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Assessing the inhalation hazard of microplastics is important but necessitates sufficient quantity of microplastics that are representative and respirable (<4 µm). Common plastics are not typically manufactured in such small sizes. Here, solvent precipitation is used to produce respirable test materials from thermoplastics polyurethane (TPU), polyamide (PA‐6), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and low‐density polyethylene (LDPE). Complementary methods verified that the desired size range is achieved both in number metrics and in mass metrics. To assess if the test materials are representative of their original plastic, a range of molecular properties, particle properties, and impurities are characterized: chemical composition, molecular weight, crystallinity, molecular mobility, density, surface charge, surface reactivity, particle size in mass and number metrics, particle shape, endotoxin content, and solvent content. The test materials obtained by precipitation are compared to commercial granules as references, and to alternative test materials obtained by other synthesis routes from LDPE, TPU, PET, PA‐6, polystyrene (PS), and polyvinylchloride (PVC). Charge and surface reactivity of the precipitated test materials are low. Due to storage in water, microbial contamination needed to be monitored. For PET, PA‐6, and TPU, the test materials are considered as representative and fit for purpose, whereas the inherent hydrophobicity of LDPE imposed strong aggregation.

Dipole molecules (DMs) show great potential in defect passivation for printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells (p‐MPSCs), although the crystallization process of p‐MPSCs is more intricate and challenging than planar perovskite solar cells. In this work, a series of non‐volatile multifunctional DMs are employed as additives to enhance the crystallization of perovskites and improve both the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of the devices. This enhancement is achieved by regulating the side groups of benzoic acid molecules with the electron‐donating groups such as guanidine (─NH─C(═NH)─NH2), amino (─NH2) and formamidine (─C(═NH)─NH2). DMs form hydrogen bond interactions with the organic cations of perovskite and establish electrostatic interactions with PbI6⁴⁻. The synergistic effect of these interactions suppresses PbI2 formation, enhances perovskite film crystalline quality, reduces perovskite crystal defect density, mitigates non‐radiative recombination, and effectively enhances carrier transfer and extraction efficiency. Furthermore, the incorporation of DMs leads to a reconstruction of the perovskite film surface energy level, thereby enhancing hole extraction efficiency at the perovskite/carbon electrode interface. The optimized p‐MPSCs achieve a PCE of 19.23%. The unencapsulated device demonstrates promising long‐term storage stability, retaining 91% of the original PCE after 1440 h of aging at 40 ± 5% relative humidity and 30 ± 5 °C.

Dielectric nanocomposites have garnered significant interest owing to their potential applications in energy storage. However, achieving high energy density (Ue) and charge/discharge efficiency (η) remains a challenge in their fabrication. In this paper, core‐shell structured BaTiO3@Polyvinylpyrrolidone (BT@PVP) nanoparticles are prepared, and incorporated into a semi‐crystalline polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) matrix. The BT@PVP/PVDF nanocomposite film loaded with 5 vol.% BT@PVP nanoparticles show a maximum Ue of 18.39 J cm⁻³ at 458 MV m⁻¹, which is almost 4 and 9 times greater than those of BT/PVDF (5.14 J cm⁻³ at 303 MV m⁻¹) and biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) (2 J cm⁻³ at 640 MV m⁻¹), respectively. Notably, the highest charge/discharge efficiency of 79.80% has been achieved so far for ferroelectric inorganic‐filled PVDF composites. The reason why there are such excellent performances is mainly because of the interface coupling of inorganic–organic nanocomposite film and PVDF β phase transition with coating and extrusion of PVP molecules and large polarization of BT respectively. This research introduces a convenient and effective approach to designing high‐performance dielectric polymer nanocomposites.

