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Started 30 August 2024
Dark Energy as a By-Product of Negative Effective Mass: Discussion.
Soumendra Nath Thakur
31-08-2024
Effective dark energy is interpreted as a manifestation of negative effective mass, a concept rooted in extended classical mechanics and involving the dynamics of potential, kinetic, and gravitational forces. This phenomenon emerges from the apparent reduction in invariant matter mass and its resulting influence on the universe's overall dynamics.
Note: Matter mass Mᴍ is understood as the combined mass of normal matter (such as baryonic matter) and dark matter.
Summary:
Effective dark energy, considered a by-product of negative effective mass, arises from the intricate interplay of potential, kinetic, and gravitational dynamics in the universe. This concept challenges traditional views by suggesting that dark energy is not a separate entity but rather a consequence of negative effective mass. The fundamental equation, PEᴛₒₜᴜₙᵢᵥ ∝ Mᵉᶠᶠᴜₙᵢᵥ, establishes a direct relationship between the universe's potential energy and its effective mass, highlighting their intrinsic connection.
In the early universe, effective mass played a critical role in determining the potential energy. The universal force was necessary to convert this potential energy into kinetic energy, facilitating the rapid expansion of the universe. As the effective mass decreased, acceleration increased, reflecting the dynamics of this early rapid expansion, as described by the equation Fᴜₙᵢᵥ = Mᵉᶠᶠᴜₙᵢᵥ · aᵉᶠᶠᴜₙᵢᵥ. This equation illustrates that the universal force is directly proportional to effective acceleration, offering key insights into the universe's expansion dynamics.
As the universe continued to evolve, its potential energy became influenced by both matter mass and effective mass, including contributions from dark energy and other effective masses. Later, the universal force was shaped by both matter and effective mass, with effective acceleration inversely related to the combined mass. The ongoing generation of dark energy and its dominance in gravitational dynamics are thus explained by the relationship between effective mass and gravitational effects, suggesting a repulsive gravitational force that significantly influences the universe's structure and evolution.
Effective dark energy can thus be seen as a by-product of negative effective mass, arising from the complex interrelations of potential, kinetic, and gravitational forces, and reflecting the apparent reduction in invariant matter mass over time.
Reference: Chernin, A. D., Bisnovatyi-Kogan, G. S., Teerikorpi, P., Valtonen, M. J., Byrd, G. G., & Merafina, M. (2013). Dark energy and the structure of the Coma cluster of galaxies. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 553, A101. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201220781
UPDATE 01-09-2024:
Expanded Insights on Negative Effective Mass and Dark Energy Dynamics
Negative Effective Mass: Insights from Universal Force and Acceleration Dynamics
The universal force Fᴜₙᵢᵥ is defined by the product of the effective acceleration aᵉᶠᶠᴜₙᵢᵥ and the combined inverse contributions of two types of mass: the variable effective mass Mᵉᶠᶠᴜₙᵢᵥ and the constant matter mass Mᴍᴜₙᵢᵥ. This relationship emphasizes that the universal force depends not only on acceleration but also on the dynamic interplay between these masses. The effective mass reflects the system’s response to dynamic factors such as motion and gravitational interactions, and it can differ from the constant matter mass by varying according to system conditions.
The universal force and acceleration increase or decrease proportionally with the combined reciprocal masses, where variations in the effective mass directly influence acceleration and the resulting universal force. As the effective mass decreases, acceleration increases, and vice versa. This relationship aligns with the interpretation of "negative effective mass," where changes in the dynamic state of the universe alter gravitational interactions.
The concept of "negative effective mass" arises from this interpretation of effective mass. When extended to dark energy's influence on gravitational dynamics, it captures the idea that the effective mass may exhibit properties akin to a negative effective density, leading to repulsive gravitational effects. In this context, "negative effective mass" describes how the dynamic properties of dark energy counteract gravitational attraction, contrasting with the attractive behaviour of conventional matter.
The effective mass Mᵉᶠᶠᴜₙᵢᵥ reflects the apparent mass loss or gain relative to the constant matter mass Mᴍᴜₙᵢᵥ. When there is an apparent mass loss, the effective mass increases to maintain balance within the system’s dynamics, suggesting that under certain conditions, the effective mass could be perceived as "negative." This negative value provides a framework for understanding inverse gravitational effects observed with dark energy, where repulsive dynamics challenge traditional gravitational interactions.
