The veterinary aspects of public administration in the trade of hunting and fishing products in Galicia of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries are considered. The influence of the legislative acts of Galicia and the Second Commonwealth on the part of trade in hunting and fishing products that had a decisive influence on the consumption of quality products on the domestic market was studied. The international treaties between the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the countries of Europe, which regulated the quality and safety of hunting and fishing products, were covered. It was established that the experience of European countries was also used in Galicia. The activity of the bodies of the state executive power, local self-government, public organizations, organizations engaged in trade in the part of law enforcement of the veterinary component has been analyzed. The contemporary scientific literature illustrating the quality problems of food hunting products was illustrated. The role of the Lviv Veterinary Academy and the Irrigation Academy in Dublyany in the organization of methodical and practical provision of veterinary supervision in Galicia was analyzed.
As for the civil service in Ukraine, we can identify a number of innovations aimed at improving the performance and ensuring the quality of civil service, namely: separation of administrative and political positions; clarification of the legal status of a civil servant; separation of civil service from political activity; establishing an exhaustive list of persons who are not subjected to the civil service legislation; introduction of a new approach to the classification of civil servants’ positions; a competency-based approach to the selection of candidates for the civil service; defining legislatively common approaches to entry, performance and separation from civil service; improving professional skills and professional training of civil servants, their labor remuneration, bonus payments and encouragement, as well as disciplinary responsibility.
Reforming the civil service legislation has become the most important step towards the public administration reform. Constant changes and amendments to the newly adopted legislation signify about it imperfection. Nevertheless, it should be noted that legislators and reformers are moving in the right direction.
The data analyzed in the article show that Ukraine has come a long way from the Soviet civil service legacy. However, it is still in the middle of the road: these achievements must be supported by continuous efforts to render them irreversible and significantly improve the efficiency of public administration.
The analysis of the sources in the article shows that the ideal picture of a public servant should correspond to his real perception. In fact, the public perception of civil servants in Ukraine is quite negative, as people see a striking difference between the reality and the ideal mentioned above. It turned out that the public servant, according to public perception, lacked almost all the necessary features. This demonstrates the enormous problems with civil servants in Ukraine due to the mismatch between public perception and the ideal image of a public servant. Thus, statistics show that the majority of respondents (about 70 percent) said that a Ukrainian civil servant is poorly qualified, tends to avoid solving complex cases, impatiently violates the law, demonstrates low respect for customers, is not trustworthy, is biased and interested in his own interests (puts one's own interests ahead of the public), non-result oriented, etc.
The article concludes that public service reform in Ukraine should be supported not only by political measures that enhance the professionalism of employees, but also include procedures for changing public attitudes towards them. The negative perception of civil servants can be closely linked to the civil service itself: Ukrainians perceive it as a corrupt and bureaucratic institution that breaks innovation, does not care about cost-effectiveness, and does not perceive positive change.
У статті зібрано, узагальнено та проаналізовано статистику і динаміку вітчизняних дисертаційних досліджень з державного управління у період з 2015 по 2019 роки за кількома показниками. Серед них маємо наукові ступені та спеціальності з державного управління, сфери, рівні та засоби управлінського впливу, спеціалізовані вчені ради, де вони відбулися, рівні консультування та керівництва дисертаціями, їх зв’язок з практикою публічного управління. Виявлено низку позитивних тенденцій, зокрема: зростання кількості й помітне переважання за цим показником досліджень державного рівня, а також тих, що спрямовані на вирішення проблем і завдань державотворення; зростання рівня різноманіття тематики та зв’язку з практикою; зменшення кількості робіт широкого профілю з досліджень державної політики та їх дублювання за тематикою; суттєве зменшення відсотку непрофільного консультування докторських дисертацій та керівництва кандидатськими дисертаціями; активна робота нових спеціалізованих вчених рад на фоні збереження лідерства Національної академії державного управління при Президентові України та її регіональних інститутів з державного управління за більшістю з розглянутих показників. В той же час, ще залишаються окремі прояви низької якості захищених дисертацій. Для упередження таких ситуацій необхідно й надалі посилювати принциповість та професіоналізм спеціалізованих вчених рад. Запропоновано для підвищення рівня експертизи, обмежити роботу рад не більше ніж одним засіданням на місяць. Також слід додатково впровадити механізм, схожий на умовну акредитацію освітніх програм, шляхом повернення за рішенням колегії дисертації на виправлення недоліків до спеціалізованої вченої ради з вимогою повторного її захисту не раніше, ніж через рік. З метою реального підвищення рівня зв’язку дисертаційних досліджень з практикою публічного управління рекомендовано здійснювати вибір тематики дисертацій у прив’язці до перспективних планів законодавчої роботи, прогнозування та стратегічного планування, державного програмування розвитку суспільних сфер, галузей і територій.
