Physical Education of Students

A purpose of work is a design of motions in Nordic walking, and analysis of power and power descriptions of motion. The basic aspects of walking with sticks and their influence on quality of life of people of different age are considered. Directions of the use of physical exercises for the people of senior age are selected. Possibilities of the use of walking in the physical rehabilitation of patients and people with a hyposthenic health is shown. It is set that, walking extend the use of models of Nordic possibility of leadthrough of researches and theoretical ground for more deep study of features of such type of movements. It is marked that the model of motion is expedient to utillize in combination with cinegram walking and by the indexes of dynamometry. It is recommended at lowering to observe the rules of technique of motion and safety.

Motive activity of young footballers of different playing lines of business is considered. For research is served the actions of players aged 11-15 years (n=93). The analysis of motive activity of footballers is presented with ball and without on the stage of base pre-treatment. The value of motive activity is appraised for competition activity of footballers. The necessity of development of specific capacity of footballers is certain. It is set that dimension of motive activity of 11 years footballers (20 persons) includes slow runs - from 23,9 to 25 minutes; accelerations on different distances - from 3 to 3,4 minute; jerks - from 2 to 3,4 minute; jumps and fight for a ball - from 0,9 to 1,1 minute. On the average for training (90 minutes) footballers running during 45 minutes (from them 4 minutes of contiguities with ball).

The aim of the research was to get information about physical activity and forms of spending leisure time by teenagers between 13 and 15 years old, who live in Biała Podlaska. The research included 229 pupils from three Grammar Schools (115 girls and 114 boys). The range of respondents’ age is from 13 to 15 years old. The research tool was anonymous questionnaire consisting of questions concerning healthy lifestyle, physical activity and forms of spending leisure time. In total, the questionnaire consisted of 17 both open and close questions. On the basis of the questionnaire, it was proved that pupils’ knowledge on physical education and health is low (37-47% of correct answers). Young people more and more often choose passive forms of activity. Boys much more often take up active forms of exercise than girls. Teenagers devote most time to physical activity, the development of interests and taking care of one’s own appearance.

The method of estimation of level of technical preparedness is developed for young baseballs. The scale of estimation of level of technical preparedness of sportsmen is formed on the method of sigmantion rejections. In an experiment took part 100 boys in age 12-14 years. The test of the program «Aquafina MLB Pitch was utillized, Hit & Run». The maximally attained indexes are certain on separate baseball skills. The level of development of technical preparedness is exposed after an experiment on the program: a test of «pitch» is 450 marks, a test of «hit» is 402 marks, a test of «run» is a 361 mark, indexes of general marks are 1043 marks. The comparative analysis of level of technical preparedness of baseballs of control and experimental groups is conducted. Authenticity of distinctions is proved between control and experimental groups on the followings criteria of technical preparedness: throw, blow at run.

Purpose : explore physical development, the level of physical and technical preparedness of young weightlifters of different weight categories groups. Material : the study involved 36 athletes. Athletes age 14-15 years. Results : present physical development, the level of physical and technical preparedness of athletes who are preparing for the championship of Ukraine. Found that indicators body length athletes tend to increase with increasing weight category groups - by 15,0% (p

Purpose : to prove the technology aimed at the development of professionally applied physical qualities of future specialists of sewing industry with use of information technologies Materials and methods: girls of 16-17 years old (n=40) participated in the experiment. It was defined: level of physical activity of pupils; physical and mental working capacity; Results : The developed technology included three stages: 1st stage - 16 lessons; 2nd stage - 48 lessons; 3rd stage - 16 lessons. It was detailed professionally applied physical qualities of future specialists of sewing industry taking into consideration the features of specialty. It was developed 4 blocks of physical exercises. Blocks include 14 different complexes for the practical application in different parts of trainings. The technology gives the opportunity to monitoring theoretical knowledge and physical abilities. Conclusions : the recommended technology promotes: development of professionally significant physical qualities; increase in level of theoretical knowledge; formation of positive motivation of pupils to physical culture classes; preparation of harmonically developed and highly qualified specialists.

The features of indicators of strength abilities of students of basic medical group are shown. The study involved 800 women aged 17-20 years, who were divided into age groups of 200 students. Established positive momentum indicators test dynamometry right and left hand, postural strength, forearm flexors right and left hands, extensor thighs and shins. Revealed results of a comprehensive development of maximum force to 12-point scale of the sigmoid in the age aspect. Notes are not identical levels of development. Comprehensive assessment "satisfactory" to be in the range 56-67,5% in all age groups of girls. The estimate of "excellent" is not fixed. It is necessary to pay attention to when planning the means and methods of force directions in physical education.