The manufacturing of thin films through selective laser sintering of micro/nanoparticles is an emerging technology that has been developing rapidly over the last two decades owing to its digitization, efficiency, and good adaptability to various materials. However, high‐quality laser sintering of different materials remains a challenge: ceramic particles are difficult to be sintered due to low absorbance; metallic particles are prone to oxidation; semiconductor particles are difficult to process for performance enhancement due to high stress. In this work, a new approach is proposed that employs an additional Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) sacrificial layer to assist laser sintering of different functional materials, which detaches after sintering without contaminating the target material. As a laser absorber, the ITO layer can raise the sintering temperature up to 2950 K, resulting in well coarsening of ceramic grains. As an oxygen barrier, the ITO layer maintains the oxidation level of the metal die below 25%. As a temperature homogenizer, the ITO layer delays the cracking and improves the performance of the semiconductor material, which in turn increases its Seebeck factor to 1.4‐fold. Therefore, the ITO sacrificial layer is a material‐friendly, purity‐neutral laser sintering strategy, which supports laser sintering of multi‐materials and high‐performance thin‐film devices.

Innovative design strategies of fog harvesting devices (FHDs) demonstrate promising remedy for water crisis in arid areas. 1D FHDs ensure unimpeded wind circulation and can be manufactured more cost‐effectively for extensive regions. Inspired by cactus thorns, desert beetles, and spider silk, two metal organic frameworks (MOFs) functionalized Cu wires with opposite wettability are double‐twisted by a mechanical twisting machine, forming 1D double‐spiral Cu wires with alternating superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic dual‐MOF patterns. The biomimic integration design, namely conical microneedle, stripe‐patterned contrasting wettability, and double‐spiral geometry, allows for efficient fog water collection due to a collaborative process. Based on such multi‐cooperation theory, the optimal fog collection efficiency of dual‐MOF functionalized double‐spiral Cu wires can reach 0.293 ± 0.013 g cm⁻² min⁻¹ by investigating the effect of the composition, the diameter ratio and twisting wavelength λ of the two constituent wires. The double‐spiral metal wires with discrepant wettability not only propose a facile and cost‐effective method for fog harvesting, but also share new physical insight to inspire novel design concepts for efficient fog collection devices, benefitting the fight against the global water crisis.

Developing single‐particle nanocomposite with aqueous‐phase orthogonal multicolor phosphorescence or multimodal luminescence holds great significance for optical coding, anti‐counterfeiting encryption, bioimaging, and biosensing. However, it faces challenges such as a limited range of emission wavelengths and difficulties in controlling the synthesis process. In this work, a conjugate structure manipulation integrated luminophor confinement strategy is proposed to prepare carbon dots@upconversion nanoparticles (CDs@UCNPs) featuring aqueous‐phase orthogonal multicolor room‐temperature phosphorescence‐upconversion luminescence (RTP‐UCL) through wet‐chemical synthetic methods. Four types of CDs are synthesized by introducing molecules with varying degrees of conjugation, while the intersystem crossing process is enhanced by constructing charge‐transfer states to narrow the energy gap between the excited singlet and triplet states. Aqueous‐phase orthogonal multicolor RTP (green, yellow, and orange) and UCL (blue, green, yellow, and red) are achieved by confining CDs with different conjugation degrees within a NaBiF4 matrix doped with various lanthanide ions. Notably, NaBiF4 UCNPs can crystallize at low temperatures, serving as a matrix to immobilize CDs, thereby preventing their vibration and rotation, and minimizing interference from water and oxygen. Additionally, the versatility of this strategy is demonstrated by constructing multicolor CDs@Cs2NaGdCl6: 5%Yb³⁺,10%Er³⁺ perovskite nanocomposites. This strategy offers valuable guidance for the preparation of advanced aqueous‐phase orthogonal multicolor materials.

