Small Methods

Rapidly developing spatial omics technologies provide us with new approaches to deeply understanding the diversity and functions of cell types within organisms. Unlike traditional approaches, spatial omics technologies enable researchers to dissect the complex relationships between tissue structure and function at the cellular or even subcellular level. The application of spatial omics technologies provides new perspectives on key biological processes such as nervous system development, organ development, and tumor microenvironment. This review focuses on the advancements and strategies of spatial omics technologies, summarizes their applications in biomedical research, and highlights the power of spatial omics technologies in advancing the understanding of life sciences related to development and disease.

To mimic the neural functions of the human brain, developing hardware with natural similarities to the human nervous system is crucial for realizing neuromorphic computing architectures. Owing to their capability to emulate artificial neurons and synapses, memristors are widely regarded as a leading candidate for achieving neuromorphic computing. However, most current memristor devices are solid‐state. In contrast, biological nervous systems operate within an aqueous environment, and the human brain accomplishes intelligent behaviors such as information generation, transmission, and memory by regulating ion transport in neuronal cells. To achieve computing systems that are more analogous to biological systems and more energy‐efficient, memristor devices based on liquid environments are developed. In contrast to traditional solid‐state memristors, liquid‐based memristors possess advantages such as anti‐interference, low energy consumption, and low heat generation. Simultaneously, they demonstrate excellent biocompatibility, rendering them an ideal option for the next generation of artificial intelligence systems. Numerous experimental demonstrations of liquid‐based memristors are reported, showcasing their unique memristive properties and novel neuromorphic functionalities. This review focuses on the recent developments in liquid‐based memristors, discussing their operating mechanisms, structures, and functional characteristics. Additionally, the potential applications and development directions of liquid‐based memristors in neuromorphic computing systems are proposed.

Thanks to their direct band‐gap, high absorption coefficient, low manufacturing cost, and relative abundance of component materials, perovskite materials are strong candidates for the next generation of photovoltaic devices. However, their complex photochemistry and photophysics are hindering their development. This is due, in part, to the complex charge carrier recombination pathways in these materials, as well as their instability during measurements. Here, a new characterization methodology is detailed that allows the measurement, with high certainty, of the intrinsic parameters of a single perovskite sample, such as the trap state concentration and carrier mobilities. This methodology is based on a combination of time‐resolved microwave photoconductivity (TRMC) and time‐resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) spectroscopy. Compared to TRPL only, this methodology is faster, does not lead to significant changes in the perovskite properties over time, and increases the certainty of the parameters retrieved. Using this methodology, green solvent systems are studied to replace the traditional harmful solvents usually used when spin–coating perovskites. Although devices made using the greener solvents presented lower efficiencies, TRMC and TRPL measurements highlighted that the perovskites made with these solvents can achieve the same performance compared to the traditional solvent system.

Metal halide scintillators for X‐ray imaging have shown remarkable potential, however, achieving large‐area film has been hindered by challenges in materials design and fabrication methods, particularly regarding composition uniformity for high‐resolution imaging applications. Here, a multi‐source vapor deposition (MSVD) method is employed to realize the facile composition modulation by designing MA⁺ and Br⁻ (MA⁺ = methylammonium) co‐doped Cs2ZrCl6 (MCZCB) and further synthesizing a uniform and large‐area scintillator film. The incorporation of MA⁺ and Br⁻ ions, with their slightly larger ionic radius, induces lattice distortion, enhancing the self‐trapped excitons (STEs) luminescence of the MCZCB and significantly boosting the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) from 70% in pristine Cs2ZrCl6 (CZC) to an impressive 95%. Finally, a large‐area of 100 cm² and 95% visible light transparent scintillator film is fabricated, achieving a spatial resolution of 25.1 lp mm⁻¹. This result demonstrates that MSVD technology is promising as a practical strategy for fabricating large‐area X‐ray imaging film.

