Calculations of the longitudinal and transverse momentum distributions for 3H production at large momentum in alpha-12C collisions near 2 A GeV are compared to experiment. Triton exchange and final-state interactions are shown to represent large corrections to the impulse approximation for proton knockout. A method for calculating interference effects for inelastic fragmentation is discussed. Good agreement with experiment is found using a phenomenological overlap function for 3H-p successful in describing 3H production in pion-induced reactions. Comparisons to momentum distributions obtained through (p, 2p) and (e, ep) reactions on 4He are made.
Mean multiplicities of pi+ and pi- in 4He collisions with C, Cu, and Pb at 200, 600, and 800 MeV/u, and with C and Pb at 400 MeV/u have been measured using the large solid angle detector Diogene. The independence of pion multiplicity on projectile incident energy, target mass and proton multiplicity is studied in comparison with intra-nuclear cascade predictions. The discrepancy between experimental results and theory is pointed out and discussed.
We report on the first experimental results for microwave spectroscopy of the hyperfine structure of p¯3He+. Due to the helium nuclear spin, p¯3He+ has a more complex hyperfine structure than p¯4He+, which has already been studied before. Thus a comparison between theoretical calculations and the experimental results will provide a more stringent test of the three-body quantum electrodynamics (QED) theory. Two out of four super-super-hyperfine (SSHF) transition lines of the (n,L)=(36,34) state were observed. The measured frequencies of the individual transitions are 11.12559(14) GHz and 11.15839(18) GHz, less than 1 MHz higher than the current theoretical values, but still within their estimated errors. Although the experimental uncertainty for the difference of these frequencies is still very large as compared to that of theory, its measured value agrees with theoretical calculations. This difference is crucial to be determined because it is proportional to the magnetic moment of the antiproton.
Proton-proton small angle correlations have been measured in neon-nucleus collisions, using the 4 pi detector Diogene, at 400 and 800 MeV per nucleon incident energies. Values of the size of the emitting region are obtained by comparison with the Koonin formula, taking into account the biases of the apparatus. The dependence of the density on target mass and incident energy is also analysed.
We measured the charge of about 35000 projectile fragments with Z > or = 5e produced by 14.5 GeV/nucleon and 200 GeV/nucleon 16O beams in a Pb target using CR39 plastic nuclear track detectors. A minimum track length of 3 mm in the detector without nuclear interaction was required. No evidence for fragments carrying a fractional charge was found.
We present a sum-rule extraction of the decay constants of the charmed mesons D and Ds from the two-point correlator of pseudoscalar currents. First, we compare the perturbative expansion for the correlator and the decay constant performed in terms of the pole and the running MS¯ masses of the charm quark. The perturbative expansion in terms of the pole mass shows no signs of convergence whereas reorganizing this very expansion in terms of the MS¯ mass leads to a distinct hierarchy of the perturbative expansion. Furthermore, the decay constants extracted from the pole-mass correlator turn out to be considerably smaller than those obtained by means of the MS¯-mass correlator. Second, making use of the OPE in terms of the MS¯ mass, we determine the decay constants of both D and Ds mesons with an emphasis on the uncertainties in these quantities related both to the input QCD parameters and to the limited accuracy of the method of sum rules.
We show the equivalence of semi-classical solutions to optical model coupled-channel equations derived from Watson's form of the nucleus-nucleus multiple-scattering series to the Glauber multiple-scattering series. A second-order solution to the semi-classical coupled-channel elastic amplitude is shown to be nearly equivalent to a second-order optical-phase-shift approximation to the Glauber amplitude if the densities of all nuclear excited states are approximated by the ground-state density. Using the Jastrow method to model the two-body density we find an average excited-state density to be of negligible importance in the double-scattering region of alpha-alpha scattering.
Gauge fixing in the non-perturbative domain of non-Abelian gauge theories is obstructed by the Gribov-Singer ambiguity. To compare results from different methods it is necessary to resolve this ambiguity explicitly. Such a resolution is proposed using conditions on correlation functions for a family of non-perturbative Landau gauges. As a consequence, the various results available for correlation functions could possibly correspond to different non-perturbative Landau gauges, discriminated by an additional non-perturbative gauge parameter. The proposal, the necessary assumptions, and evidence from lattice gauge theory calculations, are presented in detail.
The photon transition form factors of π, η and [Formula: see text] are discussed in view of recent measurements. It is shown that the exact axial anomaly sum rule allows a precise comparison of all three form factors at high-[Formula: see text] independent of the different structures and distribution amplitudes of the participating pseudoscalar mesons. We conclude: (i) The πγ form factor reported by Belle is in excellent agreement with the nonstrange [Formula: see text] component of the η and [Formula: see text] form factors obtained from the BaBar measurements. (ii) Within errors, the πγ form factor from Belle is compatible with the asymptotic pQCD behavior, similar to the η and [Formula: see text] form factors from BaBar. Still, the best fits to the data sets of πγ, ηγ, and [Formula: see text] form factors favor a universal small logarithmic rise [Formula: see text].
