The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors affecting food security for rural Sudanese households and to estimate price and income elasticities for Sudanese households based on their food security status. The results show that households living in northern and western rural regions are less likely to be food secure as compared to households living in eastern rural regions. Also, rural households are more likely to be food secure in the fall and winter seasons as compared to summer season. The results of price and income elasticities for secure and insecure households were almost similar. Income elasticities for both secure and insecure households show that cereals, milk & eggs, vegetables, staples, tea and coffee are necessities for rural households.

The paper aims to estimate Sudanese household food demand by focusing on six aggregated food items. The items are cereals (sorghum, millet, wheat), meat and chicken, milk and eggs, vegetables (okra, onion, tomato), staples (sugar, salt, oil), and caffeine intake (tea and coffee). The paper used the Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) model to estimate Sudanese household food demand. The results showed that demographical variables have an impact on households' expenditure shares. For example, the results revealed that married respondents spend less from their income on cereals and staples compared to unmarried respondents. Also, men spend more from their income on caffeine compared to women. The results of the Marshallian own-price elasticities showed that all food items in Sudan are price inelastic indicating that price changes have a small impact on quantity demanded. Also, expenditure elasticities show that all food items in Sudan classified as necessities, except for meat and chicken. Ó 2020 The Authors. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is consumed since the ancient era in the Arab region, particularly in Saudi Arabia. This study aims to assess the consumption of dates, its association with obesity in addition to estimate the nutrient indices of consumed dates among Saudi population in Al Ahsa region. Household Saudi males and females (n=477) were involved in this study. They were classified into three groups; children (n=46), Adolescents (n=72) and Adults (n=359). Data on anthropometric measurements, socioeconomic factors, and consumption of dates were collected from the respondents. Some nutrients of dates were analyzed to calculate the indices of energy, carbohydrates, non- starch polysaccharides (NSPs) in addition to determine some minerals and vitamin contents. The obtained results indicated that adolescents followed by adults consumed the highest amount of dates. The results also revealed that the consumed dates could secure about fourth of the recommended daily requirement of potassium and the fifth of both magnesium and NSPs. Moreover, the study found that obese persons dates consumption was the highest in comparison to underweight and normal weigh respondents (p<0.05), however; the correlation between dates consumption and body mass index (BMI) was low. The study confirmed the importance of daily consumption of dates in securing some minerals and indicated that dates consumption is not responsible for weight gaining.

Aim: This study aimed to measure the energetic incidence of poverty and determines the main factors that cause urban poverty. Moreover, the study examines the key role of the livestock sector in poverty reduction in urban regions and develops an analytical tool to aid in urban area poverty mitigation through goats and sheep ownership. Materials and Methods: The study mainly depends on primary data assembled through structured and unstructured questionnaires, which were distributed among the targeted groups in the urban area in Sudan. Poverty line and poverty indices were calculated and measured using various well-known methods. The causes of poverty were estimated using logistic regression, and the effect of small ruminants in poverty alleviation was estimated using multivariate regression analysis. Results: The study findings indicate that both food and income poverty lines are less than the standard poverty line. In addition, the results imply that rural migration and crime predictors are among the most important factors in increasing urban poverty in the study area. Furthermore, livestock ownership has a significant impact on poverty reduction. Conclusion: The study concludes that small ruminants are playing a key role in reducing urban poverty. Thus, the study urges planners and policy-makers to support policies that promote livestock sector development as a strategy to alleviate poverty in Sudan.

This research aimed to analyse the impact of land use elements, meteorological year (MY) (temperatures changes) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions on camel numbers, prices and products, the study was adopted two sets of data termed as economic data and environmental data. Secondary data through 1991-2016 years is approved with supportive primary data, which designed by researchers via personal interviews of the camel producers were used. Simple descriptive, matrix correlations and multiple linear regressions tools techniques were used to analyse the data. The study results confirmed that, all the owners of the camel are men. Furthermore, the percentages of the camel share to the total livestock are positively correlated with camel numbers (r = 0.964, P< 0.01). However, the land use has a significant influence on camel share to total livestock and camel numbers. Increases in the agricultural and arable land use were resulted in a reduction of the camel numbers (r = -.458, P < 0.01 and r =-.814, P < 0.05; respectively). Moreover, the changes in MY had inverse effect on camel numbers (â = -14839.52) and milk production (â = -1898.19). Camel numbers, producers’ prices and camel production were significantly affected by CO2 emissions from industrial and energy sources. It concluded that, land use had highly significant impact on camel share to the total livestock population; however, climatic change significantly affects camel numbers, and camel production. Further studies of the camel economics knowledge were recommended. [Fundam Appl Agric 2018; 3(3.000): 602-608]