Additionally, when the universal force Fᴜₙᵢᵥ increases, the effective acceleration aᵉᶠᶠᴜₙᵢᵥ also increases. Initially, the effective mass Mᵉᶠᶠᴜₙᵢᵥ is equivalent to the matter mass Mᴍᴜₙᵢᵥ. However, as force or acceleration continues to increase, the effective mass can exceed the matter mass, thereby potentially dominating the gravitating mass Mɢᴜₙᵢᵥ. This implies that the effective mass plays a crucial role in determining the overall gravitational behaviour, supporting the idea of "negative effective mass" in scenarios where dark energy exerts a repulsive force.
By incorporating the concept of "negative effective mass" into the extended framework of classical mechanics, we develop a more comprehensive understanding of the gravitational dynamics, allowing us to account for the repulsive effects of dark energy on the universe's expansion. This refined interpretation bridges the abstract notion of dynamic mass variations with observable cosmological phenomena, providing insight into the complex interplay between mass, force, and acceleration in the universe.
Dark energy's influence on the universe's expansion can be understood in terms of the effective mass (Mᵉᶠᶠᴜₙᵢᵥ) exhibiting properties that suggest a negative effective density. When the effective mass exceeds the matter mass (Mᴍᴜₙᵢᵥ), it contributes to gravitational dynamics that may resemble those associated with a negative gravitating mass (Mɢᴜₙᵢᵥ), leading to the repulsive effects observed in the universe.
Mathematical Framework:
The mathematical framework establishes a relationship between potential energy, effective mass, and universal force, providing insight into the universe's expansion and the concept of "negative effective mass." The potential energy of the universe (PEᴛₒₜᴜₙᵢᵥ) is directly proportional to the effective mass (Mᵉᶠᶠᴜₙᵢᵥ), indicating that the effective mass plays a crucial role in defining the universe's dynamics.
The equation Fᴜₙᵢᵥ = Mᵉᶠᶠᴜₙᵢᵥ · aᵉᶠᶠᴜₙᵢᵥ describes the universal force as directly proportional to effective acceleration (aᵉᶠᶠᴜₙᵢᵥ) and inversely proportional to effective mass (Mᵉᶠᶠᴜₙᵢᵥ). An increase in acceleration leads to an increase in the universal force and a corresponding decrease in effective mass, which can lead to the formation of matter. Over time, potential energy becomes dependent on both the matter mass (Mᴍᴜₙᵢᵥ) and the present effective mass, shaping the gravitational dynamics.
By linking these parameters, this framework explains how variations in effective mass, particularly when perceived as negative, contribute to the repulsive effects associated with dark energy, providing a comprehensive view of the complex interplay between mass, force, and acceleration in the universe.
The Equations:
PEᴛₒₜᴜₙᵢᵥ ∝ Mᵉᶠᶠᴜₙᵢᵥ,
This expression, establishes a direct relationship between the universe's potential energy and its effective mass. In the early universe, effective mass played a critical role in determining the potential energy. The universal force was necessary to convert this potential energy into kinetic energy, facilitating the rapid expansion of the universe. As the effective mass decreased, acceleration increased, reflecting the dynamics of this early rapid expansion.
The equation Fᴜₙᵢᵥ = Mᵉᶠᶠᴜₙᵢᵥ · aᵉᶠᶠᴜₙᵢᵥ
describes that the universal force is directly proportional to effective acceleration, and effective acceleration is inversely proportional to effective mass. This relationship suggests that in the early universe, the universal force was the product of the effective mass and the effective acceleration.
Since acceleration is inversely proportional to mass, an increase in effective acceleration leads to a corresponding increase in the universal force, which, in turn, causes a decrease in the effective mass as the acceleration increases, and so corresponding increase in matter mass through formation. As acceleration increase, the effective mass decrease, forming matter mass.
Later, the potential energy became dependent on both the matter mass (Mᴍᴜₙᵢᵥ) and the present effective mass.
The force is influenced by the interaction between the matter mass and the effective mass, where the effective acceleration (aᵉᶠᶠᴜₙᵢᵥ) is inversely related to the total mass, comprising both matter and effective mass, represented by the equation:
Fᴜₙᵢᵥ = (Mᴍᴜₙᵢᵥ+Mᵉᶠᶠᴘᵣₑₛₑₙₜ) · aᵉᶠᶠᴜₙᵢᵥ
As the effective acceleration increases, the apparent matter mass decreases, corresponding increase in present effective mass, which is negative, within this combined mass. Thus, the emergence of dark energy from negative effective mass and its dominant role in gravitational dynamics can be explained by the relationship between effective mass and gravitational effects. As acceleration increased, the apparent matter mass decreased, generating effective mass.