The first observation of the kaonic 3He 3d - 2p transition was made using
slow K- mesons stopped in a gaseous 3He target. The kaonic atom X-rays were
detected with large-area silicon drift detectors using the timing information
of the K+K- pairs of phi-meson decays produced by the DAFNE e+e- collider. The
strong interaction shift of the kaonic 3He 2p state was determined to be -2+-2
(stat)+-4 (syst) eV.
A proposed duality between type IIB superstring theory on 9 × S1 and a conjectured 11D fundamental theory (“M theory”) on 9 × T2 is investigated. Simple heuristic reasoning leads to a consistent picture relating the various p-branes and their tensions in each theory. Identifying the M theory on 10 × S1 with type IIA superstring theory on 10, in a similar fashion, leads to various relations among the p-branes of the IIA theory.
New data are presented on J/ψ→ωK+K− from a sample of 58M J/ψ events in the upgraded BES II detector at the BEPC. There is a conspicuous signal for f0(1710)→K+K− and a peak at higher mass which may be fitted with . From a combined analysis with ωπ+π− data, the branching ratio is <0.11 at the 95% confidence level.
The supersymmetric Liouville equation is integrated explicitly. The general solutions are defined by four arbitrary functions. The gauge field potentials entering the representation of zero curvature are spanned by the elements of Lie superalgebra b(0,1).
We derive a condition under which (0,2) linear sigma models possess a “left-moving” conformal stress tensor in cohomology (i.e. which leaves invariant the “right-moving” ground states) even away from their critical points. At the classical level this enforces quasihomogeneity of the superpotential terms. The persistence of this structure at the quantum level on the worldsheet is obstructed by an anomaly unless the charges and superpotential degrees satisfy a condition which is equivalent to the condition for the cancellation of the anomaly in a particular “right-moving” U(1) R-symmetry.
We derive the moduli dependence of the one-loop gauge couplings for non-vanishing gauge background fields in a four-dimensional heterotic (0,2) string compactification. Remarkably, these functions turn out to have a representation as modular functions on an auxiliary Riemann surface on appropriate truncations of the full moduli space. In particular, a certain kind of one-loop functions is given by the free energy of two-dimensional solitons on this surface.
It has recently been realized that a large class of Calabi-Yau models in which the VEV of the gauge connection is not set equal to the spin connection of the Calabi-Yau manifold are valid classical solutions of string theory. We provide some examples of three generation models based on such generalized Calabi-Yau compactifications, including models with observable gauge group SU (3) × SU (2) × U (1).
Measurements were made at SLAC of the cross section for scattering 29 GeV electrons from carbon at a laboratory angle of 4.5°, corresponding to 0.03<x<0.1 and 1.3<Q2<2.7 GeV2. Values of R=σL/σT were extracted in this kinematic range by comparing these data to cross sections measured at a higher beam energy by the NMC collaboration. The results are in reasonable agreement with pQCD calculations and with extrapolations of the R1990 parameterization of previous data. A new fit is made including these data and other recent results.
A preference for spiral galaxies in one sector of the sky to be left-handed
or right-handed spirals would indicate a parity violating asymmetry in the
overall universe and a preferred axis. This study uses 15158 spiral galaxies
with redshifts <0.085 from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. An unbinned analysis
for a dipole component that made no prior assumptions for the dipole axis gives
a dipole asymmetry of -0.0408\pm0.011 with a probability of occurring by chance
of 7.9 x 10-4. A similar asymmetry is seen in the Southern Galaxy spin catalog
of Iye and Sugai. The axis of the dipole asymmetry lies at approx. (l, b)
=(52{\deg}, 68.5{\deg}), roughly along that of our Galaxy and close to
alignments observed in the WMAP cosmic microwave background distributions. The
observed spin correlation extends out to separations ~210 Mpc/h, while spirals
with separations < 20 Mpc/h have smaller spin correlations.
The spin structure functions g1 for the proton and the deuteron have been measured over a wide kinematic range in x and Q2 using 1.6 and 5.7 GeV longitudinally polarized electrons incident upon polarized NH3 and ND3 targets at Jefferson Lab. Scattered electrons were detected in the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer, for 0.05<Q2<5 GeV2 and W<3 GeV. The first moments of g1 for the proton and deuteron are presented – both have a negative slope at low Q2, as predicted by the extended Gerasimov–Drell–Hearn sum rule. The first extraction of the generalized forward spin polarizability of the proton is also reported. This quantity shows strong Q2 dependence at low Q2. Our analysis of the Q2 evolution of the first moment of g1 shows agreement in leading order with Heavy Baryon Chiral Perturbation Theory. However, a significant discrepancy is observed between the data and Chiral Perturbation calculations for , even at the lowest Q2.
First data on coherent threshold π0 electroproduction from the deuteron taken by the A1 Collaboration at the Mainz Microtron MAMI are presented. At a four-momentum transfer of the full solid angle was covered up to a center-of-mass energy of 4 MeV above threshold. By means of a Rosenbluth separation the longitudinal threshold s wave multipole and an upper limit for the transverse threshold s wave multipole could be extracted and compared to predictions of Heavy Baryon Chiral Perturbation Theory.