Background and Study Aim. To determine the influence of the level of static balance on the competitive activity of athletes aged 17-21 in beach volleyball. Material and Methods. The study involved athletes aged 17-21 years, who play beach volleyball in the Kherson region. The research was focused on the main indicators: the total number of serves, passes, tactical strikes, blocks, and how the development of static balance affects the level of their performance. Results. Acrobatic exercises in training activities for special physical training positively contributed to the increase in the samples of Bondarevsky (p

Purpose: to determine the influence of circuit training on the level of strength and speed-strength abilities development in basketball players of 18-19 years old at the pre-competitive and competitive stages of the training process. Material: athletes (n = 32) were divided into 2 groups of 16 people. The pedagogical experiment lasted 7 months. Tests were applied to determine speed-power abilities: standing long jump test (broad jump, cm); vertical jump test. Strength was evaluated by the following tests: pull-up bars; hanging leg raises (stall bars)). Results: it was determined that power and speed-power abilities are leading in basketball. It was proposed the set of physical exercises performed on the principle of circuit training. It was confirmed the expediency of the circuit training applying for the development of power and speed-power abilities in basketball players. It is established that the circular training in the preparatory and final parts of the training increases the speed and speed-strength indicators of basketball players. Conclusion: It is recommended the circuit training applying at the pre-competitive and competitive stages of the training process.

The dynamics estimation of the integral indices of cardiovascular system among the female students of higher educational institution during the process of physical education activities, including means of sports and health tourism, has been conducted. There are 40 girls at the age of 18-19 years that participated in the experiment. It is found that by the end of the research the positive decrease of all the types of arterial pressure, coefficient of blood circulation effectiveness, Robinson’s and cardiac indices, common peripheral resistance and significant increase of functional state of cardiovascular system of the organism are being observed among the examined students. There were stated that significantly more optimal cardiac rate indices, systolic, diastolic and average, coefficient of blood circulation effectiveness, Robinson’s index and the level of functional state of organism cardiovascular system (LFSсvs) had been observed among the girls of experimental rather than control group of female students. It is found that the rates of almost all the used indices of cardiovascular system were significantly higher among the students practiced sports and health tourism, than those ones engaged into the traditional program of physical education for higher educational institution. Obtained results certified the sufficiently high effectiveness of using the tourism facilities in optimization of functional state of cardiovascular system among the female students at the age of 18-19 years.

Background and Study Aim. The current study was carried out to analyze the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the emotional state and nutritional behavior of university athletes. Material and Methods. This research was carried out during the first wave of COVID-19 in Turkey. A total of 334 (162 female and 172 male) athletes who are undergraduate students in the faculties of sports sciences of universities participated in the study. Their mean age was 21.46 ± 3.7. The Emotional Eating Scale (EES) was used to determine the nutritional behavior of the participants and The Profile of Mood States (POMS) scale was used to determine their emotional state. The Chi-square and Cross-tabulation tests were used for the statistical analysis of categorical variables. Mann Whitney U test was used for the analysis of continuous variables, and Spearman Sequence Correlation test protocols were used for correlation analysis. Results. The results of the statistical analysis revealed that there was a significant increase in the amount of fluid consumption of elite athletes. There was a significant relationship between negative mood and emotional eating sub-assessment (p 0.05). Conclusion. As a result of the research, it was seen that elite and amateur athletes did not have a significant difference in emotional eating and mood status, except for the amount of fluid consumption. The increase in negative emotions of university athletes is an important factor that increased their emotional eating behavior.