This study presents the development of electrostatic dual‐carbon‐fiber (CF) microgrippers for the precise manipulation of single SiO2 microparticles (diameters >3 µm) at low operating voltages of 5 to 15 V. Theoretical calculations and finite element analysis (FEA) simulations demonstrate that the microgrippers utilize a non‐uniform electric field generated by dual CF electrodes to create a dielectrophoresis force for the pick‐and‐place manipulation of microparticle. After the removal of dielectrophoresis force by turning off the voltage, particle release is facilitated by van der Waals forces from the substrate surface. This approach eliminates the need for additional corona discharge fields or vibrational separators for particle release, ensuring accurate 2D patterning and 3D stacking of SiO2 microparticles. The microgrippers show significant potential for applications in the individual separation and assembly of microparticles, such as lunar soil and interstellar dust, as well as single‐cell extraction and positioning. Additionally, the developed microgrippers offer broad utility in micro/nano‐manufacturing, micro/nano‐electronic circuits, physics, chemistry, and biomedicine.

Genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) have significantly advanced voltage imaging, offering spatial details at cellular and subcellular levels not easily accessible with electrophysiology. In addition to fluorescence imaging, certain chemical bond vibrations are sensitive to membrane potential changes, presenting an alternative imaging strategy; however, challenges in signal sensitivity and membrane specificity highlight the need to develop vibrational spectroscopic GEVIs (vGEVIs) in mammalian cells. To address this need, a vGEVI screening approach is developed that employs hyperspectral stimulated Raman scattering (hSRS) imaging synchronized with an induced transmembrane voltage (ITV) stimulation, revealing unique spectroscopic signatures of sensors expressed on membranes. Specifically, by screening various rhodopsin‐based voltage sensors in live mammalian cells, a characteristic peak associated with retinal bound to the sensor is identified in one of the GEVIs, Archon, which exhibited a 70 cm⁻¹ red shift relative to the membrane‐bound retinal. Notably, this peak is responsive to changes in membrane potential. Overall, hSRS‐ITV presents a promising platform for screening vGEVIs, paving the way for advancements in vibrational spectroscopic voltage imaging.

Blade‐coating has emerges as a critical route for scalable manufacturing of perovskite solar cells. However, the N2 knife‐assisted blade‐coating process under ambient conditions typically yields inferior‐quality perovskite films due to inadequate nucleation control and disorderly rapid crystallization. To address this challenge, a novel solvent engineering strategy is developed through the substitution of N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) with 1,3‐dimethyl‐1,3‐diazinan‐2‐one (DMPU). The unique physicochemical properties of DMPU, characterized by low vapor pressure, strong coordination capability, and limited PbI2 solubility, synergistically regulate nucleation and crystallization kinetics. This enables rapid nucleation, stabilization of intermediate phases in wet films, and controlled crystal growth, ultimately producing phase‐pure perovskite films with reduced defect density. Moreover, the feasibility and superiority of the mixed solvent strategy are demonstrated. The optimized blade‐coated PSCs achieve a power conversion efficiency of 21.74% with enhanced operational stability, retaining 84% initial efficiency under continuous 1‐sun illumination for 1,000 h. This work provides new insights into solvent design for preparing blade‐coated perovskite films.

Separating n‐butane/iso‐butane is a challenging and energy‐intensive task in the petrochemical industry. There have been only several adsorbents reported for C4 paraffins separation while they are confronted in real‐world applications with either poor selectivity or low n‐butane uptake capacity. In this study, a fluorinated zinc‐based metal‐organic framework (MOF), Znpyc‐CF3, derived from Znpyc‐CH3 is developed, which has fluorine‐containing functional groups on the pore surface that can enhance the interaction with the linear n‐butane. Remarkably, this fluorinated porous material demonstrates both high n‐butane uptake (55.5 cm³ g⁻¹) and excellent selectivity (IAST selectivity = 187) at ambient temperature. Multicycle breakthrough experiments confirmed its practical performance for real gas mixtures. Znpyc‐CF3 exhibits outstanding stability, maintaining its structural integrity after repeated sorption cycles and dynamic breakthrough tests under both dry and highly humid conditions. The preferential adsorption mechanism of n‐butane is further elucidated through Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. Overall, this research presents an efficient and stable adsorbent for the separation of butane isomers.