The EM form factor of the pion has been studied in the time-like region by measuring σ(e+e− → π+π−) normalized to σ(e+e− → μ+μ−). Results have been obtained for q2 down to the physical threshold.
We report new precise measurements at the peak of the Δ+(1232) resonance at performed at the Mainz Microtron (MAMI). The new data are sensitive to both the electric (E2) and the Coulomb (C2) quadrupole amplitudes of the γ∗N→Δ transition. They yield precise quadrupole to dipole amplitude ratios: CMR=(−5.09±0.28stat+sys±model0.30)% and EMR=(−1.96±0.68stat+sys±model0.41)% for . The new results are in disagreement with Constituent Quark Model predictions and in qualitative agreement with models that account for mesonic contributions, including recent Lattice calculations. They thus give further credence to the conjecture of deformation in hadronic systems favoring the attribution of the origin of deformation to the dominance of mesonic effects.
The correlations between charged particle multiplicitie produced in forward and backward pseudorapidity regions in pp̄ interactions have been measured with a 240 element scintillator hodoscope. The correlation coefficient and the variance of the difference of multiplicities in the two pseudorapidity regions were deterermined for . These results have been interpreted in terms of a cluster model of particle production.
A dataset of 126,501 spiral galaxies taken from Sloan Digital Sky Survey was
used to analyze the large-scale galaxy handedness in different regions of the
local universe. The analysis was automated by using a transformation of the
galaxy images to their radial intensity plots, which allows automatic analysis
of the galaxy spin and can therefore be used to analyze a large galaxy dataset.
The results show that the local universe (z<0.3) is not isotropic in terms of
galaxy spin, with probability P<5.8*10^-6 of such asymmetry to occur by chance.
The handedness asymmetries exhibit an approximate cosine dependence, and the
most likely dipole axis was found at RA=132, DEC=32 with 1 sigma error range of
107 to 179 degrees for the RA. The probability of such axis to occur by chance
is P<1.95*10^-5 . The amplitude of the handedness asymmetry reported in this
paper is generally in agreement with Longo, but the statistical significance is
improved by a factor of 40, and the direction of the axis disagrees somewhat.
A direction-sensitive dark matter search experiment at Kamioka underground
laboratory with the NEWAGE-0.3a detector was performed. The NEWAGE- 0.3a
detector is a gaseous micro-time-projection chamber filled with CF4 gas at 152
Torr. The fiducial volume and target mass are 20*25*31 cm3 and 0.0115 kg,
respectively. With an exposure of 0.524 kgdays, improved spin-dependent weakly
interacting massive particle (WIMP)-proton cross section limits by a
direction-sensitive method were achieved including a new record of 5400 pb for
150 GeV/c2 WIMPs. We studied the remaining background and found that ambient
gamma-rays contributed about one-fifth of the remaining background and
radioactive contaminants inside the gas chamber contributed the rest.
The emission of complex fragments (3⩽Z≲12) from reactions of 3He with natAg has been studied at bombarding energies of E = 480, 900, 1800, 2700 and 3600 MeV. Between 900 and 1800 MeV slopes of the fragment kinetic energy spectra at backward angles undergo a change in character, becoming much flatter; in addition, the Coulomb peak is found to broaden significantly and shift to lower energies. Power-law fits to the fragment charge distributions result in decreasing values of the exponent τ up to a bombarding energy of 1800 MeV; at this value and beyond, a constant value of τ=2.1±0.1 is observed. Elemental cross sections at the highest energy are found to increase by approximately two orders of magnitude relative to data near 100 MeV. The data suggest a change in reaction mechanism between incident energies of 900 and 1800 MeV.
We present first measurements of total cross section differences ΔσT and ΔσL for a polarized neutron beam transmitted through a polarized proton target. Measurements were carried out at SATURNE II, at 0.63, 0.88, 0.98 and 1.08 GeV. The results are compared with ΔσL data points deduced from p-d and p-p transmission experiments, and with phase shift analyses predictions. The present results together with the corresponding pp data yield two of the three spin dependent forward scattering amplitudes for isospin I=0.
We summarize the results obtained in the UA1 experiment on the production of bottom quarks in proton-antiproton collisions at √s=0.63 TeV. Independent muon data samples are used to determine the bottom quark production cross section in different transverse momentum ranges from 6 to 30 GeV. A recent theoretical calculation to O(αs3) of the inclusive bottom quark transverse momentum spectrum in hadronic collisions shows reasonable agreement with the data. We extrapolate the integral PT distribution to PT=0 and in rapidity to estimate the total cross section forthe production of bottom quark pairs. Assuming the shape in PT and rapidity given by the O(αs3) calcultaion, we obtain .