Enhancing the catalytic performance and durability of M‐N─C catalyst is crucial for the efficient operation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and Zn‐Air batteries (ZABs). Herein, an approach is developed for the in situ fabrication of a MOFs‐derived porous carbon material, co‐loaded with Co nanoparticles (NPs) and Co‐Nx sites and integrated onto Fe‐doped carbon nanotubes (CNTs), named CoNP/SA‐NC/Fe‐NCNTs. Incorporating polymer‐wrapped CNTs improves MOFs dispersion annealing at high temperature, which amplifies the three‐phase boundary (TPB) by generating much more mesopores and exposing additional active sites within the catalysts layer. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that the presence of Co NPs promotes the conversion of oxygen‐containing intermediates for Co‐Nx sites. The optimized catalysts display a half‐wave potential of 0.9 V (vs RHE) for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and a low overpotential of 327 mV at 10 mA cm⁻² for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline media, which significantly outperforms the counterpart single structure, as well as noble‐metal‐based catalysts. Specifically, the PEMFCs and ZABs derived from CoNP/SA‐NC/Fe‐NCNTs catalyst exhibit power densities of 702 and 192 mW cm⁻², respectively. This work offers novel insights into the synthesis of the composited bifunctional carbon materials for ZABs and PEMFCs application.

Although classical fluorescent dyes feature advantages of high quantum yield, tunable “OFF‐ON” fluorescence, and modifiable chemical structures, etc., their bio‐applications in deep tissue remains challenging due to their excessively short emission wavelength (that may lead to superficial tissue penetration depth). Therefore, there is a pressing need for pushing the wavelength of classical dyes from visible region to NIR‐II window. As a representative classical dye, the 2′,7′‐Dichlorofluorescein (DCF), a derivative of Fluorescein, is selected and rationally engineered to develop a novel NIR‐II platform, CR‐OH, which exhibits a substantial red‐shift in the wavelength from the visible region to the NIR‐II region. This achievement is attributed to molecular modification strategies that include extending π‐conjugation, enhancing molecular rigidity, and incorporating strong electron‐withdrawing groups. Furthermore, based on this developed NIR‐II platform, a NIR‐II fluorescence probe and a photothermal nanoagent are successfully constructed to unlock its bio‐application in the NIR‐II fluorescence imaging of endogenous O2·– fluctuations in a CIRI model for the first time, as well as effective photothermal therapy for 4T1 tumors with a high photothermal conversion efficiency (44.0%). Significantly, this work overcomes the wavelength limitation of classical dyes, effectively unlocking their applications for the diagnosis and treatment of early disease in the NIR‐II window.

Effectual CH4 reclamation from CH4/N2 blends by existing physisorbents in industrialization confronts the adversity of frustrated separation performance, weak structural strength, and restricted scale‐up preparation. To solve aforesaid bottlenecks, herein, a strategy is presented to fabricate synergistic strong recognition binding sites in a robust and scalable optimum Cu(pma)2 with ultramicroporous feature regarding superb CH4 separation versus N2. By virtue of the synergistic contribution of multiple affinities accompanied by enormous potential field overlap of pore restriction, it imparts strong recognition binding toward CH4 molecules. Equilibrium adsorption bears a record KH, CH4 (88.2 cm³(STP) g⁻¹ bar⁻¹), CH4 uptake (48.5 cm³(STP) g⁻¹ bar⁻¹), CH4 stacking density (303.9 g L⁻¹), separation potential (1.52 mol L⁻¹) coexisting with one of the highest CH4/N2 selectivity (11.5) and Q0 st, CH4 (29.8 kJ mol⁻¹) hitherto, authorizing a novel benchmark. Thermodynamically driven separation mechanisms within Cu(pma)2‐established synergy of strong recognition forces are deciphered by in situ PXRD and FT‐IR combined with theoretical studies. The breakthrough effect of the highest CH4 dynamic uptake (28.8 cm³(STP) g⁻¹) in cooperation with exceptional recyclability and easy synthesis scalability under ambient conditions strengthened the attractiveness of Cu(pma)2.

