This study presents a pioneering integrated comprehensive model for photovoltaic solar pumping irrigation systems, addressing critical challenges prevalent in Egypt and other developing countries. These challenges primarily revolve around the scarcity of fossil fuels and the imperative need for optimizing renewable energy usage in agriculture, as well as rectifying irrigation inefficiencies in both established and emerging agricultural areas, where flood irrigation remains a predominant but resource-intensive practice. Our proposed model synthesizes principles from agricultural science, irrigation science, and photovoltaic solar engineering. To demonstrate its efficacy, we conducted a comprehensive case study in Egypt. The results underscore the transformative potential of our approach, revealing a substantial reduction in water consumption, approximately 30% lower than that of conventional flood irrigation methods in regions, such as the Nile delta and Nile valley. However, our findings also illuminate the inherent dependence of the proposed system on photovoltaic technology, which may entail certain limitations, particularly in areas characterized by inconsistent sunlight availability. As such, this study offers a holistic assessment of the proposed system's feasibility by juxtaposing its cost-effectiveness, in the context of the Egyptian case study, against the alternative of desalinating an equivalent volume of seawater. The analysis reveals considerable cost savings of up to 1.865 billion USD and a monumental conservation of 14.025 billion cubic meters of precious irrigation water resources, reinforcing the viability of our proposed system. In addition to these insights, our research presents a versatile modular simulator, empowering PV solar engineers to tailor water pumping systems for diverse land types. This multidisciplinary framework amalgamates PV solar, electronic, irrigation, and agricultural engineering models, offering engineers optimized solutions to achieve the pinnacle of solar pumping irrigation system design. In summation, this study bridges critical gaps in sustainable agriculture and renewable energy utilization, providing a robust solution for water-efficient irrigation practices while mitigating the pressing concerns of fossil fuel depletion and environmental conservation in Egypt and analogous regions.

Explaning Solar parameters Extraction Method using analytic approach, The approach was raised by Javier Cubas in his paper "On the analytical approach for modeling photovoltaic systems behavior." The hand writing notes simplify deduction of the formula in details to help researchers to get ready formulas, Which will be used to extract PV solar cell parmeters.

Accurate PV system simulators are implemented with expensive software platforms using paid irradiance data. The main purpose of this paper is to develop and validate a PV system simulator, beginning with a solar cell parameter extraction model, then test and validate long-term Irradiance data using free online source (Typical Meteorological Year TMY in (PVGIS) European website), and finally building full solar generator simulator to run in working real conditions. Comparing results with Accurate Paid PV simulators (which use the Muneer model) showed good accuracy of the proposed simulator. Work flow starts with the Irradiance model’s data processing, then solar cell 5 parameters model data processing (to extract cell parameters), and finally full system simulator. MATLAB coding programs in real working conditions are used for simulation. Results of solar cell parameter extraction show 99.6% to 99.99% matching with data sheet and cell performance under standard test conditions. System model simulation output shows 8% less yearly generated energy compared to the PVGIS 2022 long-term simulation (hourly basis (one-year time)). This is due to incident energy variations (between the years 2016 and 2022) of 4.02%. The novelty of the algorithm is the methodology, as it tests irradiance data on an hourly basis and validates results for a whole continuous year. Also, the 5-parameter solar cell model is used to be validated in long term analysis, not only STC conditions and could be applied on any PV solar cell. The algorithm and block diagram used are scalable, modular, and interchangeable with similar models to be tested. This simulator could test several methods and models in solar pv technology.

Nonlinear loads have become more prevalent in all applications, including computers, transformers, and adjustable speed drives. The harmonic level of the underground distribution cables rises as a result of these loads. As a result, the cable layers' temperatures are affected by the harmonic levels. The purpose of this paper is to calculate the temperature distribution of a cable conductor and the soil around it under cyclic loading conditions, including the impact of linear and nonlinear loads. The IEC 60,853-2 standard is used to consider the thermal model of an underground cable. The finite element method is investigated to obtain a heat map of the cable layers and their surrounding soil. In this study, the small-scale model was constructed in the laboratory. The cable is installed using two methods at the same loading conditions. The heat transfer in the four-core low-voltage cable installation is measured. Furthermore, total harmonic distortion is measured using a Fluke 125 scope meter. The experimental results from the laboratory model proved that there was an extreme increase in the temperature of cable layers when the cable was installed inside the polyvinyl chloride duct in the soil compared with its installation directly buried in the soil. The results of the experimental tests are compared with simulation results.