A low-energy muon neutrino beam was used to illuminate two similar fine-grained neutrino detectors placed at 123 m and 903 m from the beginning of the neutrino source. The fiducial masses of the “close” and the “far” detector were about 36 tons and 120 tons respectively. The average energy of the selected neutrino events was 1.5 GeV. Data were recorded for an integrated flux of about 1019 protons. Quasielastic charged current events initiated by νe's have been searched for and an upper limit of 2.7%, at 90% confidence level, is obtained for the fraction of νμ's transformed into νe's. For complete mixing this correspnds to a limit Δm2 ⩽ 0.20 eV2 for the transition νμ → νe and to a minimum value of the mixing parameter sin22θ = 0.04. In the same data sample we compared the rates in the two detectors of νμ-initiated charged current events, mainly of quasielastic type: we conclude that oscillations of νμ's to ντ's, and possibly heavier neutrinos, do not appear. For complete mixing the limit in this case is Δm2 ⩽ 0.29 eV2.
The parity nonconserving spin rotation of neutrons in the 0.734-eV p-wave resonance of $^{139}La$ was measured with the neutron transmission method. Two optically polarized $^3He$ cells were used before and behind a a 5-cm long $^{139}La$ target as a polarizer and an analyzer of neutron spin. The rotation angle was carefully measured by flipping the direction of $^3He$ polarization in the polarizer in sequence. The peak-to-peak value of the spin rotation was found to be $ (7.4 \pm 1.1) \times 10^{-3} $ rad/cm which was consistent with the previous experiments. But the result was statisticallly improved. The s-p mixing model gives the weak matrix element as $xW = (1.71 \pm 0.25)$ meV. The value agrees well with the one deduced from the parity-nonconserving longitudinal asymmetry in the same resonance.
Differential cross sections and analyzing powers for the elastic scattering of 800 MeV polarized protons from 40,42,44,48Ca are reported. A first-order, spin-dependent KMT optical potential analysis is presented from which the rms radii of the neutron densities are deduced. A comparison of these results with other determinations and with various theoretical predictions is given.
The pp→ppπ0 differential cross section has been measured with the ANKE spectrometer at COSY–Jülich for pion cms angles between 0° and 15.4° at a proton beam energy of 0.8 GeV. The selection of diproton pairs with an excitation energy Epp<3 MeV ensures that the final pp system is dominantly in the spin-singlet state. The kinematics are therefore very similar to those of pp→dπ+ but with different spin and isospin transitions. The cross sections are over two orders of magnitude smaller than those of pp→dπ+ and show a forward dip that is even stronger than that seen at lower energies. The results should provide a crucial extra test of pion production models in nucleon–nucleon collisions.
We present results of the first nonperturbative calculation of η-meson production in heavy-ion collisions from 0.8 to 2 GeV/u bombarding energy. In this calculation mean-field effects as well as the dynamic population of nucleon resonances and their decay are taken into account. The results obtained are compared with very recent experiments at 1 GeV/u and are analyzed with respect to the time development of the hadronic composition of the reaction volume.
We have measured the cross section of the radiative process e+e- ->
pi+pi-gamma with the KLOE detector at the Frascati phi-factory DAPHNE, from
events taken at a CM energy W=1 GeV. Initial state radiation allows us to
obtain the cross section for e+e- -> pi+pi-, the pion form factor |F_pi|^2 and
the dipion contribution to the muon magnetic moment anomaly, Delta a_mu^{pipi}
= (478.5+-2.0_{stat}+-5.0_{syst}+-4.5_{th}) x 10^{-10} in the range 0.1 <
M_{pipi}^2 < 0.85 GeV^2, where the theoretical error includes a SU(3) ChPT
estimate of the uncertainty on photon radiation from the final pions. The
discrepancy between the Standard Model evaluation of a_mu and the value
measured by the Muon g-2 collaboration at BNL is confirmed.
The polarization parameter for K+n charge exchange scattering has been measured at five momenta between 0.851 GeV/c and 1.351 GeV/c for centre of mass angles . Results from a phase shift analysis incorporating these results are presented. No Z∗ resonances are observed.
The first measurements of the invariant differential cross sections of
inclusive $\pi^0$ and $\eta$ meson production at mid-rapidity in proton-proton
collisions at $\sqrt{s}=0.9$ TeV and $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV are reported. The $\pi^0$
measurement covers the ranges $0.4<p_T<7$ GeV/$c$ and $0.3<p_T<25$ GeV/$c$ for
these two energies, respectively. The production of $\eta$ mesons was measured
at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV in the range $0.4<p_T<15$ GeV/$c$. Next-to-Leading Order
perturbative QCD calculations, which are consistent with the $\pi^0$ spectrum
at $\sqrt{s}=0.9$ TeV, overestimate those of $\pi^0$ and $\eta$ mesons at
$\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV, but agree with the measured $\eta/\pi^0$ ratio at
$\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV.
