telling that "while much of the debate has been focused on oil and gas, unearthed another energy dependency that is hardly talked about: nuclear fuel"..."Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Finland, Hungary and Slovakia currently have old Soviet-built VVER reactors operated on their territory, all entirely reliant on fuel supplied by Russian state-owned Rosatom"...."But the issue of nuclear energy dependency was not raised at the EU summit this week and was also not discussed during the negotiations preceding it...."different kind of dependency" on Russian nuclear fuel and services, which Putin could use to "blackmail" certain members".

Read more on international Rosatom activities on: Shunning Rosatom Prospects of Russia’s nuclear expansion in the context of widening global sanctions; May, 2022 https://ecdru.files.wordpress.com/2022/05/shunningrosatom-v1.pdf

Dr Jamel Chahed thank you for your contribution to the discussion