Question
Asked 12 May 2018
  • Ascension Centre for Research & Analytics

How do you define "Middle Class"?

At times middle class is defined quite vaguely by researchers. Is there any scientific method to define how to determine the band of middle class so that a similar and comparable definition can be applied across countries and also across time?
Regards
Dripto

Most recent answer

Wisdom Okere
Bells University of Technology
Following
1 Recommendation

All Answers (20)

Hein Retter
Technische Universität Braunschweig
Middle Class is that part of society which is high educated and social active , with good income and property, powerful and efficient working, feeling responsible for the common good.
2 Recommendations
Dripto Mukhopadhyay
Ascension Centre for Research & Analytics
Thanks Hein. However, I am looking for a well defined objective definition without ambiguity.
1 Recommendation
Karl Pfeifer
University of Saskatchewan
Yes, the notion of middle class is murky indeed. As Mark Twain said in a slightly different context, "The researches of many commentators have already thrown much darkness on this subject, and it is probable that if they continue we shall soon know nothing at all about it."
I think you have to first decide what work you want a conception of middle class to do for you and then just stipulate some set of parameters that might do that particular job, and that you can later fine-tune to achieve more robust results and pursue your more specific concerns. Perhaps don't even use the term "middle class", which already is so tainted with undesirable connotations that might lead to misinterpretation and misunderstanding.
Here are a couple of links that might help:
Hein Retter
Technische Universität Braunschweig
Yes, dear Dripto Mukhopadhyay, I support the answer of Karl Pfeifer. If you need some reliable background for your question because you need such strict definition to define a sample for own reseach then the normal way is to study introducing books of empiriical methods of social sciences. You can not expect an exact answer if the background of your resarch is not clear; do you prepare investigation - for example - with 3 groups, for instance upper-class, middle-class, lower class, than the criteria of sample grouping differ in comparison with two groups. I recommend to stucy at first models of sample grouping - and not to forget: the problem has its own history! Therefore it is to recommend not only the last edition of any book of research method in sociology, but to see: how have well-known great studies defined "middle" class. However, is your interest only to write over definition concept of "middle-class" in several countries - right! Then you should study the sociogical (research-) textbooks of that countries - and then you may ask also in RG.
Shortly said: There is no worldwide definition of "middle" class in comparision with the equation 1+1=2, as we know,: this is worldwide in the same way usable. Societies in East and West, Nord and South are too different that a worldwide valid definition of "bandwidsth of middle class" can be the same. Many societies have only some leading rich family clans and the majority of the people is poor; there is no or only a very small middle class. Of course in such a complex sitiuation it is your task to construct with well and detailed described reaslons a theoretically firm, but als practical definition in your own project.
Mahesh Kumar
Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology
Middle Class is considered socially good enough, having a source of good income, educated well and is get affected more by any change in rule of the governance.
1 Recommendation
Dmytro Leshchenko
Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
the social group between the upper and working classes.
Arvind Singh
Banaras Hindu University
Middle class is a class traditionally intermediate between the aristocracy and the working class.
Ali Benhmidene
University of Gabès
Midle class is a party of society where its level of life is between rich and poor. It contien the employments.. its the bigest party of society.
Felix Nwafor
University of Nigeria
Middle class is that part of the society comprising the educated, working class group whose economic power is in between those of the rich and the poor.
To give the most suitable definition requires knowledge of the research context.
Wisdom Okere
Bells University of Technology
Great contributions
1 Recommendation
Dripto Mukhopadhyay
Ascension Centre for Research & Analytics
It is great to see lovely answers. Just to provide some information about the background, I have worked on data set of about 3 million households data and about 15 million individuals data. We have also estimated household level income for each household in the data set that I mentioned. For more clarity for researchers not from economic research background, using various statistical measures we estimated number of households as well as total household income at very granular level across more than 10 income groups which is the most robust household income data in India. The purpose of this question was to obtain any concrete response from researchers who has worked on household income data.
It is good to see responses from all of you. Thanks again.
Harry Barton Essel
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
Middle Class refers to a social group between the upper and working classes, including professional and business people and their families.
Hassan Nima Habib
University of Basrah
Khalid Al-Salhie
University of Basrah
Agree with Hein Retter
regards
Ahmed Mahdi
Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University
I agree with Dr.Hein Retter .
Wisdom Okere
Bells University of Technology
Following
1 Recommendation