Перехід до Індустрії 4.0 передбачає використання інноваційного потенціалу, який також визначається інституційним середовищем, зокрема рівнем корупції та її сприйняттям. Посткомуністичні країни Центральної та Східної Європи характеризуються вищим рівнем корупції та більшою часткою тіньової економіки, що може фундаментально знизити їхній інноваційний потенціал і таким чином стати гальмом переходу до Індустрії 4.0. Таким чином, мета цієї статті полягає в тому, щоб оцінити вплив корупції в державному управлінні на розмір і структуру тіньової економіки, а також визначити, чи може наявність корупції вплинути на перехід країни та суспільства до Індустрії 4.0. У статті встановлено, що корупція в державному управлінні має набагато більш руйнівний і довгостроковий вплив на накопичення капіталу, ніж на чисельність робочої сили. У цьому сенсі корупція може стати суттєвою перешкодою для переходу, підкреслюючи, що завдання державної політики полягає не лише в підтримці цифровізації, роботизації та подальшого розвитку технологій, але особливо в забезпеченні прозорого некорупційного середовища державного управління.
The article is devoted to the analysis of programs, reforms and measures on the path of Ukraine to sustainable development and overcoming corruption.
Corruption hinders development around the world. Corruption also undermines confidence in the government, promotes poverty, increasing instability in society and inequality. A significant reduction in the level of corruption is a key commitment of the United Nations and its members to the "Goals of Sustainable Development". Ensuring a constructive dialogue between the various stakeholders is the basis of sustainable development, where civil society can complement and verify the activities of the authorities. At present, civil society messages are largely ignored by the authorities, and the main weaknesses in governance remain unresolved. An important feature of this interaction should be the public's desire and assistance from the state in attracting citizens to participate in the management of state affairs, providing them with an opportunity for free access to information on the activities of state authorities and local self-government, ensuring publicity, openness and transparency of government activities. At present, there are many gaps in the Ukrainian legislation, sometimes artificially created by the authorities for abuse of power, corruption, limiting the role of civil society in controlling the activities of state authorities and curtailing democratic processes in the state. Public administration should be based on the principles of the rule of law, equality of citizens before the law, the integrity and transparency of the authorities, and its priority should be the protection of the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of citizens, national interests of Ukraine, one of the most important among which is the struggle with such a powerful internal threat as corruption in public administration.
The contribution of foreign and domestic researchers to the study of problems of professional and communicative culture is analyzed in the article. Considerable attention is paid to the characterization of the specifics of the reform of the professional and communicative culture in Ukraine in the context of decentralization of power and the implementation of Euro-Atlantic criteria and standards. The external and internal factors of influence on the reform of the professional and communicative culture among public administration employees and administrators are illustrated.
Particular attention is paid to reflecting the search for ways and implementing positive first steps for the creative implementation in Ukraine of the experience of EU member countries, in particular representatives of the Visegrad Group (Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary) in improving management services through the reform of professional and communicative culture.
In the course of characterizing the mechanisms of the influence of the quality of the professional and communicative culture of representatives of public administration and administration, attention is focused on the relevance of the problem associated with the existence of a hybrid war, the annexation of the Crimea, the occupation of Donbass and the presence of a zone of environmental protection.
