Is anyone aware of any study conducted on the direct impact of mineral extraction and poor health outcomes in Africa?

Specifically for the impact on the governance of the quoted extractive companies?

Has anyone any information about papers concerning pre-exposure (PrEP) prophylaxis given to people with risk for contracting other infections than HIV? There are many ethical issues concerning use of PrEP in populations at high risk to contract HIV so I am wondering whether that possibility has also been given in cases where people could be exposed to other infections. By that, I exclude vaccinations and consider only long term usage of drugs for the purpose of avoiding infections.

Traditional sewerage tech/infrastructure is very energy and water intensive. What are some modified forms of sewage tech/infrastructure, that have lower energy requirements or can source electricity from sewage passively (e.g. methane capture)? Looking for both IP/commercial and public domain examples that are fitting for developing country urban contexts. 

My research is about Techniques of Basil herbs essential Oil extraction. I did study some current existed journal about essential oil extraction. Why only solvent extraction method was used, but not solvent distillation? And why cant we use solvent for distillation?

Hi. I am trying to help provide some rough advice for selecting amongst alternative sampling designs to measure bird density or abundance. The surveys are short-term in duration such as for impact assessments and habitat association studies. In this instance, I am looking at rough guidelines for how to select where to sample (survey design) and not how to sample (survey method). Attached is a rough first draft of a decision tree (see attachment) to select between various forms of study design ranging from conducting a census to spatially balanced sampling & stratified random designs. Do you have thoughts and suggestions? Is neglecting to include simple random sampling a fatal flaw for example? If so, where would you place it? Of course, the main advice will be to consult with a biostatistician, but hopefully this (with come accompanying text and references) can provide some rough guideance and be a starting point for that conversation. Literature, debate and suggestions welcome and appreciated.

I want to use ENVI-Met to simulate microclimate condition on humid tropic urban park. But I didn't have any data about LAD and LAI of humid tropic trees which is needed in ENVI-Met.

Here are some measurements that we did, the data looks intresting, your comments are welcomed.

A lot of media reports and people especially in the USA have complained about fracking and its impact on health through spillage, water contamination and pollution. However, I couldn't find any scientific reports on the impact. Does anyone have an idea on where to find one?