La présente étude est une contribution à la gestion durable de la forêt communautaire de Ando-Akpuivé (FCAA) dans la préfecture l'Avé au Togo. Plus spécifiquement, elle a évalué l'importance d'usages et le niveau de vulnérabilité de la flore da la FCAA. L'analyse s'est basée sur les données d'inventaires floristiques, les usages des plantes, les organes prélevés, le mode de collectes des organes et le stade de développements de la plante lors de la récolte des parties d'organes. Au total 65 plantes utilitaires ont été rapportées sur un ensemble de 188 espèces présentes dans la végétation. L'indice de valeur d'importance montre que les espèces les plus importantes sont les espèces introduites dont Azadirachta indica, Senna siamea, Gliricidia sepium et Mangifera indica. Les familles les plus représentées de la flore utilitaire sont les Fabaceae (24,8 %), les Rutaceae (14,2 %) et les Meliaceae (11,0 %). Les feuilles (40,7 %), les tiges (29,4 %) et les fleurs (9,4 %) sont les parties de plantes les plus citées en usages. Ces parties des plantes sont utilisées à des fins médicinales, de bois-énergie (23,3 %) et d'alimentation (11,0 %). Le mode de prélèvement des parties des plantes le plus prati-qué est le défeuillage (34,7 %), suivi de la coupe (22,5 %) et de la cueillette (20,1 %). L'étude a ressorti 14 plantes très vulnérables dont Anogeissus leiocarpa, Bridelia ferruginea, Gliricidia sepium, Lonchocarpus sericeus, Nephrolepis biserrata et Senna siamea. Une meilleure prise en compte des préférences des utilisateurs et des espèces vulnérables contribuerait à une gestion durable des ressources face à l'augmentation des besoins des populations. Abstract This study constitutes a contribution to the sustainable management of the Ando-Akpuivé community forest (FCAA) in the Avé prefecture of Togo. It specifically assessed the importance of the uses of the flora species of the FCAA and their level of vulnerability. The analysis drew on floristic inventory data, along with information on the uses of the plants, the harvested organs, the method of organ collection and the plant stage at which the organ parts were harvested. A total of 65 utilitarian plants were documented out of a total of 188 species present in the vegetation, highlighting the need for further research into the diversity of utilitarian flora in this ecosystem. The importance value index reveals that the most significant species are the introduced species, including Azadirachta indica, Senna siamea, Gliricidia sepium and Mangifera indica. The most prevalent plant families are Fabaceae (24.8%), Rutaceae (14.2%) and Meliaceae (11.0%). The most commonly reported used plant parts are leaves (40.7%), stems (29.4%) and flowers (9.4%), which are used for medicinal purposes, as fuel (23.3%) and food (11.0%). The harvesting methods that have been identified as most common include leaf removal (34.7%), cutting (22.5%) and gathering (20.1%). The study identified 14 highly vulnerable plant species, including Anogeissus leiocarpa, Bridelia ferruginea, Gliricidia sepium, Lonchocarpus sericeus, Nephrolepis biser-rata and Senna siamea. It is recommended that greater consideration be given to the preferences of users and to vulnerable species in order to contribute to sustainable resource management in the face of increasing population needs.

Indigenous knowledge of plant resources is very useful for their sustainable management. The present study aimed at understanding the indigenous knowledge for sustainable management of Sterculia setigera in Togo. In particular, it collected information on the ethno-ecological knowledge of S. setigera, its habitat, population dynamics, traditional management and spatial distribution in Togo. Data were collected through semi-structured individual and focus group interviews with 376 informants (almost all Togolese ethnic groups: 29), coupled with direct field observations. A total of 553 occurrences were recorded during the field observations. The results showed that knowledge of the species' habitat and population dynamics varied by geographical area, while management was sometimes influenced by socio-cultural considerations and use values. Human activities were identified as a major threat affecting the population dynamics of the species. The projection of these on the Togolese eco-floristic map showed that eco-floristic zones I and III were identified as areas with a high occurrence of S. setigera, while the species is almost absent in the semi-deciduous forest zone (eco-floristic zone IV). Further research on how climate change affects the species' habitat, propagation and planting should be encouraged.

In Togo, the cities of Lomé and Kara are undergoing rapid urbanisation driven by strong population growth and the expansion of urban built-up areas, leading to significant reductions in urban green spaces (UGSs). UGSs are vital for climate regulation and human well-being by mitigating urban heat, improving air quality, and supporting mental health. This urban expansion directly replaces vegetated areas with impervious surfaces, diminishing UGS and their associated ecosystem services. Consequently, climatic vulnerability has increased, highlighting the need for sustainable urban development and UGS conservation. This study examines UGS spatiotemporal dynamics using Landsat imagery from 1988, 2000, 2012, and 2022, applying a supervised image classification approach with the maximum likelihood algorithm. Post-classification change detection quantified UGS loss. Additionally, vulnerability models for 2022, 2060, and 2100 were developed using Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP 2.45 and SSP 5.85) and a multifactorial modelling approach. The results reveal a decline in UGSs from 85.98% to 40.78% in Lomé and from 93.99% to 36.68% in Kara between 1988 and 2022, primarily due to urbanisation. Vulnerable zones, currently in UGSs, risk disappearance by 2060–2100, exacerbating climate risks. Urgent measures are needed, including conservation policies, UGS creation, and community awareness to promote urban sustainability.

Urban green spaces (UGS) are essential to ensure the quality of life and fulfillment of city dwellers. There is a growing interest in research investigating the association between green space and climate resilience in urban area. This study aims to inventory both formal and informal green spaces in Kara, the second-largest city in Togo, and to analyze the characteristics expected by the local population. The photo-interpretation method was used to find UGSs, using very high-resolution satellite images under Google Earth Pro software. For each UGS found, the surface areas were determined using GPS forms. The proportion of UGSs per habitant was established in comparison with the standard defined by the Word Health Organization (WHO). In additional, a survey from 373 informants was carried out the challenges of UGSs sustainability, including local community needs. The results show that Kara city has 39 green spaces, ranging in size from 0.1 hectares to 5.59 hectares. These are mainly building greens spaces (51.3%), natural and semi-natural areas (28.2%), trees lining the roads (17.9%), and parks and recreation (2.6%). Per capita green space calculated was 0.2 square meters, very low compared with the threshold of 10 square meters per inhabitant recommended by the WHO. Despite their small size, the green spaces in this town are still very important. Local community expected eight (08) challenges of UGS project, including accessibility, cleanliness and the availability of development infrastructures (safety, lighting, drinking fountains, walking routes, shaded areas and children’s playgrounds). It is therefore important for municipal authorities to give much more attention to green spaces in future urban development plans.

Le projet de Renforcement de la Résilience au Changement Climatique des Communautés Côtières du Togo (R4C-Togo), au cœur des préoccupations de la résilience climatique et sociale des communautés de la région maritime du Togo entend renforcer la sauvegarde de la biodiversité végétale et animale de cette région. A travers un cadre méthodologique rigoureux, tenant lieu des inventaires floristiques, de paramètre écologiques, d’enquête ethnobotanique, de la cartographie et des inventaires fauniques, une base de données de suivi de la biodiversité de la région maritime (Togo) BioReMa-Togo est mise en place pour un suivi quinquennal de la biodiversité régionale.