These and other arguments that necessitate the concentration of efforts by representatives of state authorities and officials of local self-government bodies in the course of reforming the professional and communicative culture, with the need to strengthen the security and defense of the Ukrainian state.
Conclusions, formulated elements of further reforming and updating the systems for the implementation of a professional and communicative culture will be of interest to public administration employees, state and public figures, scientists and all those who care for the effectiveness of professional and communicative culture in the process of decentralization of power and Euro-Atlantic processes in modern Ukraine.
The necessity of local self-government reforming was discussed in Ukraine more than 20 years, but attempts to implement have not been successful. Today decentralization of power and creation of capable territorial communities is not just desire to improve public administration, but a prerequisite for overcoming the political crisis that exists in Ukraine. The idea that today in Ukraine there is no single clear strategic line in the issue of creating capable territorial communities is actualized.
In the conditions of reforming of public administration and decentralization in Ukraine, the problem of scientific and methodological support of implemented reforms becomes especially urgent. The appearance of new processes in public administration leads to the creation of new mechanisms that have not been fully researched by scientists.
The article examines the essence of the mechanism of public administration of the process of creating capable communities on the basis of existing scientific approaches. In particular, the article deals with actual scientific approaches to the definition of terms "mechanism" and "mechanism of public administration". In addition, the article includes an analysis of existing scientific classifications of public administration mechanisms.
It is shown that the primary role among various mechanisms belongs to the legal mechanism as the most important tool for the creation of a legal framework and strategy of reforming local self-government in the country.
The article focuses on the need to define the essence of a new concrete mechanism of public administration - the mechanism of public administration of the process of creating capable communities that has appeared as a result of the process of decentralization of power in Ukraine. The essence of the mechanism of public administration of the process of creating capable communities and its place in the system of public administration mechanisms are defined.
The formation of Ukraine as a full-fledged competitive partner in the world civilization requires scientific substantiation of the principles of public administration, which can be interpreted as management, carried out on the basis of the will of the community (a collective of people) and implemented by community-defined actors, to meet the needs and achieve the goals of the community as an object of management, which in fact means the functioning and development of the collective of people.
The modern system of state and self-government management in Ukraine is undergoing a period of serious modernization due to the evolution of state-political factors of the improvement of mechanisms of social development, which is connected with the formation of a strong state, including all aspects of its development – economic, political, scientific, socio-cultural, and others.
That is why the article is devoted to an attempt to analyze the content and essence of the concept of «public management» in the context of the research carried out by domestic scientists and, accordingly, determine the patterns of its formation within the existing scientific traditions, which will serve as the basis for the further formation of a unified scientific and theoretical basis of public administration research in Ukraine.
The article reveals the concept of «public management» in the national scientific thought. The main factors that influenced the emergence of such a new form of government in the public sector as public administration were identified. The correlation between the concepts of «public management» and «public administration» is analyzed. Based on the analysis of the scientific views of domestic scientists, it is proved that the concept of «public administration» is not identical with the concept of «state administration», which is widely used in Ukraine. The identification of these concepts leads to a certain confusion in the sense of such phenomenon as «public administration», which is considered inadmissible in the context of the need to form a stable categorical apparatus. It is proved that these concepts should not be used as identical, they require a thorough study in Ukraine and systematization of existing work.
The necessity to study the process of formation of public administration in Ukraine, its specificity and the dynamics of the concept change and possible variants of development perspectives with the consideration of all possible trends in the field of management of the public and public sphere is substantiated. The use of the proposed approaches of domestic researchers regarding the notion and content of «public management» as a complex, multi-faceted and ambiguous phenomenon in the public sphere is one of the prerequisites for the formation of a common approach to understanding «public administration» in the context of certain aspects of public administration.