K-matrix analysis of the 00++ wave is performed in the channels ππ, , ηη and 4π in the mass region up to 1550 MeV. The fit is based on the following data: [V.V. Anisovich et al., Phys. Lett. B 323 (1994) 233; C. Amsler et al., Phys. Lett. B 333 (1994) 277; B 342 (1995) 433], πN → ππN [B. Hyams et al., Nucl. Phys. B 64 (1973) 134; A.A. Kondashov et al., Proc. 27th Intern. Conf. on High Energy Physics, Glasgow (1994) 1407; Yu.D. Prokoshkin et al., Physics-Doklady (1995), in press; D. Alde et al., Study of the f0(995) resonance in the π0π0 decay channel, Preprint CERN-PPE/94-157, 1994], [S.J. Lindenbaum and R.S. Longacre, Phys. Lett. B 274 (1992) 492; A. Etkin et al., Phys. Rev. D 25 (1982) 1786] and the inelastic cross section of the ππ interaction [M. Alston-Garnjost et al., Phys. Lett. B 36 (1971) 152]. Simultaneous analysis of these data confirms the existence of the scalar resonances: f0(980), f0(1300) and f0(1500), the poles of the amplitude being at the following complex masses (in MeV): (1008 ± 10) − i(43 ± 5), (1290 ± 25) − i(120 ± 15), and (1497 − 6) − i(61 ± 5). The fourth pole has sunk deeply into the complex plane: (1430 ± 150) − i(600 ± 100). Positions of the K-matrix poles (which are referred to the masses of bare states) are at 750 ± 120 MeV, 1240 ± 30 MeV, 1280 ± 30 MeV and 1615 ± 40 MeV. Coupling constants of the K-matrix poles to the ππ, ηη and channels are found that allow us to analyze the quark and gluonic content of bare states. It is shown that f0bare(1240) and f0bare(1615) (which are strongly related to f0(1500)) can be considered as good candidates for scalar glueball.
We analyse hadronically quiet trilepton signatures in the T-parity conserving Littlest Higgs model and in R-parity conserving supersymmetry at the Large Hadron Collider. We identify the regions of the parameter space where such signals can reveal the presence of these new physics models above the Standard Model background and distinguish them from each other, even in a situation when the mass spectrum of the Littlest Higgs model resembles the supersymmetric pattern.
In the context of minimal seesaw framework, we study the implications of Dirac and Majorana mass matrices in which two rigid properties coexist, namely, equalities among mass matrix elements and texture zeros. In the first part of the study, we discuss general possibilities of the Dirac and Majorana mass matrices for neutrinos with such hybrid structures. We then classify the mass matrices into realistic textures which are compatible with global neutrino oscillation data and unrealistic ones which do not comply with the data. Among the large number of general possibilities, we find that only 6 patterns are consistent with the observations at the level of the most minimal number of free parameters. These solutions have only 2 adjustable parameters, so that all the mixing angles can be described in terms of the two mass differences or pure numbers. We analyze these textures in detail and discuss their impacts for future neutrino experiments and for leptogenesis. Comment: 25 pages, 2 figures; (ver. 2) A significant revision is made for easy reading, and analyses on CP violation are added
We show that the asymptotic symmetry algebra of geometries with Schrödinger isometry in any dimension is an infinite dimensional algebra containing one copy of Virasoro algebra. It is compatible with the fact that the corresponding geometries are dual to non-relativistic CFTs whose symmetry algebra is the Schrödinger algebra which admits an extension to an infinite dimensional symmetry algebra containing a AdS/CFT correspondence [1] has provided us with a powerful framework to study strongly coupled conformal field theories. This is done by making use of weakly coupled gravities on backgrounds containing an AdS part. According to the AdS/CFT duality there is a one to one correspondence between objects on the gravity side and those in the dual conformal field
Considering corrections to all orders in the Planck length on the quantum state density from a generalized uncertainty principle (GUP), we calculate the statistical entropy of the scalar field on the background of the Schwarzschild black hole without any cutoff. We obtain the entropy of the massive scalar field proportional to the horizon area.
A measurement of the cosmic ray positron fraction e+/(e++e−) in the energy range of 1–30 GeV is presented. The measurement is based on data taken by the AMS-01 experiment during its 10 day Space Shuttle flight in June 1998. A proton background suppression on the order of 106 is reached by identifying converted bremsstrahlung photons emitted from positrons.
The recently reported positron fraction up to $\sim 350$ GeV by AMS-02 seems
to have tension with the total electron/positron spectra detected by Fermi and
HESS, for either pulsar or dark matter annihilation/decay scenario as the
primary positron sources. In this work we will show that the tension will be
removed by an adjustment of the primary electron spectrum. If the primary
electron spectrum becomes harder above $\sim50$ GeV, similar as the cosmic ray
nuclei spectrum, the AMS-02 positron fraction and Fermi/HESS data can be well
fitted by both the pulsar and dark matter models. This result indicates that
there should be a common origin of the cosmic ray nuclei and the primary
electrons. Furthermore, this study also implies that the properties of the
extra sources derived from the fitting to the AMS-02 data should depend on the
form of background.
The data collected by ATIC, CREAM and PAMELA all display remarkable
cosmic-ray-nuclei spectrum hardening above the magnetic rigidity $\sim$ 240 GV.
One natural speculation is that the primary electron spectrum also gets
hardened (possibly at $\sim 80$ GV) and the hardening partly accounts for the
electron/positron total spectrum excess discovered by ATIC, HESS and Fermi-LAT.
