12th May, 2013
Lance Wallace Consultant Santa Rosa California USA
Question
Asked 11th May, 2013
Can you help me understand why Palmes Diffusion Tubes are not widely used in USA?
Palmes diffusion tubes are a useful tool for assessing NO2 pollution in both urban and remote regions. They are widely used in Europe and Asia. It seems as if there are very few researchers using them in the US, most studies rely on sophisticated electronic instruments. I could not find a supplier for them in this country and had to make them myself.
All Answers (1)
Palmes tubes are excellent cheap devices for collecting NO2 passively. However, Yanagisawa badges were developed in the 1980s that were about an order of magnitude more sensitive. At some later time, Ogawa badges (perhaps related to the Yanagisawa badge, perhaps not) became the most widely used passive devices for measuring NO2 integrated over hours or days.
Similar questions and discussions
How much do you know about your surroundings? Just a casual test
1. Which of the following is a non-biodegradable pollutant?
a) Organic waste
b) Urea
c) Hg
2. Which one is not a renewable energy source?
a) Geothermal energy
b) Solar energy
c) Fossil Fuel
3. Cauvery Water dispute is between
a) Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh
b) Karnataka and Tamil Nadu
c) Kerala and Tamil Nadu
4. Conference related to control of ozone depleting substances is
a) MontrealProtocol
b) StockholmConference
c) TorontoWorld Conference
5. The allowed thickness of plastic carry bags in the shops is
a) 20 microns
b) 30 microns
c) 40 microns
6. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria are
a) Rhizobium
b) Bacillus
c) Heritiera
7. The water Pollution Prevention and Control Act was introduced in the year
a) 1964
b) 1974
c) 1984
8. The Environment Protection Act was introduced in the year
a) 1985
b) 1986
c) 1984
d) 1990
9. The Air Pollution Control Act was introduced in the year
a) 1981
b) 1983
c) 1984
d) 1985
10. Wildlife Protection Act was introduced in the year
a) 1972
b) 1978
c) 1988
d) 1992
11. Forest Conservation Act was introduced in the year
a) 1986
b) 1980
c) 1982
d) 1989
12. The Indian Fishers Act was introduced in the year
a) 1985
b) 1986
c) 1987
d) 1988
13. The West Bengal Municipal Act was introduced in the year
a) 1990
b) 1992
c) 1993
d) 1994
14. Motor Vehicles Act was introduced in the year
a) 1986
b) 1988
c) 1989
d) 1985
15. The Atomic Energy Act was introduced in the year
a) 1962
b) 1956
c) 1959
d) 1965
16. Average pH value in acid rain is
a) 9.5
b) 5.6
c) 8.5
d) 6.5
17. The average temperature of the earth is
a) 18°C
b) 15°C
c) 20°C
d) 12°C
18. Green house effect is related to
a) Increased growth of green algae
b) Global warming
c) Natality
d) Development of terrace gardens
19. Green house gases include
a) CO2, CFC, CH4and NO2
b) CO2, O2, N2, NO2 and NH3
c) CH4, N2, CO2, and NH3
d) CFC, CO2, NH3and N2
20. Which is not a green house gas?
a) Chloroflurocarbon
b) Methane
c) Carbon dioxide
d) Argon
21. Concentration of green house is increasing due to
a) Deforestation
b) Increased use of refrigerators
c) Increased combustion of coal and petroleum
d) All the above
22. Which gas contributes most to green house effect
a) CFC
b) Freon
c) CO2
d) CH4
23. Which gas of the atmosphere holds up ultraviolet rays
a) O2
b) O3
c) N2
d) CO2
24. Checking of re-radiating heat by atmospheric dust, O3, CO2 and water vapour is
a) Ozone layer effect
b) Solar effect
c) Radioactive effect
d) Green house effect
25. Liberation of H2S/foul smell in tanks, ponds, etc. is due to
a) Anaerobiosis
b) Aerobiosis
c) Psammophytes
d) Biological magnification
FOR ANSWERS CONTACT abhijit_mitra@hotmail.com
Global Warming effects?
Hi Professionals!
Due to Global warming the earth temperature increases (https://climate.nasa.gov/effects/), which generates floods, storms, and tornadoes because of melting of ice glacier, in response it caused increase in the sea level up to 3mm/year, now if the sea level is increased and already the temperature is high, which will cause fast cycle of vapor formation having comparatively high temperature, these vapors will go up and will cause rain again, so as, rain reduce the earth temperature as we feel normally, and this phenomena will occur in a cycle. Then why we are concerned about global warming causes, also if there will be rains and floods and sea level is going up throughout, then how the literature says that cause of global warming water shed is going down and down and rivers lacks etc are getting dry day by day?
Just one reason I know, we have to control GW to stop those acid rains its true rain reduce temperature but acid rains has multiple negative impacts....
Your Thoughts Please!
Is the partial albinism in coastal redwoods (to store toxins?) a more widespread phenomenon?
Zane Moore at UC Davis is studying why the coastal redwoods produce white waxy leaves (albinism) on parts of some trees. These chimera trees (some of the leaves are green, some are white, and some are a mix) occur at the margins of ranges. His hypothesis is that the white leaves, which cannot photosynthesize, are used to store toxic metals found in the soils. Listen to the 17 min audio at Science Solved it, here: https://motherboard.vice.com/…/these-mysterious-pure-white-… If Zane's hypothesis is correct, are there other tree species that do this? Does it only happen on heavy metal soils derived from high Ni & Mg igneous rocks, or can it be triggered by acid rain over time (as we had in the Smokies up until the 1970s when the clean air act was passed and air quality improved)
Would you like to join me to write an article on the lessons from history for limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius?
My thought is that the fact that we have solved large global/international environmental problems before could both give some guidance and most important some hope! I have made research on SO2 emissions and acid rain myself, so I would especially need someone with experitse in other global problems like the ozone hole.
THIS PROJECT HAS STILL NOT PROCEEDED, SO YOU CAN STILL JOIN!
For my general thoughts see the following blog post:
and for some further elaborations: https://climatecolab.org/contests/2014/global-plan/c/proposal/1308202
Related Publications
A discussion on acid rain in China covers energy resources and coal combustion; the automobile industry and its contribution to air pollution and acid rain; SO 2 and NO x concentration distributions; historical trends pertaining to acid rain in China; prediction of the development trend of acid rain; the impact of acid rain on Chinese ecological en...
