3rd Apr, 2014
Nordic Institute for Studies in Innovation, Research and Education
Question
Asked 10th Jan, 2014
How would you define drop-in (or non-drop-in) alternative fuel?
What's the best definition you've seen? I would like to use an existing government policy or national lab/academies report. Or, how could I improve these two draft definitions below?
To start, the US Energy Policy Act of 1992 still seems to be the authority on "alternative fuel." (Thank you EERE for making this list easy to find.)
Methanol, ethanol, and other alcohols
Blends of 85% or more of alcohol with gasoline
Natural gas and liquid fuels domestically produced from natural gas
Liquefied petroleum gas (propane)
Coal-derived liquid fuels
Hydrogen
Electricity
Fuels (other than alcohol) derived from biological materials (including pure biodiesel (B100))
P-Series
My first stabs at "drop-in" and "non-drop-in." (Thank you CAAFI for getting me started.)
Drop-in Alternative Fuel:
An alternative fuel that is completely interchangeable and compatible with a particular conventional (typically petroleum-derived) fuel. A perfect drop-in fuel does not require adaptation of the fuel distribution network or the vehicle or equipment engine fuel systems, and can be used “as is” in vehicles and engines that currently operate on that particular fuel. Some alternative fuels may become “drop-in” only after blending with conventional fuel to a certain prescribed proportion.
Non-drop-in Alternative Fuel:
An alternative fuel that is not completely interchangeable and compatible with a particular conventional (typically petroleum-derived) fuel. A non-drop-in fuel requires adaptation of (or special treatment within) one or more components of the existing fuel distribution network or the current fleet of vehicle and equipment engine fuel systems. Some alternative fuels must be carefully segregated from conventional fuels, while others may be safely blended with conventional fuels. Some alternative fuels may remain “non-drop-in” even after blending with conventional fuel.
All Answers (2)
There is a gradual difference between drop-in and non-drop-in alternative fuels: ad a low blend of petroleumm with bioethanol (ca. 5%) conventional internal combustion engines need no adaptation, while at higher blends such adaptations are required.
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- Science for Ukraine provides an overview of labs offering a place for researchers and students who are affected to work from, as well as offers of employment, funding, and accommodation: https://scienceforukraine.eu/
- Labs supporting Ukrainian Scientists is an expansive list of labs and PIs offering support at this time. Submissions go here: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeRGe5Da_b6GGyC6VT7CLGViGs06SzeuX7wRKpC4K5tnvlhgg/viewform Find the full list here: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1HqTKukfJGpmowQnSh4CoFn3T6HXcNS1T1pK-Xx9CknQ/edit#gid=320641758
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- The UN Refugee Agency: https://donate.unhcr.org/int/en/ukraine-emergency
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Update 03/07:
This list outlines country-level initiatives from various academic institutions and research organizations, with a focus on programs and sponsorship for Ukrainian researchers:
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