If it is the case, the increasing behavior of the subsequent
positron-to-electron ratio will get flattened and the spectrum hardening should
be taken into account in the joint fit of the electron/psoitron data otherwise
the inferred parameters will be biased. Our joint fits to the latest AMS-02
positron fraction data together with the PAMELA/Fermi-LAT electron/positron
spectrum data suggest that the primary electron spectrum hardening is needed in
most though not all modelings. The bounds on dark matter models have also been
investigated. In the presence of spectrum hardening of primary electrons, the
amount of dark-matter-originated electron/positron pairs needed in the modeling
is smaller. Even with such a modification, the annihilation channel $\chi\chi
\rightarrow \mu^{+}\mu^{-}$ has been tightly constrained by the Fermi-LAT
Galactic diffuse emission data. The decay channel $\chi\rightarrow
\mu^{+}\mu^{-}$ is found to be viable.
The anomaly detected by AMS-02 and PAMELA in the cosmic-ray positron flux
when interpreted as arising from dark matter annihilation suggests that dark
matter may interact differently with hadrons and leptons so as to remain
compatible with cosmic-ray antiproton data. Such a scenario is readily
accommodated in models with extra spatial dimensions. We study indirect
detection of Kaluza-Klein (KK) dark matter in Universal Extra Dimensions with
brane-localized terms and fermion bulk masses: Next-to-Minimal Universal Extra
Dimensions. So that an excess of antiprotons is not produced in explaining the
positron anomaly, it is necessary that the KK bulk masses in the lepton and
hadron sectors be distinct. Even so, we find that cosmic-ray data disfavor a
heavy KK photon dark matter scenario. Also, we find these scenarios with
flavor-universal bulk masses to be in conflict with dijet and dilepton searches
at the LHC.
The excitation of the 02+ (7.65 MeV) state in 12C by inelastic alpha scattering is investigated using microscopic resonating group wave functions in a coupled channel folding model. The importance of coupling to other states and the influence of varying the optical potential in the excited states is studied. Both effects must be taken into account for a quantitative description.
We revisit the decaying wino dark matter scenario in the light of the updated
positron fraction, electron and positron fluxes in cosmic ray recently reported
by the AMS-02 collaboration. We show the AMS-02 results favor the mass of the
wino dark matter at around a few TeV, which is consistent with the prediction
on the wino mass in the pure gravity mediation model.
Recently the AMS-02 experiment reported an excess of cosmic ray antiprotons
over the expected astrophysical background. We interpret the excess as a signal
from annihilating or decaying dark matter and find that the observed spectrum
is well fitted by adding contributions from the annihilation or decay of dark
matter with mass of O(TeV) or larger. Interestingly, Wino dark matter with mass
of around 3 TeV, whose thermal relic abundance is consistent with present dark
matter abundance, can explain the antiproton excess. We also discuss the
implications for the decaying gravitino dark matter with R-parity violation.
We propose a dark matter explanation to simultaneously account for the excess
of antiproton-to-proton and positron power spectra observed in the AMS-02
experiment while having the right dark matter relic abundance and satisfying
the current direct search bounds. We extend the Higgs triplet model with a
hidden gauge symmetry of $SU(2)_X$ that is broken to $Z_3$ by a quadruplet
scalar field, rendering the associated gauge bosons stable weakly-interacting
massive particle dark matter candidates. By coupling the complex Higgs triplet
and the $SU(2)_X$ quadruplet, the dark matter candidates can annihilate into
triplet Higgs bosons each of which in turn decays into lepton or gauge boson
final states. Such a mechanism gives rise to correct excess of positrons and
antiprotons with an appropriate choice of the triplet vacuum expectation value.
Besides, the model provides a link between neutrino mass and dark matter
phenomenology.
A recently proposed holographic duality allows the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy of extremal rotating black holes to be calculated microscopically, by applying the Cardy formula to the two-dimensional chiral CFTs associated with certain reparameterisations of azimuthal angular coordinates in the solutions. The central charges are proportional to the angular momenta of the black hole, and so the method degenerates in the case of static (non-rotating) black holes. We show that the method can be extended to encompass such charged static extremal AdS black holes by using consistent Kaluza–Klein sphere reduction ansatze to lift them to exact solutions in the low-energy limits of string theory or M-theory, where the electric charges become reinterpreted as angular momenta associated with internal rotations in the reduction sphere. We illustrate the procedure for the examples of extremal charged static AdS black holes in four, five, six and seven dimensions.