Iontronic memtransistors have emerged as technologically superior to conventional memristors for neuromorphic applications due to their low operating voltage, additional gate control, and enhanced energy efficiency. In this study, a side‐gated iontronic organic memtransistor (SG‐IOMT) device is explored as a potential energy‐efficient hardware building block for fast neuromorphic computing. Its operational flexibility, which encompasses the complex integration of redox activities, ion dynamics, and polaron generation, makes this device intriguing for simultaneous information storage and processing, as it effectively overcomes the von Neumann bottleneck of conventional computing. The SG‐IOMT device achieves linear channel conductance performance metrics with switching speeds in the microsecond range and energy efficiency down to a few femtojoules, comparable to those of the brain. This finding demonstrates robustness, supporting the Atkinson–Shiffrin memorization model, and the four most common Hebbian learning rules. Overall, this SG‐IOMT device architecture offers significant advantages over conventional architectures, as it yields remarkable image classification performance in convolutional neural network simulations.

Oligonucleotide therapeutics, including antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNA, offer promising avenues for modulating the expression of disease‐associated proteins. However, challenges such as nuclease degradation, poor cellular uptake, and unspecific targeting hinder their application. To overcome these obstacles, spherical nucleic acids have emerged as versatile tools for nucleic acid delivery in biomedical applications. Our laboratory has introduced sequence‐defined DNA amphiphiles which self‐assemble in aqueous solutions. Despite their advantages, self‐assembled SNAs can be inherently fragile due to their reliance on non‐covalent interactions and fall apart in biologically relevant conditions, specifically by interaction with serum proteins. Herein, this challenge is addressed by introducing two methods of covalent crosslinking of SNAs via UV irradiation. Thymine photodimerization or disulfide crosslinking at the micellar interface enhance SNA stability against human serum albumin binding. This enhanced stability, particularly for disulfide crosslinked SNAs, leads to increased cellular uptake. Furthermore, this crosslinking results in sustained activity and accessibility for release of the therapeutic nucleic acid, along with improvement in unaided gene silencing. The findings demonstrate the efficient stabilization of SNAs through UV crosslinking, influencing their cellular uptake, therapeutic release, and ultimately, gene silencing activity. These studies offer promising avenues for further optimization and exploration of pre‐clinical, in vivo studies.

The irreversible lattice oxygen release is the primary issue in layered oxide cathodes which is generally attributed to a consecutive phase transition with less lattice oxygen content. Herein, an anomalous metal segregation pathway is observed in oxygen vacancy defective layered cathodes, which happens far before the onset of phase transitions. The correlation of electron energy loss spectroscopy indicates that an early charge transfer from oxygen 2p to Mn 3d orbital is responsible. It further reveals a specific local vacancy heterogeneity that significantly lowers the migration barrier of Mn. This is further supported by the density functional theory simulations. In fact, the oxygen release is always initiated from the defective crystal, which alters the general degradation pathway initiated from the perfect crystal. This work shed light on the critical role of the local oxygen vacancy heterogeneity in the phase degradation of layered cathodes.

The etch‐engineering is a feasible avenue to tailor the layer number and morphology of 2D layered materials during the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth. However, less reports strengthen the etch‐engineering used in the fabrication of high‐quality transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) materials with tunable layers and desirable morphologies to improve their prominent performance in electronic and optoelectronic devices. Here, an etching‐and‐growth coexistence method is reported to directly synthesize high‐quality, high‐symmetric MoS2 bilayers with versatile morphologies via CVD. The growth mechanism is intensively elucidated through analyzing the carrier Ar perturbation associated with the precursor concentration variations, revealing four growth stages including the growth‐priority, local‐etching, equilibrium of etching and growth, and etching‐priority. The as‐grown polygonal bilayer MoS2 exhibits a uniform characteristic, attributed to the formation of the high‐quality single crystal bilayer MoS2 owing to the limitation of the multigrain generation. The work not only enriches the understanding of the growth mechanism of the direct fabrication of TMD materials, but also offers a controllable protocol to engineer their morphologies and the shapes, which can benefit their applications in the electronic and optoelectronic devices.

