How to remove bubbles from film forming solutions?

The film forming solution (FFS) is stirred overnight and it is oven dried at 40°C.

Please give me suggestions to reduce the air bubble.

I have calculated percentage crystallinity using ( Ac/Ac+Am ) formula for the following curves. But I am getting crystallinity percentage more for the sample C in comparison to A. Am I wrong in my approach? Thank you in advance.

I am trying to coat "Bismuth Ferrite" solution (0.5 Molar) on "Nb doped Strontium Titanate". The solution is prepared by Sol-Gel method, and "Ethylene glycol" and "Acetic acid" are used as solvents. After cleaning the surface of "SrTiO3" by Distilled water and acetone and drying it by "Nitrogen Gas". I used spin coating to coat only single drop of the solution on the surface of the substrate, but during and after the calcination there are always tiny air bubbles on the surface of the sample (only visible in higher magnification).

We have an Inkredible 3D bioprinter which is connected to a PC via a USB B cable. I can see the connection is established but the printing does not start. Tried to change the baud rate to the specified value given in the manual (115200)- and it does work once in a while but mostly there is no connection with the error "Communication timeout-reset send buffer block". Anyone had the same problem?

Thanks in advance.

I have tried ultrasonication using Branson digital sonicator- 10 mins, 10% amplitude.

Updated Journals Impact Factor | JCR | SCI - June 2023

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