Over the past decade, AI-driven research has significantly advanced engineering processes and outcomes. The Internet of Things (IoT), a rapidly expanding network of sensor-embedded devices, enables autonomous data collection and exchange over the Internet. Integrating AI-powered decision support systems with IoT (AIoT) transforms factory workflows, manufacturing processes, and customized production. Despite the promise of these technologies, their complexities in smart manufacturing present significant challenges, necessitating thorough exploration of technological, ethical, and legal considerations. A robust governance framework is crucial for the effective implementation and acceptance of AIoT in this field. This article examines the deployment of AI-controlled, IoT-enabled systems in manufacturing, providing an in-depth overview of AIoT’s role and addressing quintessential ethical and regulatory challenges. By tackling these issues, the research offers valuable recommendations for stakeholders committed to advancing innovative AIoT systems in smart manufacturing.

There are three main types of temperature sensors: thermometers, resistance temperature detectors and thermocouples. These sensors measure a physical property that changes as a function of temperature, and temperature sensors are classified into contact and non-contact sensors. Contact sensors detect the degree of hotness or coldness of an object when placed in direct contact with the object. It can be used to sense the degree of hotness or coldness in liquids, solids or gases in a wide range of temperatures. Contact temperature sensors include thermometers, thermocouples and thermistors. A thermometer detects the body temperature of human beings, and a thermocouple is a thermoelectrical thermometer that works on the principle of the Seebeck effect; they are cheap; hence, their model and basic materials are easy to get, and non-contact sensors are not placed in contact with the object that it measures; however, they measure the temperature by utilizing the radiation of the heat source. IR sensors detect the energy of an object remotely and emit a sign to an electronic circuit that senses the object’s temperature by a specific calibration diagram. Other types of temperature sensors are available and produced based on the working principle, size, temperature range and their function and application.

Despite being able to supply beyond energy required for global use, the sun is still being greatly under-utilized possibly due to the availability of alternative sources of energies which are finite, costly, and far more hazardous. The aim of this research work is to seek better ways of utilizing the luminous flux (luminous energy emitted per second) or power from solar radiation, which is renewable, pollution free and which is freely available to mankind to generate heat or power required for cooking and for related needs of a cooker. The solar cooker, which is a family size type was designed (with the design specification temperature of 180°C) which was constructed and tested between the periods of 9.00 am and 4.00 pm during sun shine days. The maximum temperature attained was 140°C. The parabolic solar cooker has four panel booster reflectors (with rectangular plane mirrors on each booster reflector) each of which is detachable and a mechanical device is provided to constantly tilt the reflectors in the azimuthally direction so as to track the sun. These reflectors reflect the sun rays which falls incident on it to a focal point which give solar energy of high intensity. A known size pot was positioned with aid of a potholder on the focal point. The use of the parabolic cooker will help tremendously in the conservation of fossil fuel energy. However, on the sunny and cloudless days, the cooker can work effectively for various cooking purposes at almost the same rate as the conventional stoves. The efficiency of the cooker was determined and recorded. Finally, the cooker could be more efficient if the entire reflector surfaces of the cooker can be able to radiate heat energy from all its surfaces to the focal point. The cooker could be used for cooking on sunny days and in areas where electricity availability is questionable in terms of supply.