After the sixteenth century, which American plant is the most widespread one in the world?

Michael Charters and I are compiling a Dictionary of Southern African Plant Names including biographies of all individuals after whom plants have been named. His son, born 1903, was Walter Julius Derenberg (possibly the author?)

Manufacture and consumption of candies in Europe of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries

Many names sooner or later end in citing Bauhin's Pinax theatri botanici or the Prodromos. To properly lectotypify, however, it would be very helpful to know, which books Bauhin actually referred to. I know that there's a list in the beginning of the PTB but it does not reveal the exact edition or book. Is there any source or paper on that?

In case of modern muscle anatomy, it is clear what a muscle is. Although there is debat about very microscopic details. In my research I stumbled upon "anatomical structures" in pre-modern literature that have no overlapping connection with modern myology.

For instance I have a name "muscle", but the structure is not the same as the modern variant. The muscle is a structure that connects to the bone (without a tendon). While the nerve and/or tendon go through the muscle towards the insertion on the bone. This is different from modern conceptions.

Also the concept of a nerve, and a tendon is different in material, positioning, functioning and such like. This is interesting I think, but I have trouble describing this.

So if there are any views on this problem, or known literature, I hope to hear from you.

I think it has to do with words that refer to a certain entity.

Maybe I should use terms such as muscle morpology or architecture?

Mabye others have stumbled upon this problem in biological, medical, or anatomical research.

Thanks in advance.

I'm currently working on the life of Charles West (1816-1898), the father of British Pediatrics and Founder (in 1852) of the Great Ormond Street Hospital for Sick Children in London.

His main book about pediatrics is Lectures on the diseases of infancy and childhood, Longman, Brown, Green, & Longmans, London 1848 [subsequent Longmans' enlarged and revised editions in 1852, 1854, 1859, 1865, 1874 and 1884].

In the Preface of the 1884 English edition of the book, West himself says that also a Dutch edition had been already published: can anybody help me to find the data of this Dutch edition?

 Thank you very much for this help (no special hurry, of course…) and best wishes for the New Year!

I am hoping to get a greater number of sources regarding crew social dynamics on H.M.S. Challenger. My obstacle is that I reside in Thailand with limited access to hard copy sources.

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I would like to make several large portraits prints (1mx1m) for the lab of Newton, Fourier, Michelson, Rayleigh and some other famous scientists. Can you advise any web source or a hard copy book, with such images of high quality? May be you came across printed portraits already available online?

When looking at the sociology of science we aim to understand the social aspects of science. We look at the relationship to institutions as well as the influence on and construction of scientific knowledge.

Are there any points within the history of science where due to the sociological aspect of it, it was not neutral? and if so, how did that come to be?