As silicon‐based transistors approach their physical limits, the challenge of further increasing chip integration intensifies. 2D semiconductors, with their atomically thin thickness, ultraflat surfaces, and van der Waals (vdW) integration capability, are seen as a key candidate for sub‐1 nm nodes in the post‐Moore era. However, the low dielectric integration quality, including discontinuity and substantial leakage currents due to the lack of nucleation sites during deposition, interfacial states causing serious charge scattering, uncontrolled threshold shifts, and bad uniformity from dielectric doping and damage, have become critical barriers to their real applications. This review focuses on this challenge and the possible solutions. The functions of dielectric materials in transistors and their criteria for 2D devices are first elucidated. The methods for high‐quality dielectric integration with 2D channels, such as surface pretreatment, using 2D materials with native oxides, buffer layer insertion, vdW dielectric transfer, and new dielectric materials, are then reviewed. Additionally, the dielectric integration for advanced 3D integration of 2D materials is also discussed. Finally, this paper is concluded with a comparative summary and outlook, highlighting the importance of interfacial state control, dielectric integration for 2D p‐type channels, and compatibility with silicon processes.

Traditional ophthalmic formulations are characterized by low bioavailability, short intraocular retention time, strong irritation, and failure to achieve the expected therapeutic effect due to the special physiological structure of the eye and the existence of many barriers. Microneedle drug delivery is a novel transdermal drug delivery modality. Responsive microneedles are defined as controllably releasing the drug payloads in response to physiological stimuli, including pH levels, temperature, enzymes, and reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as external stimuli such as magnetic fields and light. In addition to inheriting the advantages of traditional microneedles, which include enhanced targeting and permeability, non‐invasiveness, and painless application, the integration with stimulus‐responsive materials enables responsive microneedles to achieve a personalized precision drug delivery process, which further increases the accuracy and efficiency of ocular treatments, making on‐demand drug delivery possible. This article systematically reviews the classification, mechanisms, and characteristics of responsive microneedles and provides a detailed introduction to their diagnostic and therapeutic applications as well as real‐time monitoring potential in ocular diseases, aiming to offer insights for the precision treatment of ocular diseases in the future.

The electrocaloric effect refers to the temperature change in a material when an electric field is applied or removed. Significant breakthroughs revealed its potential for solid‐state cooling technologies in past decades. These devices offer a sustainable alternative to traditional vapor compression refrigeration, with advantages such as compactness, silent operation, and the absence of moving parts or refrigerants. Electrocaloric effects are typically studied using indirect methods based on polarization data, which suffer from inaccuracies related to assumptions about heat capacity. Direct methods, although more precise, require device fabrication and face challenges in studying meso‐ or nanoscale systems, like 2D materials, and materials with non‐uniform polarization textures where high spatial resolution is required. In this study, a novel technique, Scanning Electrocaloric Thermometry, is introduced for characterizing the local electrocaloric effect in nanomaterials. This approach achieves high spatial resolution by locally applying electric fields and by simultaneously measuring the resulting temperature change. By employing AC excitation, the measurement sensitivity is further enhanced and the electrocaloric effect is disentangled from other heating mechanisms such as Joule heating and dielectric losses. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated by examining electrocaloric and heat dissipation phenomena in 2D In2Se3 micrometer‐sized flakes poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene) films.