Similar questions and discussions

Methodologically speaking, should the following situation be classified as a case study or is it better labeled as something else?
Question
18 answers
  • Leônidas Soares PereiraLeônidas Soares Pereira
I have a question concerning how to classify this research approach. Let me give you the context:
A couple of colleagues and I found that a particular topic was showing itself to be particular tricky to teach in a classroom environment, thus we spent last year collecting literature on the topic and end up developing a theoretical framework for how to address the issue. We now plan to test our framework by implementing it in an undergrad classroom course that one of us is teaching.
Now here is the thing, we come from a social science background, and we intend to initially approach this effort qualitatively (through observation and semi structured interviews with participants). Thus, my initial reaction would be, from a methodological standpoint, to maybe call this a case study (see Yin, Merriam, Stake, etc.). However, considering that the person implementing the framework (and teaching the course) is also one of the researchers who developed it, can this still be called a case study? Or should it be considered something else? I've heard people suggest Action Research, Participatory Research, or event "a participant observer Case Study" but I'm not quite sure if this is quite it as well.
Any help would be appreciated, thank you.
Obs.: we are well aware of potential bias, and depending on the results of this first phase we then might, later on, run this again, this time as a more controlled experiment, comparing the framework version classroom outcomes’, against the ones from a "non-framework" one.
Isn’t he a fake scientist, if he feels that it is heretical or repugnant, when requested to find Truth and reality objectively?
Discussion
4 replies
  • Raju ChiluvuriRaju Chiluvuri
Dear Friends,
I can bet that no one in the world today (particularly in the software industry) knows or has the right answers to two simple questions: (i) What a component is, and (ii) What is meant by CBE (Component-Based Engineering), in the reality and context of all other engineering disciplines such as mechanical, electronics, and aerospace engineering.
Learning the right answers to these two simple questions would have two huge benefits: (i) Inventing effective solutions for the notorious software crisis by eliminating infamous spaghetti code, and (ii) Proving Computer Science is a fake science (i.e. paradox), that opens the door to transforming Computer Science into a real science that can address not only problems that have stood unsolved for decades (e.g. human-like computer intelligence that can be achieved by gaining valid scientific knowledge about the functioning and anatomy of bio-neurons in bio-neural networks) but also problems of the future such as bio-cellular computing, which cannot be solved by fake scientists or practitioners of fake science.
If a problem requires acquiring valid scientific knowledge, it is impossible for fake scientists practicing fake science to acquire such valid scientific knowledge essential to solving the problem. To provide tangible proof, I invented effective solutions for the infamous software crisis by gaining and using valid scientific knowledge that can provide the right answers to these simple questions about components, where scientific knowledge implies knowledge that clearly falls under the realm of science and is acquired without violating the core principles and proven rules of the scientific method.
I have been requesting software researchers to find right answers to the simple questions for over a decade, and my request has been seen as heresy. Please see attached PDF.
Why does the software research community find it repugnant or heretical when requested to recognize the reality and truth objectively? I feel, any Scientist must be ashamed of himself if he feels such a request is repugnant or heretical and resort to snubbing and personal attacks.
Best Regards,
Raju Chiluvuri

Related Publications

Article
Determining and recording appropriate occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) in the treatment of the edentulous patient is an important but critical procedure in practice. Incorrect determination of the OVD may result in failure of complete denture treatment. Many methods have been advocated to determine the vertical dimension in edentulous patients. Ho...
Article
В статье представлены результаты применения современных методик, используемых при изучении обуви и других кожаных изделий позднего Средневековья и Нового времени. С привлечением методов ортопедической диагностики рассматривается женская туфля первой половины XVIII в. из раскопок в историческом центре Калуги. По особенностям внутренней стельки из пл...
Got a technical question?
Get high-quality answers from experts.