Background and Study Aim: The aim of the study is to profile and map the scientific output in research on physical activity in the COVID-19 context. The study makes an attempt to response to the three following questions: (1) What are the leading contributors (countries, research institutions, authors and source titles) to research production in the field? (2) What are the core references? (3) What are the leading thematic areas / research fronts? Material and Methods: We used the Scopus database as a source of bibliometric data for the research sampling process and employed a combination of bibliometric methods, including research profiling and selected science mapping methods, i.e. co-word analysis and direct citation analysis, in order to achieve the aim of the study and provide responses to the study questions. Science mapping processes were supported with VOSviewer software. Results: Research profiling indicates that the main contributors to scientific output on physical activity in the COVID-19 context are scholars and research institutions from countries, which have been heavily affected by the pandemic such as: the United States, the United Kingdom, Italy, Spain, Brazil. Certainly, the reports from China, which was the first nation to suffer from COVID-19 and associated epidemic restrictions, constitute an important input, too. The core references in research on physical activity in the COVID-19 context may be grouped into three categories aimed at: (1) investigating the consequences of pandemic restrictions on physical activity, (2) analysing the outcomes of physical activity for other variables, and (3) providing recommendations for practising home-based physical activity during COVID-19 confinement. Science mapping of the research field conceptual structure indicates the following thematic areas / research fronts in research on physical activity in the COVID-19 context: (1) ‘pandemic and its outcomes’, (2) ‘physical activity during self-isolation’, (3) ‘health behaviour’, (4) ‘food habits’, (5) ‘mental health’, (6) ‘adults and the pandemic’. Conclusions: The study contributes to development of physical activity theory by profiling and mapping research conducted in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Through mapping the scientific output, the paper points out the leading contributors and core references, and makes an attempt to identify leading thematic areas / research fronts. Discovering the main signposts may be useful for all the researchers planning and designing research within the field. Moreover, mapping research fronts indicates them the topics attracting attention of the academia and potential research gaps.

Background and Study Aim. Physical activity (PA) is regarded as a critical component of a healthy lifestyle and disease prevention. Different constraints placed upon social interaction and public spaces due to COVID-19 could decrease PA and academic performance in physical education (PE) in student population. The purpose of the research was to assess overall and sport/fitness PA level and academic performance in PE in a sample of university students pre- to post-cancellation of face-to-face PE classes due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Methods. Participants (n=209) – university students (19-20 years old). The overall period of the research is September-December 2020. All participants (male–n=106 and female–n=103) were divided into approximately equal groups: humanities students (male–MG-1, female–FG-1), medicine students (male–MG-2, female–FG-2), technical students (male–MG-3, female–FG-3). The main research tools: modified student self-reported questionnaire (on the base of IPAQ), academic grading (scores for self-completed PE tasks). In surveys, all participants self-rated overall and sport/fitness PA level pre- to post-cancellation of face-to-face PE classes. The participants had to complete 32 special PE tasks, during the research period. PE teachers rated participants by a special grading scale. Results. For the male and female students’ groups there were no significant differences of overall PA, sport/fitness PA level and academic performance in PE pre-cancellation of face-to-face PE classes. All participants significantly (p≤0.05) decreased overall PA, sport/fitness PA level and academic performance in PE post-cancellation. There was a significant (p≤0.05) large amount of overall PA level in MG-2 students and sport/fitness PA level in MG-1 students’ post-cancellation of face-to-face PE classes. For the male students there were no significant differences of grading in PE pre- to post-cancellation of face-to-face PE classes between participants groups. There was a significant (p≤0.05) large amount of overall PA level post-cancellation of face-to-face PE classes in FG-2 students. There was a significantly (p≤0.05) lower amount of sport/fitness PA level post-cancellation of face-to-face PE classes in FG-3 students. There was a significant drop in mean grading scores in PE post-cancellation of face-to-face PE classes in students. FG-2 participants had significantly (p≤0.05) higher grading scores in PE post-cancellation of face-to-face PE classes. Conclusions. The universities closure and cancellation of face-to-face PE classes due to the COVID-19 pandemic decreased overall PA, sport/fitness PA level and academic performance in PE in all participants. It is important to note that the proportional decrease in overall PA for the male students was actually large, then decrease in overall PA for the female students was less. The findings highlight the need for active interventions of PA promotion targeted at the student population in the context of self-isolation measures during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background and Study Aim. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between leisure satisfaction, physical activity levels and healthy life-style behaviors of sport science students during the COVID-19 pandemic in distance education. Material and Methods. In total, 218 sport science students participated in this study voluntarily. The short form of International Physical Activity Questionnaire was administered for the determination of physical activity level of distance education students. Their physical activity levels were categorized as inactive, minimally active, and physically active by using Metabolic Equivalent Term method. Health-promoting Life-style Profile Questionnaire was used with self-actualization, health responsibility, exercise, nutrition, interpersonal support, and stress management subscales. The leisure satisfaction scale was administered for the determination of leisure satisfaction. Results. Results of Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Analyses indicated that there were positive significant correlations between “HLSB” and three sub-dimensions of “IPAQ” (MIA, VIA and Total). It was found positive correlation between “HLSB” and all sub-dimensions of “LSS” (Psychological, Educational, Social, Relaxation, Physiological and Aesthetical). Also, a significant positive correlation was found between four sub-dimensions of “LSS” (Social, Relaxation, Physiological and Aesthetical) and one sub-dimensions of “IPAQ” (W). It was observed that one sub-dimensions of “LSS” which is “Aesthetical”, and a positive correlation between all sub-dimensions of “IPAQ” was found. Conclusions. The findings of the present study indicated that healthy life-style behaviors were indicators of LSS and IPAQ and also aesthetical was found between IPAQ of sport science students.