The article deals with the analysis of governmental system by sphere of the intellectual property in the conditions of the reforms being carried out at the present stage of formation of the state. The author presents and generalizes a short characteristic of stages of functioning of governmental system in the sphere of intellectual property during the period of independence of Ukraine. The article provides the analysis of operating system of the governmental administration by the intellectual property in Ukraine. The system and structure of the state bodies have been analysed, their powers have been defined, their characteristic is given and ways of interaction are pointed out. The importance of a direction of a state policy on elimination of duplication and dispersion of administrative functions in the intellectual property sphere has been defined. The necessity of improvement of quality and level of work of advisory and consultative bodies concerning formation of a unified state innovative policy, including in the intellectual property sphere has been specified. The formation of system of economic stimulus concerning creation and introduction of objects of intellectual property is an important task in this sphere of the public administration. The basic problems which demand their decision for possibility of improvement of system of the government intellectual property sphere have been defined in the article. The author reveals and points out the basic directions which development will allow to raise a level of innovations, to form a system of commercialization of objects of intellectual property and to form a civilised and legal market of such objects in Ukraine. It is established that reforming of system of the governmental administration in intellectual property sphere has led to the definition of additional directions and functions of bodies of public administration that should lead to construction of strategy of management by intellectual property in Ukraine at qualitatively new levels which will correspond to the international standards in the given sphere.
The article scientifically substantiates the system of S. Grof's condensed experience in the context of explaining the essence of constructive, neutral or destructive career potential of a person in the field of the State Tax Service of Ukraine. Attention focused on the importance of considering these indicators when evaluating candidates for civil service vacancies in the State Tax Service of Ukraine.
The author supports S. Grof's scientific thesis that in complex cooperation with the environment of a condensed experience system selectively affect a person's perception of himself and the world, as well as his feelings, ability to form ideas, and even many somatic processes.
It is argued that personality, as a system of motivational relations, is largely formed by the reactions of society to the behavior of a given individual. The level of emergence in a social system is not constant value and depends both on the tightness of relations between elements and on the character of these connections (solidarity, confrontation). The predominance of confrontation in the system leads to the formation of negative emergence, which is characterized by the absence of synergism and even the effect of additivity. For social systems, positive emergence (or a high level of emergence) is achieved when the following criteria are satisfied: the existence of unified goals of the subjects, unified values, norms and rules of behavior, and collective action.
We see the perspective of research in the development of a system for evaluating the career potential of public servants, including candidates for civil service positions.
У статті досліджується комплексна проблема організації та планування лікувально-евакуаційного забезпечення Збройних Сил України в умовах функціонування єдиного медичного простору та інтеграційних процесів. Зазначено що за своєю сутністю, система лікувально-евакуаційного забезпечення у країнах-членах НАТО передбачає сукупність невідкладних медичних, тактичних та евакуаційних заходів, що проводяться безпосередньо на полі бою, в тактичних польових умовах та протягом догоспітального і госпітального етапів надання медичної допомоги пораненому під час евакуації, спрямованих на усунення загрозливих для життя станів, запобігання розвитку тяжких ускладнень у відповідності з визначеними role of care: 1-4. Показано що суть сучасної системи лікувально-евакуаційного забезпечення поранених полягає у забезпеченні багаторівневої медичної евакуації за призначенням із використанням сил та засобів військових формувань, мобільних і стаціонарних військово-медичних закладів, максимального залучення існуючої мережі цивільних закладів охорони здоров’я, у тому числі - стратегічної евакуації для лікування та відновлення військовослужбовців за кордоном на основі партнерства України в рамках північно-атлантичного і євроатлантичного співробітництва з країнами-членами НАТО та країнами - партнерами. Доведено необхідність етапного планування і міжрівневої координації, а також важливість визначення та чіткого розмежування рівнів управління лікувально-евакуаційним забезпеченням та необхідних ресурсів у відповідності до Role/Echelon 1-4 medical support, що надасть можливість інтеграції системи медичного забезпечення військ не лише в єдиний медичний простір України, а й у єдиний медичний простір країн-членів НАТО. Формування дієвої системи лікувально-евакуаційного забезпечення відповідно до стандартів країн-членів НАТО зумовлює розробку нової концепції етапного планування і координації лікувально-евакуаційного забезпечення в бойових умовах, яка передбачає алгоритмізацію дій на різних рівнях управління, визначення відповідних робочих пакетів, ресурсних модулів для кожного етапу лікувально-евакуаційного забезпечення.