Dark energy's influence on the universe's expansion can be understood in terms of the effective mass (Mᵉᶠᶠᴜₙᵢᵥ) exhibiting properties that suggest a negative effective density. When the effective mass exceeds the matter mass (Mᴍᴜₙᵢᵥ), it contributes to gravitational dynamics that may resemble those associated with a negative gravitating mass (Mɢᴜₙᵢᵥ), leading to the repulsive effects observed in the universe. As provided under, "Negative Effective Mass: Insights from Universal Force and Acceleration Dynamics.
Most recent answer
Time and mass
What is mass?
what is time
Does mass have meaning without the passage of time?
Does any mass fall in a gravitational field without passing time?
Does a magnetic field exist without the passage of time?
exactly...
Time and mass dilation indicate the direct relationship between time and material nature...
If the dimensions of the world are more than three, geodesics are created for movement.
Movement in the dimensions of time...
Time is a geometric potential difference.
And the density is the main reason for the geometry potential difference.
That is, heavier objects move more slowly in time dimensions.
And movement in space reduces movement in the time dimension (time dilation).
Density in the present
Negative density in the past tense
Negative density in the future
This explains the one-way arrow of time.
Negative density can be dark matter and dark energy results from dark matter.
It is the factor of space expansion.
2 Recommendations
All replies (6)
Tagore's Electronic Lab.
Dear Mr.
Robert A. Phillips
,Thank you for your questions and comments on my discussion post.
Q: Gravitational waves, including light, are not observable until they interact with the observer.
A: Gravitational waves and light are both forms of energy-carrying propagating waves that travel through a vacuum at a constant speed, which is the speed of light (c). Their detectability depends on the distance between their sources and the detectors and the time taken for their signals to reach the observer. Gravitational waves and light remain undetectable until their signals interact with and are measured by an observer.
Q: Atomic clocks show that falling reduces the internal kinetic energy (potential energy) of matter.
A: The statement "Atomic clocks show that falling reduces the internal kinetic energy (potential energy) of matter" is a bit confusing. Falling itself does not directly reduce internal kinetic energy or potential energy of matter; rather, it affects how potential energy is transformed into kinetic energy as an object moves in a gravitational field. Atomic clocks can measure effects due to gravitational fields, but they do not directly reflect internal energy changes in the way described.
Q: Is there a connection between negative mass and/or dark energy and the changes or disturbances caused by the gravitational effects of falling or orbiting bodies?
A: Based on the research by Chernin et al. in "Dark Energy and the Structure of the Coma Cluster of Galaxies," dark energy is associated with a negative effective mass (Mᴅᴇ). The study introduces three types of mass:
Matter Mass (Mᴍ): This is the total mass of both dark matter and baryonic matter within the Coma Cluster, contributing to its gravitational binding.
Dark Energy Effective Mass (Mᴅᴇ): This conceptual mass represents the effect of dark energy, characterized by negative pressure, resulting in a negative mass (Mᴅᴇ < 0) that counteracts gravitational attraction.
Gravitating Mass (Mɢ): This is the net mass responsible for gravitational attraction, combining the effects of matter mass and dark energy, as expressed by the equation:
- Mɢ = Mᴍ + Mᴅᴇ
Our research concludes that dark energy and negative apparent mass can be understood as outcomes of gravitational dynamics and motion. This framework extends classical mechanics to explain gravitational interactions, incorporating phenomena associated with dark energy. We characterize dark energy as the universe’s potential energy, linked with a negative effective mass (<0).
We further develop the concept of Negative Apparent Mass (-Mᵉᶠᶠ) based on the negative effective mass of dark energy (Mᴅᴇ) in its current form. According to our model, dark energy’s negative effective mass was the predominant energetic form in the primordial universe. Currently, this negative effective mass (Mᴅᴇ) is regenerated as a result of gravitational dynamics and motion. This regenerated negative effective mass manifests as Negative Apparent Mass in classical mechanics, applicable to both regular and cosmic scenarios.
In extended classical mechanics, we describe the force equation of motion as:
- F = Mᵉᶠᶠ·aᵉᶠᶠ
where the effective mass Mᵉᶠᶠ includes both matter mass (Mᴍ) and negative apparent mass (-Mᵉᶠᶠ), with:
- Mᵉᶠᶠ = Mᴍ + (-Mᵉᶠᶠ),
The gravitational equation in extended classical mechanics is:
- F𝑔 = G·(Mɢ·M₂)/r²,
Where: Mɢ = Mᴍ + Mᵉᶠᶠ
This approach shows that negative apparent mass (-Mᵃᵖᵖ) and the negative effective mass of dark energy (Mᴅᴇ) arise from gravitational dynamics and motion rather than being substances themselves. This reinterpretation aligns with extended classical mechanics principles and provides a coherent framework for understanding gravitational interactions.
