Sanofi
Question
Asked 5 February 2014
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How can we reduce the several needle shots of different immunization given at the same time through recombinant technology in a single sequence
Children fear the several needles given at the same time for different immunizations and there has been failure to take immunization at appropriate times due to distance, transport, lack of logistics etc. Therefore the uptake of vaccines can be increased using a recombinant technology that combine several vaccine in a single sequence. It may increase uptake, but how can it be done?
Most recent answer
Making a single recombinant protein, comprising of antigenic epitopes of several different antigens/vaccine targets is not easily achievable. Combination vaccines made out of a compatible formulation of several different antigens is a good option to avoid giving individual vaccines and thereby multiple injections to infants.For example there are pentavalent (Diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid, Whole cell pertussis, Hib polysaccharide and HepB antigen) and hexavalent (Pentavalent +Polio antigen) vaccines available. HPV vaccines comprising recombinant L1 VLPs of more than one HPV type are also a good example.
All Answers (6)
Islamic Azad University Medical Branch of Tehran
Hi george,
many method have been suggested for this problem.you may use multivalent vaccine.these vaccines have multiple dominant epitope from each antigen(or agent),but the most important quastion that has been responded , the pathways are that immune system by which will process that antigen. In antigen processing pathway some dominant epitope may be altered .although bioinformatic program can help for better designing ,but all the information will be theoretical.
multiple antigen encapsulation in the same nano particles may be good method.
by the way, both method are under research and should be tested in suitable model(before human usage).
Islamic Azad University Medical Branch of Tehran
for animal study usually mice is first animal .in next step bigger animal should be used like rabbit or dog.But green monkey or resuse monkey is the best.Chimpanzees are physiologically and immunologically as like as human, but their usage in research study is very restricted.
Evestra, Inc
I would suggest nanoparticle encapsulation and combination after the vaccines are encapsulated. I am working on a multivalent vaccine using several enzymes and proteins encapsulated. So far so good. Good luck!
University Hospital Frankfurt
This TED talk presented here by Mark Kendall, showcases a new prototype cutaneous vaccine patch
Basically this would replace the ancient needle and syringe vaccine, which Kendall says in really an inefficient way of delivering an antigen. This patch system would deliver antigens directly to the Langerhans cells embedded in the epidermis, which would then stimulate a much more effective immune response. Hope this helps.
Sanofi
Making a single recombinant protein, comprising of antigenic epitopes of several different antigens/vaccine targets is not easily achievable. Combination vaccines made out of a compatible formulation of several different antigens is a good option to avoid giving individual vaccines and thereby multiple injections to infants.For example there are pentavalent (Diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid, Whole cell pertussis, Hib polysaccharide and HepB antigen) and hexavalent (Pentavalent +Polio antigen) vaccines available. HPV vaccines comprising recombinant L1 VLPs of more than one HPV type are also a good example.
Similar questions and discussions
What threshold of Herd immunity is needed to control Foot and Mouth Disease in a mixed ruminant population like in India?
For a good FMD vaccine seroconversion must be >90% and it hasnot been achieved in most of states in India (http://www.pdfmd.ernet.in/index_files/Content/Reports/Annual_Report_2017_18.pdf). For successful control of FMD, herd immunity should be about the level of 60% (at least 60% animals should show the protective titre in seromonitoring (Ferrari et al., 2016. Foot and mouth disease vaccination and post-vaccination monitoring Guidelines (http://www.fao.org/3/a-i5975e.pdf) of OIE, FAO. FAO and OIE, December 2016, FAO ISBN: 978-92-5-109349-8; OIE ISBN: 978-92-95108-25-7). However, in biannual FMD vaccination, half to two-thirds of cattle would have low antibody titres after 5 months of the last round (Knight-Jones et al., 2016; www.nature.com/scientificreports/ Scientific Reports | 6:22121 | DOI: 10.1038/srep22121). Two earlier studies on FMD prevention and control stated requirement of >70 immune members in a population. Gleeson and co-workers (GLEESON, L.J., ROBERTSON, M.D., DOUGHTY, W.J., Serological Response of village cattle and buffaloes in Northern Thailand to a newly introduced trivalent foot-and-mouth disease vaccine, ACIAR Proceedings No. 51 - Diagnosis and Epidemiology of Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Southeast Asia, 1993; 38—44) stated that in order to prevent an epidemic 70% of the population need to be protected, but to absolutely prevent an outbreak on a herd basis 95% protection is required (SOEHADJI, M., HERAWATI, S., The experience of Indonesia in the control and eradication of foot-and-mouth disease. ACIAR Proceedings No. 51 - Diagnosis and Epidemiology of Foot and Mouth Disease in Southeast Asia, 1993; 64-69).
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