Diabetic ulcers (DUs) are characterized by a microenvironment with high oxidative stress, high blood glucose levels, and recalcitrant bacterial infections. This microenvironment is accompanied by long‐term suppression of endogenous antioxidant systems, which makes their clinical management extremely challenging. To address this issue, a hybridized novel gold‐palladium (AuPd) nanoshell of the injectable/injectable hydrogel system UiO/AuPdshells/BNN6/PEG@Gel (UAPsBP@Gel) is developed. The system is capable of acting as a nitric oxide (NO) reactor utilizing synergistic therapy that harnesses NIR‐II light‐triggered photothermal effects and controlled release of NO gas for synergistic treatment to eradicate biofilm infections at different depths. The AuPd nanoshells exhibits superoxide dismutase (SOD)‐, glucose oxidase (GOx)‐, and catalase (CAT)‐like activities, enabling self‐cascade process for scavenging both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glucose. This activity reshapes the DUs microenvironment, switches on the endogenous antioxidant Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway and inhibits the NF‐κB pathway, promotes macrophage polarization toward the anti‐inflammatory M2 phenotype, and reduces oxidative stress, resulting in efficient immunomodulation. In vitro/in vivo results demonstrate that the UAPsBP@Gel can multifacetedly enhance the epithelial rejuvenation process through wound hemostasis, pro‐cellular migration and vascularization. These results highlight that a programmed therapeutic based on UBAPsP@Gel tailored to the different stages of infected DUs can meet complex clinical needs.

Mn‐containing sodium superionic conductor (NASICON) compounds have shown considerable potential as cathode for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) owing to higher working voltage (V⁵⁺/V⁴⁺: 3.9 V), lower cost, and lower toxicity compared to full vanadium‐based NASICON Na3V2(PO4)3. Taking Na3.3V1.7Mn0.3(PO4)3 (NVMP) as an example, its practical application is still restricted by poor electronic conductivity, sluggish intrinsic Na⁺ diffusion, and poor high‐voltage stability. In this work, a high entropy strategy is proposed to develop Na3.3V1.613Mn0.3(Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Zr)0.1(PO4)3 (HE‐NVMP) cathode for not only enabling more and rapid Na⁺ migration but also significantly improving deep desodiation stability. Based on theoretical calculations and experimental findings, such high entropy modification can efficiently alter the coordination environments of both V/Mn and Na sites for reducing Na⁺ diffusion energy barrier, increasing the occupancy of Na⁺ at Na(2) sites, and consolidating the structure stability. Thus, the obtained HE‐NVMP delivers superior high‐rate capability (91.7 mAh g⁻¹) up to 50 C and excellent cycling performance (capacity retention: 81.2%) after 10 000 cycles at 20 C at the cutoff voltage of 4.1 V. More importantly, such cathode also exhibits superior sodium storage properties at a higher cutoff voltage (4.5 V) with electrochemical polarization with 75% reduction at 1 C and higher capacity retention of 80.3% after 2000 cycles at 20 C compared to pristine counterpart, indicating a great potential for practical rechargeable batteries with excellent overcharge resistance capability.

Although Silicon monoxide (SiO) is regarded as the most promising next‐generation anode material, the large volume expansion, poor conductivity, and low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) severely hamper its commercialization application. Designing a multilayer conductive skeleton combined with advanced prelithiation technology is considered an effective approach to address these problems. Herein, a reliable strategy is proposed that utilizes MXene and carbon nanotube (CNT) as dual‐conductive skeletons to encapsulate SiO through simple electrostatic interaction for high‐performance anodes in LIBs, while also performing chemical prelithiation. Various characterizations and electrochemical measurements indicate that both MXene and CNT, as conductive networks and buffer interfaces, synergistically enhance the electron transport and lithium storage properties of the electrode. Moreover, the chemical prelithiation process effectively improves the ICE and cycling stability. Consequently, the prepared SiO@MXene@CNT anode delivers a high capacity of 1032 mAh g⁻¹ after 200 cycles at 200 mA g⁻¹ and an ultrahigh capacity retention rate of 89.5% beyond 1000 cycles at 1000 mA g⁻¹. More importantly, the ICE of the SiO@MXene@CNT anode increases from 65.1% to 92.3% after chemical prelithiation. The work opens a new avenue for significantly improving the lithium storage performance of SiO‐based anodes and is expected to promote their commercialization progress.