Monitoring the morphology and dynamics of both individual and collective cells is crucial for understanding the complexities of biological systems, investigating disease mechanisms, and advancing therapeutic strategies. However, traditional live‐cell workstations that rely on microscopy often face inherent trade‐offs between field of view (FOV) and resolution, making it difficult to achieve both high‐throughput and high‐resolution monitoring simultaneously. While existing lens‐free imaging technologies enable high‐throughput cell monitoring, they are often hindered by algorithmic complexity, long processing times that prevent real‐time imaging, or insufficient resolution due to large sensor pixel sizes. To overcome these limitations, here an imaging platform is presented that integrates a custom‐developed 500 nm pixel‐size, 400‐megapixel sensor with lens‐free shadow imaging technology. This platform is capable of achieving imaging at a speed of up to 40s per frame, with a large FOV of 1 cm² and an imaging signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of 42 dB, enabling continuous tracking of individual and cell populations throughout their entire lifecycle. By leveraging deep learning algorithms, the system accurately analyzes cell movement trajectories, while the integration of a K‐means unsupervised clustering algorithm ensures precise evaluation of cellular activity. This platform provides an effective solution for high‐throughput live‐cell morphology monitoring and dynamic analysis.

The advancement of zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) is propelled by their inherent safety, cost‐effectiveness, and environmental sustainability. This study investigates the role of sulfolane (SL), a polar aprotic solvent with a high dielectric constant, as an electrolyte additive to enhance ion transport and electrochemical performance in V₂C MXene cathodes for high‐performance ZIBs. The addition of 1% SL optimizes Zn‐ion transport by increasing ionic conductivity, suppressing electrolyte decomposition, and mitigating zinc dendrite formation. Galvanostatic Intermittent Titration Technique (GITT) analysis reveals a reduction in Zn²⁺ diffusion coefficient from 1.54 × 10⁻⁷ cm²/s in 2 m ZnSO₄ to 1.07 × 10⁻⁹ cm² s⁻¹ in the SL‐modified system, indicating a more confined Zn²⁺ transport environment. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) further demonstrates a substantial decrease in activation energy from 123.78 to 65.08 kJ mol⁻¹, signifying improved charge transfer kinetics. Ex situ XRD confirms that SL stabilizes the phase transformation of V₂C to Zn₀.₂₉V₂O₅, enhancing structural integrity. The modified system achieves an impressive specific capacity of 545 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.5 A g⁻¹ and exhibits exceptional cycling stability, retaining 91% capacity over 7000 cycles at 20 A g⁻¹. These findings underscore the potential of sulfolane as a key additive for advancing V₂C MXene‐based ZIBs.

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) significantly affects the performance and reliability of electronic devices. Although current metallic shielding materials are effective, they have drawbacks such as high density, limited flexibility, and poor corrosion resistance that limit their wider application in modern electronics. This study investigates the EMI shielding properties of 3D‐printed conductive structures made from polylactic acid (PLA) infused with 0D carbon black (CB) and 1D carbon nanotube (CNT) fillers. This study demonstrates that CNT/PLA composites exhibit superior EMI shielding effectiveness (SE), achieving 43 dB at 10 GHz, compared to 22 dB for CB/PLA structures. Further, conductive coating of polyaniline (PANI) electrodeposition onto the CNT/PLA structures improves the SE to 54.5 dB at 10 GHz. This strategy allows fine control of PANI loading and relevant tuning of SE. Additionally, the 3D‐printed PLA‐based composites offer several advantages, including lightweight construction and enhanced corrosion resistance, positioning them as a sustainable alternative to traditional metal‐based EMI shielding materials. These findings indicate that the SE of 3D‐printed materials can be substantially improved through low‐cost and straightforward PANI electrodeposition, enabling the production of customized EMI shielding materials with enhanced performance. This novel fabrication method offers promising potential for developing advanced shielding solutions in electronic devices.