In conclusion, there is indeed a significant connection between negative mass and dark energy and the changes or disturbances caused by the gravitational effects of falling or orbiting bodies. The regeneration of negative effective mass of dark energy, as a consequence of gravitational dynamics and motion, affects the observable properties and interactions of these phenomena. Integrating these concepts into classical mechanics helps better understand how such effects manifest in both regular and cosmic contexts.
Best regards,
Soumendra Nath Thakur
Tagore's Electronic Lab.
Dear Mr.
Robert A. Phillips
,Thank you for your response concerning falling clocks.
However, the focus of our discussion is "Dark Energy as a By-Product of Negative Effective Mass," and a question about falling clocks is not directly relevant to this topic. Addressing your question on falling clocks might not contribute to the core discussion on Dark Energy and its Negative Effective Mass. I would encourage keeping our conversation focused on the specific topic at hand.
Regarding your statement that a falling clock closer to Earth oscillates more slowly than one at a higher position, leading to a reduction in subatomic kinetic energy proportional to the square of the relative clock rate:
Please note that, scientifically, a clock closer to Earth actually oscillates faster, not more slowly, than one at a higher altitude due to the stronger gravitational force at Earth's surface. This results in a more energetic condition, where higher energy corresponds to a higher frequency and therefore a higher oscillation rate, according to Planck's equation, E = hf.
Your statement seems to touch on how a falling mass under Earth's gravitational force undergoes deformation due to strain, which causes corresponding changes in its dimensions, as explained by Hooke's Law. Furthermore, gravitational force affects the internal subatomic and molecular structure of the falling mass, leading to strain and deformation in accordance with force-mass equations in classical mechanics.
Consequently, the oscillation of the atomic clock is affected, leading to distortion in the clock's time readings. My research paper, titled "Relativistic Effects on Phase Shift in Frequencies Invalidate Time Dilation II," provides a comprehensive explanation and solution to this issue. You can access it at this URL:
This research demonstrates that variations in gravitational forces (G-forces) cause internal particles of matter to interact, resulting in stresses and deformations within the matter. Distortions in wavelength due to phase shifts in relative frequencies directly correspond to time distortions, as described by the relationship λ∝T, where λ represents the wavelength and T the period of oscillation. Relativistic effects, such as differences in speed or gravitational potential, influence the clock's mechanism through phase shifts in frequencies, resulting in increased wavelengths of clock oscillations and subsequent errors in time readings. These phase shifts, linked to an increase in the wavelength of clock oscillations, cause time distortion.
Experiments conducted with piezoelectric crystal oscillators in electronic laboratories have shown that wave distortions correspond to time distortions due to relativistic effects. The time interval T(deg) for a 1° phase shift is inversely proportional to the frequency (f), indicating that a wave corresponds to a time shift.
For example, a 1° phase shift on a 5 MHz wave corresponds to a time shift of 555 picoseconds (ps).
• For a 1° phase shift, T(deg) = T/360. Since T=1/f, we have:
• 1° phase shift = T/360 = (1/f)/360.
• For a wave with a frequency f = 5 MHz, the phase shift (in degrees) can be calculated as:
• T(deg)= (1/5,000,000)/360 = 555 ps = Δt.
Thus, for a 1° phase shift in a wave with a frequency of 5 MHz and a wavelength λ = 59.95 m, the corresponding time shift (or time delay) Δt is approximately 555 ps.
Therefore, as a falling clock approaches the Earth's surface, it reverses the magnitude of its deformation, thereby reversing the magnitude of time distortion. The phase shift in the oscillation frequency can be used to calculate the magnitude of this time distortion using the following formula:
• For a 1° phase shift: T(deg) = (1/f)/360 = Δt or,
• For an x° phase shift: Δtₓ = x(1/360f₀)
For more details, please refer to my research paper, "Phase Shift and Infinitesimal Wave Energy Loss Equations," available at this URL:
Best regards,
Soumendra Nath Thakur
Time and mass
What is mass?
what is time
Does mass have meaning without the passage of time?
Does any mass fall in a gravitational field without passing time?
Does a magnetic field exist without the passage of time?
exactly...
Time and mass dilation indicate the direct relationship between time and material nature...
If the dimensions of the world are more than three, geodesics are created for movement.
Movement in the dimensions of time...
Time is a geometric potential difference.
And the density is the main reason for the geometry potential difference.
That is, heavier objects move more slowly in time dimensions.
And movement in space reduces movement in the time dimension (time dilation).
Density in the present
Negative density in the past tense
Negative density in the future
This explains the one-way arrow of time.
Negative density can be dark matter and dark energy results from dark matter.
It is the factor of space expansion.
2 Recommendations
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