To achieve efficient size tuning of printed microstructures on insulating substrates, an integrated process parameter intelligent optimization design framework for alternating current pulse modulation electrohydrodynamic (AC‐EHD) printing is proposed for the first time. The framework is comprised of two stages: the construction of a prediction model and the acquisition of process parameters. The first stage employs the elk herd optimizer(EHO)‐artificial neural network(ANN) to establish a mapping relationship between printing process parameters and the size of deposited droplets. The analysis of the prediction performance of the EHO‐ANN model across various datasets reveals that the model exhibits commendable accuracy and robustness in predicting printed droplet size. In the second stage, the process parameters of AC‐EHD printing are intelligently determined by utilizing the error between the model output and the desired droplet size as the fitness value for EHO. By comparing three sets of experimental cases with varying droplet sizes, it is observed that the actual printed droplet sizes closely align with the desired values, thus validating the effectiveness of this framework. The framework proposed in this paper mitigates the time and material wastage caused by adjusting AC‐EHD printing process parameters on insulating substrates, thereby significantly enhancing the usability of the technology.

Glutathione serves as a common biomarkers in tumor diagnosis and treatment. The levels of its intracellular concentration permit detailed investigation of the tumor microenvironment. However, low polarization and weak Raman scattering cross‐section make direct and indirect Raman detection challenging. This study designs an amorphous‐crystalline urchin‐like TiO2 (AC‐UL‐TiO2) for the accurate identification of GSH and GSSG. By synergistically regulating the crystalline core and amorphous shell, the bandgap structure is optimized, thereby enhancing charge transfer efficiency. AC‐UL‐TiO2 demonstrates excellent SERS performance in detecting dye molecules with good selectivity for mixed analytes. The enhancement factor (EF) for R6G is 6.89 × 10⁶, and the limit of detection (LOD) is 10⁻¹⁰ M. A SERS‐colorimetric dual‐modality platform is developed based on the AC‐UL‐TiO2@DTNB system to accurately monitor GSH concentrations from 0 to 1000 µM, providing a robust dual‐confirmation result. Importantly, combined with the principal component analysis method, the AC‐UL‐TiO2 SERS platform can directly distinguish GSH and GSSG molecules. Besides, direct SERS detection LOD for GSH and GSSG are 10⁻⁸ M, which is 100 times higher than that of indirect detection. These findings indicate that AC‐UL‐TiO2 holds potential for biomarkers trace detection in tumor microenvironments.

The controlled binding of proteins on nanoparticle surfaces remains a grand challenge required for many applications ranging from biomedical to energy storage. The difficulty in achieving this ability arises from the different functional groups of the biomolecule that can adsorb on the nanoparticle surface. While most proteins can only adopt a single structure, metamorphic proteins can access at least two different conformations, which presents intriguing opportunities to exploit such structural variations for binding to nanoparticles. Such effects are examined using calmodulin, a sensing messenger protein, that can adopt two conformations based on Ca²⁺ binding. The affinity of the apo and holo forms of the protein for Au is examined using a highly integrated set of experimental and computation studies, which demonstrated significantly enhanced binding for the holo protein as compared to the apo. Such effects are proposed to arise from changes in the protein structure, which lead to substantially varied biomolecular surfaces that facilitate both Au adsorption and protein‐protein assembly once adsorbed. Such studies provide critical information for protein structural design to control nanoparticle adsorption for wide‐ranging applications.