The Coulomb electric field formed between positive and negative charges always restricts the generation and separation of photo‐irradiated electrons and holes, resulting in the limited CO2 photoreduction performances of catalysts. Herein, the defect engineering and high‐entropy strategies are used to regulate the crystallinity of Cs2NaInCl6 perovskite materials, thus resulting in an enhanced internal polarization electric field, which overcame the Coulomb electric field and promoting the separation process of charge carriers. Moreover, the Cs2Na{InPrSmGdTb}1Cl6 with Cl vacancies is prepared using the low‐temperature syntheses, which overcame the challenge of extremely high‐temperature requirements for high entropy alloy preparation. Compared with Cs2NaInCl6, Cs2Na{InPrSmGdTb}1Cl6 with Cl vacancies contribute to an 8fold enhanced polarization electric field, suppressing the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes and thus achieving an enhanced CO2 photomethanation activity with improved product selectivity and structural stability. This work provides a promising strategy for designing and preparing low‐temperature synthesizing modified high‐entropy halide perovskite catalysts used in the field of solar energy conversion.

The modern era demands multifunctional materials to support advanced technologies and tackle complex environmental issues caused by these innovations. Consequently, material hybridization has garnered significant attention as a strategy to design materials with prescribed multifunctional properties. Drawing inspiration from nature, a multi‐scale material design approach is proposed to produce 3D‐shaped hybrid materials by combining chaotic flows with direct ink writing (ChDIW). This approach enables the formation of predictable multilayered filaments with tunable microscale internal architectures using just a single printhead. By assigning different nanomaterials to each layer, 3D‐printed hydrogels and cryogels with diverse functionalities, such as electrical conductivity and magnetism are successfully produced. Furthermore, control over the microscale pore morphology within each cryogel filament is achieved, resulting in a side‐by‐side dual‐pore network sharing a large interfacial area. The ChDIW is compatible with different types of hydrogels as long as the rheological features of the printing materials are well‐regulated. To showcase the potential of these multilayered cryogels, their electromagnetic interference shielding performance is evaluated, and they reveal an absorption‐dominant mechanism with an excellent absorption coefficient of 0.71. This work opens new avenues in soft matter and cryogel engineering, demonstrating how simplicity can generate complexity.

Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) have garnered significant attention from both academic and industrial communities due to their high safety feature and high energy density in combination with lithium(Li) metal anode. Nevertheless, their practical applications remain constrained by the relatively low room‐temperature ionic conductivity and interface issues. Anion‐derived cation‐anion aggregates (AGGs), derived from high‐concentration liquid electrolytes, promote a stable solid‐electrolyte interphase layer, which have gradually propelled their application in SPEs. Meanwhile, the unique ion transport mechanism of AGGs in SPEs also helps to enhance their ionic conductivity. However, the detail mechanism and the application progress of AGGs in SPEs remain poorly understood. Here, it is begin with a concise historical review on the development of AGGs configuration, followed by discussion on the fundamental mechanisms of the ion transport in AGGs‐based SPEs. Then, focused on the recent developments, the design strategies for AGGs‐based SPEs are summarized in detail. Finally, perspectives are provided on the future developments and challenges for high‐performance AGGs‐based SPEs.

Metal carbides are considered attractive lithium‐ion battery (LIB) anode materials. Their potential practical application, however, still needs nanostructure optimization to further enhance the Li‐storage capacity, especially under large current densities. Herein, a nanoporous structured multi‐metal carbide is designed, which is encapsulated in a 3D free‐standing nanotubular graphene film (MnNiCoFe‐MoC@NG). This free‐standing composite anode with a high surface area not only provides more active Li⁺ storage sites but also effectively prevents the agglomeration or detachment of active material in traditional powder‐based electrodes. Moreover, the free‐standing design does not require additional binders, conductive agents, or even current collectors when used as LIB anode. As a result, the MnNiCoFe‐MoC@NG anode exhibits a high specific capacity of 1129.2 mAh g⁻¹ at 2 A g⁻¹ and maintains a stable capacity of 512.9 mAh g⁻¹ after 2900 cycles of 5 A g⁻¹, which is higher than most reported MoxC‐based anodes. Furthermore, the anode exhibits superb low‐temperature performance at both 0 and −20 °C, especially at large current densities. These properties make the free‐standing anode very promising in fast charging and low‐temperature applications.

