Performance and the stability of the perovskite-based photovoltaic devices are directly linked to existing trap-states or defect profiles at the surface and/or in the bulk of perovskite layers. Hence identification of stemming the defects during perovskite formation is crucial for achieving superior and long-lasting performances. Here, we present the effect of 1-Pentanethiol incorporation into the one-step deposition of perovskite layers. A feasible glove box-free route results in high-quality CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 layers under highly humid conditions (RH > 50 %) but at low temperatures (T < 18°C). 1-Pentanethiol addition into the washing solvent leads to the refinement of I/Pb stoichiometry, elimination of the iodide deficiencies, and reduction of the trap-state densities. Consequently, a precise amount 1-Pentanethiol addition enhances photovoltaic performances, resulting in a 54 % PCE improvement for CH3NH3PbI3-based inverted solar cells.

In this report, two novel donor-acceptor-donor type triphenylamine-quinoxaline-based (QC-TPA and QC-TPAOMe) small organic molecules have been synthesized by the Suzuki coupling reaction as hole transport materials (HTMs) and successfully utilized in the NiOx/perovskite interface. All device fabrication steps with ITO/NiOx/QC-TPA or QC-TPAOMe/CH3NH3PbI3/PCBM/BCP/Ag configurations were performed in ambient air over 55% relative humidity, except for thermal evaporation of metal contacts. Modifications of the NiOx/perovskite interface with QC-TPA and QC-TPAOMe molecules can improve FF and JSC by enhancing hole extraction and reducing energy losses. Consequently, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) boosted from 10.03% to 14.46% and 13.21% with surface modifications of NiOx with QC-TPA and QC-TPAOMe, respectively.

Inverted-type perovskite solar cells have drawn remarkable attention due to solution-processable, straightforward configuration, low-cost processing, and manufacturing at very high throughput, even on top of flexible materials. The hole transport material (HTM) plays a vital role to achieve high performance in inverted type of perovskite solar cells. Herein, we report on the effect of different commercial PEDOT:PSS such as PH 1000, PH 500, P VP AI, and P T2, on the performance of CH3NH3PbI3-based planar perovskite solar cells.