Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have previously been researched for electrochemical sensor development. MOFs are commonly stated to have low conductivity, and improving their conductivity remains a significant challenge. We described the preparation of an electrochemical sensor depending on the in situ growth of NiCo-BTC bimetallic MOFs, as model bimetallic MOFs, on a glassy carbon electrode modified with conductive nitrogen-doped graphene oxide nanoribbons (NiCo-BTC MOFs/N-GONRs/GCE). The proposed NiCo-BTC MOFs/N-GONRs/GCE was characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM (HRTEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and Raman spectroscopy. The square-wave voltammetry response of NiCo-BTC MOFs/N-GONRs/GCE to doxorubicin (DOX) is significantly greater than that of NiCo-BTC MOFs/GCE due to the synergic effect between N-GONRs and NiCo-BTC MOFs. The NiCo-BTC MOFs on the modified electrode act as active materials for sensing DOX. The calibration curve for DOX at the NiCo-BTC MOFs/N-GONRs/GCE showed two linear dynamic ranges, 0.01-1.0 and 1.0-80 μmol L-1, with a detection limit of 0.006 μmol L-1 (or 6 nmol L-1), which is less than the DOX concentration in human plasma samples (i.e., 77.2 ± 10.5 nmol L-1). Here, a modified electrode was designed using the large surface area of bimetallic MOFs and conductivity of N-GONRs for the electrochemical sensing of DOX. The current procedure offers a viable solution to the poor conductivity of bimetallic MOFs. Finally, the observed result shows that the proposed NiCo-BTC MOFs/GCE is promising for determining DOX in real samples of human urine and serum.

In this study, a magnetic covalent organic framework (MCOF) was synthesized using a novel and simple solution method to explore its potential as a magnetic adsorbent for dye removal. The synthesis of MCOF was confirmed using different techniques and data demonstrated that the as-prepared nanoparticles were 21–46 nm in diameter. The MCOF, before and after dye adsorption, was characterized using FT-IR and FE-SEM techniques. The prepared material was used to remove Amido Black 10B (AB10B) as an anionic model dye by magnetic solid-phase extraction from aqueous solutions. The substantial variables governing the removal efficiency were investigated and optimized. The results revealed that MCOF was adequate to remove 20 mg L−1 of dye solution in 2 min. The dye adsorption behavior was well described by the modified Langmuir–Freundlich isotherm with the maximum adsorption capacity of 228.07 mg g−1 due to high surface area (120 m2 g−1). The rate of the adsorption process was well explained by the Elovich model with the initial uptake rate of 920.20 mg g−1 s−1. Also, the synthesized adsorbent showed promising reuse potential. Moreover, the nature of AB10B-MCOF bonding was investigated based on the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) analysis. From this study, it was inferred that MCOF was an ideal adsorbent for wastewater treatment because of its advantages, including easy preparation, excellent adsorption capacity, fast adsorption rate, and good reuse potential.