Micro/nano manipulation of single nanowire has emerged as a popular direction of study in the field of nanotechnology, with promising applications in cutting‐edge technologies such as device manufacturing, medical treatment, and nanorobotics. The synthesis of nanowires with controllable length and diameter makes them meet various micro/nano manipulation demands. As manipulation techniques have advanced, including the use of optical tweezers, electric and magnetic fields, mechanical control, and several more control methods, they have demonstrated unique advantages in different application fields. For instance, the application of micro/nano manipulation of single nanowire in device manufacturing, cell drug precision transport, and nanomotors has demonstrated their potential in device development, biomedicine, and precision manufacturing. However, application extension of single nanowire manipulation is still in its infancy. This review systematically sorts out the progress of nanowire synthesis and manipulation and discusses its current research status and prospects in various application fields. It aims to provide a comprehensive reference and guidance for future research and promote the innovative applications of nanowire manipulation technology in a wide range of fields.

Commercially available conductive filaments are not designed for electrochemical applications, resulting in 3D printed electrodes with poor electrochemical behavior, restricting their implementation in energy and sensing technologies. The proper selection of an activation method can unlock their use in advanced applications. In this work, rectangular electrodes made from carbon black – polylactic acid (CB/PLA) filament are 3D printed with different layouts (grid and compact) and then activated using a highly reproducible eco‐compatible electrochemical (EC) treatment. The electrodes are characterized for their morphological, structural, and electrochemical features to obtain insights into the material properties and functionality. Furthermore, the influence of the electrode layout as well as the activation conditions are studied aiming to provide a better understanding of the mechanism driving the electrochemical behavior of the electrodes. The EC activation enhances the electrochemical performance, provides a uniform electrochemical activity in the electrode's interface and allows the manipulation of the electrochemical properties of 3D printed electrodes by adjusting the duration of the treatment. CB/PLA electrodes offer a wide stable potential window that benefits their use in water‐based electrochemical applications. Thus, their suitability for Zn‐ion batteries and electrochemical sensing is explored, followed by their application in hydroquinone determination in water samples.

Quantum dots (QDs), particularly those in the short‐wavelength infrared (SWIR) range, have garnered significant attention for their unique optical and electrical properties resulting from 3D quantum confinement. Among the various chalcogenide‐based QDs, lead chalcogenides, such as PbS and PbSe, are extensively studied for infrared photodetection applications. While PbSe QDs offer advantages over PbS, including a narrower bandgap and higher carrier mobility, they suffer from stability issues due to surface oxidation and particle aggregation. Conventional synthesis methods require additional post‐synthesis treatments for surface passivation with halides, which complicates the process. In this work, a novel synthesis approach that incorporates palmitoyl chloride (PalCl) into the traditional PbSe QD synthesis is introduced, effectively passivating the surface with Cl⁻ ions during the synthesis process. This method not only enhances the optical performance by producing a sharp exciton peak and allowing precise tuning of the absorption spectrum from 1100 to 1900 nm but also significantly improves the stability of the QDs in solution. The resulting QDs are successfully integrated into SWIR photodetectors (PDs), demonstrating exceptional specific detectivity of 1.08 × 10¹² Jones at 1460 nm. This achievement draws great potential of the proposed synthetic method for advancing infrared optoelectronic devices.