Finances in the international tourism are under the influence of globalization and integration processes the most dynamic development and becoming one of the influential factors on which it depends on growth of economy, increase of competitiveness of the country in world markets, improving the well-being of the population. Globalization refers to the process of globalization economic, political and cultural mutual rapprochement and education interconnections. The processes of globalization in the tourism market are characterized by change of technologies as change management approach, internationalization of business activity, modernization of transport infrastructure, the creation of a regulatory mechanism.
Effective state financial control is the most important condition for the existence of a strong state and an important factor in state-building. Therefore, the creation of a clear system of public financial control, the determination of the place and role of the bodies of state financial control in its single system, the general principles and mechanisms of their organization and functioning should ensure the unification and consistency of control of public finances.
Solving the complex issues of developing a system of public financial control requires the use of foreign experience, which takes into account the general approaches and principles of constructing such systems, developed and applied a systematic approach to the definition of their elements, formed standards for the implementation of control and analytical and expert measures, evaluation and presentation of their results.
State financial control should envisage and ensure the fulfillment of the following tasks:
• organization and implementation of control over timely execution of income and expense articles of the state and local budgets;
• assessment of the reasonableness of revenue and expenditure items of the state budget and state trust funds;
• assessment of the efficiency and expediency of spending public funds;
ensuring compliance with the rules of transactions with currency and currency values; prevention of offenses in the financial sphere;
• provision of financial security of the state;
• control over the fulfillment of the international financial obligations of the state, the state debt;
• control over observance of budget, tax, customs, currency legislation;
• assessment of the effectiveness of the main spending units spending on the use of public funds;
• analysis of detected deviations from the established indicators of the state budget and preparation of proposals aimed at their elimination;
• financial expertise of draft laws that envisage spending of budget funds or influence the formation and use of these funds, etc.
To develop a coherent system of financial control, it is necessary to determine the vectors of the development of the system of state financial control with clear principles of interaction between the bodies of external and internal control and identify the objects that would most fully cover financial and economic processes and should be under constant control and supervision of the state.
The conceptual bases of unification of the state mechanisms of ensuring of the social and economic safety of Ukraine are created in the article.
The modern world economy forms the system, which relies on groups of the interconnected political and economic factors. In this regard the phenomenon when certain economic, social or political processes appear locally but extend to all world social and economic system is even more often observed. Accordingly, the identification of prerequisites and factors of ensuring of the social and economic security of Ukraine demands, first of all, streamlining of the main theoretical and methodological aspects into the uniform system within the concept of unification of state mechanisms of ensuring of the social and economic safety.
The scientific works of numerous scientists are devoted to the questions of development and deployment of mechanisms of state regulation of the social and economic safety nowadays. However the question of unification of multidirectional state mechanisms of regulation of social and economic safety in Ukraine still remain insufficiently investigated.
The purpose of article is formation of the conceptual bases of unification of the state mechanisms of ensuring of the social and economic safety of Ukraine.
The structural and logical and descriptive analysis and also the process approach are applied in the research.
The technology of formation of the concept of unification of state mechanisms of ensuring of the social and economic safety of Ukraine is developed. The properties of the concept of unification of the state mechanisms of ensuring of the social and economic safety of Ukraine are marked out. The model of unification of the state mechanisms of ensuring of the social and economic safety is constructed.