![Part of the analog delayed annihilation time spectrum (ADATS) with the two laser-stimulated annihilation peaks against the exponentially decaying background of the metastable cascade. T denotes the delay time between the two laser pulses. The photomultipliers are gated off during the initial
pulse arrival [14]. Thus the prompt peak is cut off and only the annihilations due to the metastable state depopulation are recorded.](profile/Johann-Zmeskal/publication/51552805/figure/fig2/AS:213450300104712@1427901925426/Part-of-the-analog-delayed-annihilation-time-spectrum-ADATS-with-the-two_Q320.jpg)
![(a) Distribution of
obtained by the bootstrap analysis of the OPE uncertainties. Gaussian distributions for all OPE parameters but μ with corresponding errors as given in (2.1) are employed. For μ we assume a uniform distribution in the range 1 GeV < μ < 3 GeV. (b) Summary of findings for
. Lattice results are from [10,11] for two dynamical light flavors (
) and from [12,13] for three dynamical flavors (
). The triangle represents the experimental value from PDG [14]. The estimate obtained with the constant threshold includes the OPE uncertainty only; for the τ-dependent QCD-SR result the error shown is the sum of the OPE and systematic uncertainties in (3.5), added in quadrature.](profile/Dmitri-Melikhov/publication/51676206/figure/fig3/AS:214218306527234@1428085032106/a-Distribution-of-obtained-by-the-bootstrap-analysis-of-the-OPE-uncertainties_Q320.jpg)
![(a) Distribution of
obtained by the bootstrap analysis of the OPE uncertainties. Gaussian distributions for all OPE parameters but μ with corresponding errors as given in (2.1) are employed. For μ we assume a uniform distribution in the range 1 GeV < μ < 3 GeV. (b) Summary of findings for
. Lattice results are from [10,11] for two dynamical light flavors (
) and from [12,13] for three dynamical flavors (
). The triangle represents the experimental value from PDG [14]. The estimate obtained with the constant threshold includes the OPE uncertainty only; for the τ-dependent QCD-SR result the error shown is the sum of the OPE and systematic uncertainties in (3.7), added in quadrature.](profile/Dmitri-Melikhov/publication/51676206/figure/fig5/AS:214218306527236@1428085032149/a-Distribution-of-obtained-by-the-bootstrap-analysis-of-the-OPE-uncertainties_Q320.jpg)
![The average number of Gribov copies as a function of lattice extension (left panel) and volume (right panel) in two, three, and four dimensions at a = 0.22 fm, distinguished by their value of tr D. At finer a at fixed physical volume the number of copies increases further [13]. All lines drawn to guide the eye. Lattice volumes
are for d = 2, 3, and 4 from the sets {10,18,26,34}, {8,14,20,26}, and {6,10,14}, respectively, throughout. A fit of type
gives an e of approximately 16, 4.4, and 2.9 fm in 2, 3, and 4 dimensions, respectively.](publication/51494005/figure/fig1/AS:213924222902272@1428014917198/The-average-number-of-Gribov-copies-as-a-function-of-lattice-extension-left-panel-and_Q320.jpg)
![The gluon propagator (left panel) and the ghost dressing function (right panel) for various gauges from a 203 lattice at a = 0.22 fm. The minimal Landau gauge is described in [9], and the absolute Landau gauge in [3]. The min B and max B gauges select the minimum and maximum possible value of B, respectively, and are described in the text. The inverse Landau gauge maximizes (3) over the set of all local minima on the residual gauge orbit [15].](publication/51494005/figure/fig4/AS:213924222902284@1428014917269/The-gluon-propagator-left-panel-and-the-ghost-dressing-function-right-panel-for_Q320.jpg)
![Form factors Q2FPγ (P=η,η′) vs Q2: experimental data from Cello and Cleo [1,2] (black dots), BaBar [5] (red squares), and the data borrowed from the time-like region [3] (green triangles). Dashed lines—the results from [14] which obey the factorization theorem at Q2→∞; solid lines—our fits for rq(I=0)=rs=0.05 GeV2. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this Letter.)](profile/Dmitri-Melikhov/publication/233889535/figure/fig1/AS:269835514937362@1441345208638/Form-factors-Q2FPg-Pe-e-vs-Q2-experimental-data-from-Cello-and-Cleo-1-2-black_Q320.jpg)
![Form factor Q2Fπγ vs Q2: experimental data from Cello, Cleo [1,2] (black dots), BaBar [4] (red squares) and Belle [18] (blue triangles); dashed line—the results from [14] which obey the factorization theorem at Q2→∞. Solid lines—our fits. In the fit to the Belle data, the value for r is taken identical to the one used for the nonstrange component of Fηγ and Fη′γ in Fig. 1. The grey shaded region corresponds to the range 0.05 GeV2⩽rq(I=1)⩽0.17 GeV2. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this Letter.)](profile/Dmitri-Melikhov/publication/233889535/figure/fig2/AS:270254769176576@1441445166576/Form-factor-Q2Fpg-vs-Q2-experimental-data-from-Cello-Cleo-1-2-black-dots-BaBar-4_Q320.jpg)