Decentralized molecular detection of pathogens remains an important goal for public health. Although polymerase chain reaction (PCR) remains the gold‐standard molecular detection method, thermocycling using Peltier heaters presents challenges in decentralized settings. Recent work has demonstrated plasmonic PCR, where nanomaterials on a surface or nanoparticles in solution heat upon stimulation by light, as a promising method for rapid thermocycling. Heating of a solution via nanoparticles suspended in solution has been demonstrated in PCR tubes, but not on microfluidic chips. We developed a volumetric, microfluidic plasmonic reverse transcription (RT)‐PCR method. A microfluidic chip is fabricated with an integrated thermocouple to measure internal temperature, feeding into a proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID) algorithm that modulates an infrared LED for closed‐loop control. Gold nanorods are dispersed in solution with RT‐PCR reagents. We created an instrument for plasmonic RT‐PCR using an infrared LED for heating, fan for cooling, and fluorometer for end‐point fluorescence detection. Rapid thermocycling and amplification of SARS‐CoV‐2 within 16 min (5 min for RT, 45 cycles in 11 min) is achieved. This paper demonstrates volumetric, plasmonic PCR in a microfluidic chip, using an integrated thermocouple for closed‐loop control. This work points to the promise of using microfluidics and nanomaterials to achieve rapid, compact detection of pathogens in decentralized settings.

Elucidating in vivo lipolysis is crucial for clarifying the underlying mechanisms and in vivo fates of lipid‐based nanocarriers, which are essential oral drug delivery carriers. Current mainstream methodologies use various in vitro digestion models to predict the in vivo performance of lipid formulations; however, their accuracy is often impeded by the complicated environment of the gastrointestinal tract. Although fluorescence labeling with conventional probes partly reveals the in vivo translocation of lipid nanocarriers, it fails to elucidate the lipolysis process because of poor signal discrimination among nanocarriers, free probes, and mixed micelles (lipolysis end‐products). Here, a polarity‐sensitive probe (PN‐C18) with aggregation‐caused quenching properties for labeling lipid nanocarriers is developed and optimized. PN‐C18 successfully eliminates interference from both free probes and mixed micelles during lipolysis. In a representative in vitro lipolysis model, PN‐C18 labeling shows stronger correlation between fluorescence intensity and lipolysis progression than those of previous methods. In vivo, the translocation and lipolysis of lipid nanoparticles are clearly visualized and effectively monitored, owing to the high tissue‐penetrating capability of PN‐C18 NIR‐II photons. This study provides practical means for elucidating the in vivo fate of lipid‐based drug delivery systems and offers valuable insights and reference for further studies in this domain.

Currently, the laser‐induced fluorescence method faces challenges in reliably determining the types and mass ratios of marine microplastics due to overlapped fluorescence spectra of different microplastics. To address this issue, this paper proposes a double‐angling‐subspace (DAS) method to differentiate the overlapped fluorescence spectra. The key idea is to span subspaces with vectors converted by known fluorescence spectra, followed by calculating the angle between vectors and subspaces. Specifically, it is found that the angle between the vectors converted from fluorescence spectra of unknown microplastics and their projections on the subspaces, as well as the angle between these vectors and the vectors spanning the subspaces, is indicative of microplastic types. The vector of an unknown microplastic belongs to the subspace spanned by the vectors converted by the known microplastics, and the mass ratios of unknown samples can be determined by analyzing the linear correlation between the vectors of both unknown and known microplastics. The reliability of the proposed DAS method is validated with real marine microplastic samples.

Lithium (Li) metal batteries hold great promise for next‐generation energy storage due to their high energy density. However, their application is hindered by uncontrollable Li plating/stripping, leading to limited cycle life, especially under practical conditions with a low negative/positive (N/P) capacity ratio. Here, it is demonstrated that stable cycling of low N/P ratio Li metal batteries can be realized by harnessing hetero‐interfacial redox chemistry to regulate Li nucleation and deposition behavior. It is shown that replacing pure Li metal with intercalated Li in graphite facilitates the formation of an increasingly lithiophilic heterointerface upon discharge, which homogenizes Li deposition during subsequent charge, resulting in highly reversible Li plating/stripping with minimal active Li loss under lean Li conditions. This enables Li metal cells with a Li/graphite hybrid anode to demonstrate remarkable improvements in cycling life, even with an N/P ratio as low as 0.4, compared to those with a pure Li metal anode. This strategy provides new insights into the role of hetero‐interfacial chemistry in constructing highly reversible composite anodes for high‐energy and long‐cycling Li metal batteries.