The technology of formation of the concept of unification of state mechanisms of ensuring of the social and economic safety of Ukraine is developed. The specified technology includes the following levels: theoretical and methodological, model, methodical, tool and practical ones. The attention is paid to the fact that methodical level is the most powerful one in the course of formation of the concept of unification of state mechanisms of ensuring of the social and economic safety of Ukraine. This level provides the following actions: assessment of national social and economic security; identification of structural disproportions of development of national social and economic system; diagnostics of vectors of financial and investment factors of state ensuring of the social and economic safety; analysis of resource potential of state ensuring of the social and economic safety and assessment of the state energy security. The following properties of the concept of unification of state mechanisms of ensuring of the social and economic safety of Ukraine are marked out: orientation on realization of the principles of market economy for ensuring of high rates of economic growth; possibility of forecasting of further development of economic, demographic and political events; completeness of available tools of state administrative personnel for neutralization of negative consequences of the external and internal social and economic and political phenomena; basis for realization of strategy of sustainable development of the national social and economic system by the most effective use of all available resources. The model of unification of state mechanisms of ensuring of the social and economic safety is constructed. The specified model provides existence of the following stages: unification of principles and priorities of ensuring of the social and economic security; unification of structure and norms of organizational and legal support of social and economic security; unification of methods and instruments of realization of state mechanisms of ensuring of the social and economic security; unification of criteria for evaluation of efficiency of functioning of state mechanisms of ensuring of the social and economic security; standardization of procedures of improvement of state mechanisms of ensuring of the social and economic security.
The offered concept of unification of the state mechanisms on ensuring of the social and economic safety has to be based on use of integration approach and has to contain the model of the state ensuring of the social and economic safety directed on realization of the state policy on ensuring of the social and economic safety as the central element. That, in turn, will cause certain transformations in structure and degree of openness of national economy and also in the level of integration of the state into the system of the world economy.
The article is devoted to the analysis of protection of the right to life for the unborn child in international and domestic legislation and appropriate public policy. Declaration of the Rights of the Child, Recommendations of PACE, San Jose Articles, Convention on the Rights of the Child, American Convention on Human Rights, Constitutions of Ireland, Hungary, the Slovak Republic and other documents are considered in this context.
The right to life is the possibility of security and privacy protection which is a natural, inseparable from the person and guaranteed by international and national legislation. This right belongs to the individual, and led the entire system of human rights.
The right to life imposes on the State the duty of the state in every possible way to protect human life from any unlawful encroachment and other threats. The right of the child at the prenatal stage of life is the derivative of the natural inalienable human right to life.
The level of development of modern medicine has created a number of problems associated with the implementation of the right to life and to health protection. These problems are required legal authorization. We are talking about issues such as artificial insemination, abortion, surrogacy motherhood, scientific experiments with human embryos, and other issues associated with childbirth. There is an urgent need for legislation to establish the legal status of the human embryo, and exactly from the point of view of human dignity. The destruction of a human embryo or fetus can not match the human dignity.
The author takes the position that the most reasonable (with scientific, ethical, social and legal point of view) is the legal approach implemented in the legislation of a number of states (the legal acts which are discussed), is expressed in the recognition of the beginning of the action of the right to human life and the protection of this right from the moment of conception.
The cultural approach to implementing public infrastructure policies is new. The approaches commonly used in implementing policies are structural approaches (organizational roles), procedural and management approaches (network planning and control; program evaluation and review techniques), behavioral approaches: communication, complete information at each stage and a political approach (interdepartemental aspects of politics). This shows that, the cultural approach is an innovation of policy implementation to establish a model of policy implementation innovation with a cultural approach, researchers investigate in a case study of a simultaneous village building program (GSM) in the Tulang Bawang regency of Lampung Province. This study uses a qualitative approach that describes and explains the symptoms and trends in phenomena that appear at the research location.
The results obtained, the implementation of the GSMK program is based on the value of mutual cooperation which in local terms Lampung is called sakai sambayan. Sakai Sambayan, covering a broad understanding, such as mutual cooperation, help to help, tolerance to others and to others both morally and materially at times of pleasure and distress.
This value provides a spirit in the implementation of the GSMK program in Tulang Bawang Regency. The GSMK program is a movement carried out by, from, and for the people of Tulang Bawang Regency to do good together in an effort to accelerate infrastructure development in 147 villages simultaneously throughout the Tulang Bawang Regency with a budget sourced from non-government organizations, private parties from each village and Community Direct Assistance (BLM) of the APBD of Tulang Bawang Regency. This program is considered quite successful by many people, the innovation of cultural approaches in the implementation of policies makes it an alternative so that policies can be successful and goals can be achieved.