![Generalized forward spin polarizability γ p 0 as a function of Q 2 for the full integral (closed circles), the measured portion of the integral (open circles) and Q 2 = 0 [44] (triangle). The systematic error on the measured (grey) and unmeasured (dark) contributions are indicated by bands. χPT calculations [17, 45] are shown along with MAID 2003 [46]. The data shown on the right are weighted by Q 6 /(16αM 2 ). Our parametrization of world data is also shown at moderate to high Q 2 .](profile/W-Briscoe/publication/232259551/figure/fig1/AS:671530023395334@1537116642546/Generalized-forward-spin-polarizability-g-p-0-as-a-function-of-Q-2-for-the-full-integral_Q320.jpg)
![Top left: |Fπ|2 from CMD-2 [30,31], SND [32] and the present KLOE result as function of (Mππ0)2. Bottom left: Fractional difference between CMD-2 or SND and KLOE. Top right: σππbare from BaBar [36] and the new KLOE result as function of Mππ0. Bottom right: Fractional difference between BaBar and KLOE. CMD-2, SND and BaBar data points have the total uncertainty attached. The dark (light) band in the lower plots shows statistical (total) error of the KLOE result.](profile/Erika-De-Lucia/publication/45926168/figure/fig4/AS:269170927468553@1441186758235/Top-left-Fp2-from-CMD-2-30-31-SND-32-and-the-present-KLOE-result-as-function-of_Q320.jpg)
![Comparison of the present result, KLOE10, with the previous KLOE result, KLOE08 [7]. Left: Pion form factor |Fπ|2. Right: Fractional difference between KLOE08 and KLOE10 results. The dark (light) gray band gives the statistical (total) error for the present result. Errors on KLOE08 points contain the combined statistical and systematic uncertainty.](profile/Erika-De-Lucia/publication/45926168/figure/fig5/AS:269900178522122@1441360627029/Comparison-of-the-present-result-KLOE10-with-the-previous-KLOE-result-KLOE08-7_Q320.jpg)
![The positron fraction e+/(e++e−) measured in this analysis (filled circles), compared with earlier results from AMS-01 (open circles) [12], TS93 (squares) [13], the combined results from HEAT-e± and HEAT-pbar (triangles) [14], together with a model calculation for purely secondary positron production from [15] (solid line). The total error is given by the outer error bars, while the inner bars represent the systematic contribution to the total error.](profile/Federico-Pilo/publication/222818527/figure/fig3/AS:272672907067422@1442021695691/The-positron-fraction-e-e-e-measured-in-this-analysis-filled-circles-compared_Q320.jpg)
![Proton spectrum derived through fitting PAMELA and CREAM data. References of the proton data: AMS [44], BESS [45], ATIC2 [17], PAMELA [18] and CREAM [19].](profile/Xiao-Jun-Bi/publication/236136896/figure/fig1/AS:614051155566611@1523412612580/Proton-spectrum-derived-through-fitting-PAMELA-and-CREAM-data-References-of-the-proton_Q320.jpg)
![1σ and 2σ parameter regions on the mχ − σv plane for the DM annihilation scenario. The lines show the 95% upper limit of Fermi γ-ray observations of the Galactic center (thin lines, with different normalization of the local density corrected, [50]) and dwarf galaxies (thick lines, [51]) for µ + µ − (black solid) and τ + τ − (blue dashed-dotted) channels respectively.](profile/Xiao-Jun-Bi/publication/236136896/figure/fig3/AS:614051155562497@1523412612620/1s-and-2s-parameter-regions-on-the-mch-sv-plane-for-the-DM-annihilation-scenario-The_Q320.jpg)
![The “background with spectrum hardening + pulsars + dark matter annihilation into e+e−” model for the second set of electron/positron data. Top panel: the fit of the Fermi-LAT long path electron/positron total spectrum [7], the updated Fermi-LAT electron/positron total spectrum in the energy range 20–200 GeV [9], and the PAMELA electron spectrum data [28]. Bottom panel: the fit of the AMS-02 positron fraction data. The best fit parameters are presented in Table 2 (i.e., scenario (e)). The existence of dark matter particles with a rest mass ∼100 GeV and 〈σv〉χχ→e+e−∼5.5×10−27 cm3s−1 cannot be ruled out by current data.](profile/Jin-Chang-5/publication/235766078/figure/fig1/AS:267486968938528@1440785271507/The-background-with-spectrum-hardening-pulsars-dark-matter-annihilation-into-e-e_Q320.jpg)
![The regions of parameter space (68.3% and 99.5% confidence levels) which provide a reasonable fit to the second set of data comparing with the bounds set by Fermi-LAT Galactic diffuse emission (adopted from [29], the short-dashed line represents the upper limits on 〈σv〉 found in the analysis with no model of the astrophysical background, while the solid line is the bound found in the analysis with a modeling of the background) and by the extra-galactic diffuse emission (adopted from [23], the long-dashed line in the bottom panel). Top panel is for the annihilation channel χχ→μ+μ− and the isothermal-sphere like dark matter distribution model is adopted. Bottom panel is for the decay channel χ→μ+μ− and the NFW dark matter distribution model is adopted. In this work we do not present the cases of annihilation/decay into τ+τ− since they have been excluded by the γ-ray observations.](profile/Jin-Chang-5/publication/235766078/figure/fig2/AS:267562692902961@1440803325850/The-regions-of-parameter-space-683-and-995-confidence-levels-which-provide-a_Q320.jpg)