The behavior of vicinal Si(001) surfaces are a subject of intense research for years, yet the mechanism behind its step modulation remains unresolved. Step B, in particular, can meander randomly or form a periodic zigzag profile, a surface phenomenon that has eluded explanation due to the lack of appropriate simulation tools. Here, a multiscale simulation strategy, enhanced by machine learning potentials are proposed, to investigate this mesoscale behavior. The study reveals a phase transition in the step profile on vicinal Si(001) surfaces from random meandering to a zigzag wave pattern as the miscut angle decreases. This step‐profile transition is corroborated by Monte Carlo simulations and experimental observations. Remarkably, this transition is robust across various surface conditions, including bare, hydrogen‐saturated, boron‐doped, or strained surfaces. The findings resolve the long‐standing puzzle of step polymorphism on vicinal Si(001) surfaces and pave the way for exploring mesoscale phenomena using multiscale simulations.

A novel polymer electrolyte based on CsPbI3 quantum dots (QDs) reinforced polyacrylonitrile (PAN), named as PIL, is exploited to address the low room‐temperature (RT) ion conductivity and poor interfacial compatibility of polymer solid‐state electrolytes. After optimizing the content of CsPbI3 QDs, RT ion conductivity of PIL largely increased from 0.077 to 0.56 mS cm⁻¹, and its Li‐ion transference number (τLi+${{\tau }_{{\mathrm{L}}{{{\mathrm{i}}}^ + }}}$) from 0.20 to 0.63. It is revealed that the synergistic enhancement of Li‐ion transport and interface stability is realized by CsPbI3 QDs through Lewis acid–base interaction, ordered polarization of PAN, and interface chemical regulation. These two effects guarantee the robust solid‐electrolyte interface (SEI) in PIL‐based solid‐state batteries. Consequently, PIL electrolyte enables solid‐state Li‐metal batteries to deliver extraordinary RT cycling performance as verified by excellent cycling stability (>2000 h at 0.1 mA cm⁻²) of Li|PIL|Li symmetric batteries. Moreover, Li|PIL|LFP (LFP is LiFePO4) and Li|PIL|NCM811 (NCM811 is Li(Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1)O2) batteries maintain capacity retention of 81.2% and 77.9%, respectively, after 600 cycles at 0.5 C, as well as good rate‐capability and very high Coulombic efficiency at RT.

Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) has garnered significant attention in the field of tumor therapy due to its ability to convert overexpressed hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in tumors into highly toxic hydroxyl radicals (•OH) through metal ion‐mediated catalysis. However, the effectiveness of CDT is hindered by low catalyst efficiency, insufficient intra‐tumor H2O2 level, and excessive glutathione (GSH). In this study, a pH/GSH dual responsive bimetallic nanocatalytic system (CuFeMOF@GOx@Mem) is developed by modifying red blood cell membranes onto glucose oxidase (GOx)‐loaded Fe‐Cu bimetallic MOFs, enhancing the efficacy of CDT through a triple‐enhanced way by H2O2 self‐supply, catalysts self‐cycling, and GSH self‐elimination. Upon accumulation in tumor tissues facilitated by the red blood cell membrane, the GOx initiates a reaction with glucose to generate H2O2 and gluconic acid in situ. Subsequently, the reduced pH triggers the release of Fe³⁺ and Cu²⁺ from CuFeMOF@GOx@Mem, which is immediately turned into Fe²⁺ and Cu⁺ by GSH, activating the Fe²⁺‐mediated Fenton reaction. More importantly, Cu⁺ can also act as an accelerator of Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺ conversion, meanwhile, the generated Cu²⁺ can be further reduced to Cu⁺ by GSH. Consequently, sustained accumulation of H2O2 and Fe²⁺ as well as sustained elimination of GSH are achieved simultaneously, providing a unique approach for improving the anti‐tumor ability of CDT.

