Increased oxidative stress appears to be a negative factor leading to insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, β-cell dysfunction, impaired glucose tolerance, and ultimately leading to type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of the study is to investigate some serum oxidative biomarkers, lipids, and their association with hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. The 100 participants (50 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 50 healthy individuals) were enrolled in the present study. Anthropometric measures, serum fasting blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin, oxidative biomarkers, and serum lipid profiles were evaluated. The results showed that the level of malondialdehyde, fasting blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin, and lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes is higher than those in the control group, while nitric oxide was lower in diabetic than those in the control group. There are also insignificant changes in fasting blood sugar and glycated hemoglobin between baseline and after 3 months follow up. The results showed no linear relationship between oxidative damage and abnormal lipid profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes. It can be concluded that the serum level of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide, along with lipid parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes, can be a useful tool for monitoring of type 2 diabetes.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is the largest endocrine disorder in the world that refers to chronic hyperglycemia caused by impairment in both insulin secretion and action. Folate, vitamin B12, and vitamin D deficiency are related to the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Objective: This study has been carried out to investigate the role of folate, vitamins B12, and D status during the progression of diabetic type 2 patients compared to non-diabetic control subjects. Patients and Methods: We measured the plasma levels of folate, vitamins B12, and D, along with blood glucose, HbA 1c, and oxidative biomarkers in 50 diabetic type 2 patients and 50 healthy subjects used as a control group. Results: The findings revealed that the serum level of malondialdehyde (MDA) significantly increased in diabetic patients compared to healthy subjects, and the serum level of nitric oxide (NO) in T2D patients lower than in control. The concentration of vitamin D, B12, and folate in T2D patients significantly lower than non-T2D control. The results also showed a significant relationship between serum vitamin D, MDA, and NO with HbA 1c, while there was an insignificant correlation between vitamin B12 and folate with HbA 1c. Conclusion: The oxidative biomarkers and vitamins D, B12, and folate level can play an important role in the development and progression of T2D.