The design and fabrication of nanocatalysts with high accessibility and sintering resistance remain significant challenges in heterogeneous electrocatalysis. Herein, a novel catalyst is introduced that combines electronic pumping with alloy crystal facet engineering. At the nanoscale, the electronic pump leverages the chemical potential difference to drive electron migration from one region to another, separating and transferring electron‐hole pairs. This mechanism accelerates the reaction kinetics and improves the reaction rate. The interface electronic structure optimization enables the CoFe/carbon nanotube (CNT) catalyst to exhibit outstanding oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance. Specifically, this catalyst achieves an ORR half‐wave potential (E₁/₂) of 0.895 V, outperforming standard Pt/C and RuO₂ electrocatalysts in terms of both specific activity and stability. It also demonstrates excellent electrochemical performance for OER, with an overpotential of only 287 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm⁻². Theoretical calculations reveal that the carefully designed crystal facets reduce the energy barrier of the rate‐determining steps for both ORR and OER, optimizing O₂ adsorption and promoting the oxygen capture process. This study highlights the potential of developing cost‐effective bifunctional ORR–OER electrocatalysts, offering a promising strategy for advancing Zn–air battery technology.

Building 2D/3D heterojunction is a promising approach to passivate surface defects and improve the stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Developing effective methods to build high‐quality 2D/3D heterojunction is in demand. The formation of 2D/3D heterojunction involves both the diffusion of 2D spacer molecules and phase transition from 3D to 2D structure. Herein, a DMSO‐assisted method is demonstrated to simultaneously regulate both the 2D/3D formation kinetics, yielding high‐quality 2D top layer with continuous coverage, which enhances the photovoltaic performance of PSCs. It is found that the presence of DMSO significantly facilitates the diffusion of 2D spacer cation. Meanwhile the residual DMSO may partially dissolve the surface perovskite, facilitating the reaction between 2D molecules with 3D perovskite and ultimately leading to sequential secondary crystal growth and the appearance of a distinct 2D layer. The formation of high‐quality 2D layer effectively passivates the surface defects thus suppresses the interfacial charge recombination. As a result, the champion PSC based on optimal 2D/3D heterojunction exhibits a high fill factor of 85% and a power conversion efficiency of 24%. The work offers a novel perspective for the construction of 2D/3D perovskite heterojunctions.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), known for their exceptional in situ encapsulation and precise release capabilities, are emerging as pioneering drug delivery systems. This study introduces a hypoxia‐responsive COF designed to encapsulate the chemotherapy drug gambogic acid (GA) in situ. Bimetallic gold‐palladium islands were grown on UiO‐66‐NH2 (UiO) to form UiO@Au‐Pdislands (UAPi), which were encapsulated with GA through COF membrane formation, resulting in a core‐shell structure (UAPiGC). Further modification with hyaluronic acid (HA) created UiO@Au‐Pdislands@GA‐COF@HA (UAPiGCH) for enhanced tumor targeting. In the hypoxic tumor microenvironment, the COF collapses, releasing GA and UAPi, initiating a triple therapeutic response: nanozyme‐catalyzed therapy, near‐infrared II (NIR‐II) mild photothermal therapy (mild‐PTT), and chemotherapy. UAPi exhibits catalase (CAT)‐like and peroxidase (POD)‐like activities, generating oxygen to alleviate hypoxia and reactive oxygen species (ROS) for tumor destruction. GA acts as a chemotherapeutic agent and inhibits heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), enhancing photothermal sensitivity. In vitro and in vivo studies confirm UAPiGCH’s ability to induce pyroptosis, stimulate dendritic cell maturation, and boost T cell infiltration, demonstrating its potential as a precise therapeutic nanoplatform. This strategy integrates multiple therapies into a hypoxia‐responsive system, offering promising applications in cancer treatment.