Background and Study Aim. To determine the perception of self-sufficiency and burnout levels of students studying in the faculty of sports sciences during the Covid-19 pandemic. Material and Methods. This cross-sectional descriptive-correlational study was performed in the Sports Science Faculty of İnönü University of Turkey which forms the universe of the study. In addition, "Perception of General self-sufficiency" and "Burnout Level Scale" were used in the study. T-test and One-Way ANOVA tests were used to perform the differential analysis and Pearson Product Moment Correlation analysis was used to determine the correlation between variables. In addition, regression analysis was performed by creating dummy variables in order to predict the dimensions. Results. The students’ general self-sufficiency perception scores were found to be above average and their burnout levels were found to be below average. It was observed that the general self-sufficiency perception scores differed in terms of the class variable, and the burnout level scores differed in terms of class, family income level and studied department variables. In the correlation analysis that was carried out, it was understood that there was a mutually inverse and significant correlation between the dimensions of the scale. With the regression analysis, it was determined that the first-grade level scores were an independent significant predictor for both self-sufficiency and burnout scores, and the lowest income level scores were only an independent predictor for burnout level scores. Conclusions. It can be said that students at the faculty of sports sciences are not overly affected by the Covid-19 Pandemic and the results are as desired. It can be suggested that the perception of self-sufficiency and burnout scores to be correlated and predicted with different variables.

Purpose : to conduct a comparative analysis of performance of national teams in major international competitions in various stages of formation and development of the Ukrainian powerlifting. Material : analysis protocols World and European championships for men and women, juniors and juniors, boys and girls, the veterans. Results : the highest achievement systematized members of national teams of Ukraine. The data Ukrainian competitions for the period from 1989 to 2012. The largest number of participants recorded in 2001 (575 athletes). Oscillatory nature of the dynamics set number of wins Ukrainian athletes at different stages of development of the Ukrainian powerlifting. Noted that there are changes in the number pattern gold awards in conjunction with the number of participants of Ukrainian championships. Conclusion : experts recommend using the data analysis process of fundamental laws of modern development of the sport. Creatively to predict future trends and prospects in powerlifting.

The aim is to test preparedness of Greco-Roman style wrestlers. It is analysed battles of 41 wrestlers conqueror of the finals of the competition. Found that competition on the world stage in the Greco-Roman wrestling is high, the leader is constantly changing. It was determined that the effectiveness of the use of technology at the Olympic Games in 2008 is significantly higher (26%) than in the Olympic Games in 2012 revealed three weight groups: small (55 kg, 60 kg), medium (66 kg, 74 kg, 84 kg), heavy (96 kg, 120 kg). Found that in the Greco-Roman tendency to simplify the technology, increase the intensity of the match. It was revealed that at the Olympics in 2008 the performance indicator is higher than at the Olympic Games in 2012 in all weight groups. Found that the most informative for evaluating the technical and tactical capabilities fighters carries the final part of the competition, which is determined by the efficiency, effectiveness, technical arsenal.

The indexes of efficiency of playing activity of basketball-players of youth collapsible command of Ukraine were studied in the games of championship of European of 2012. Playing indexes are analysed 16 commands of division A in 70 games of championship, the individual indexes of leading basketball-players are considered. It is set that basketball-players on all of the tools of indexes technical tactical actions in an attack had a result above average, in defence their indexes were below middle. It is marked that on the average commands for meeting executed 60,5 attacks on a ring from a game with the percent of hit 36,8 % (for 61,3 point). The greatest percent of hits 41,5 % it was exposed at the command of Spain. The collapsible command of Ukraine on the average for a game collected 70,4 point. A percent of hit from the game of the Ukrainian basketball-players was 37,8 %. On championship on the average for the game of command 18,1 got a foul.

The different aspects of estimation are considered to technical tactical preparedness of sportswomen in a handball. It is shown technical tactical activity of leading handball womanish commands on Olympic Games 2012. Quantitative and high-quality indexes were registered technical tactical actions in an attack and defence. Analysis effectively-meaningful indexes technical tactical actions took a place taking into account implementation of amount of throws on a gate, percent of their realization, amount of penalty throws and to the percent of their realization, amounts of effective transmissions and intercepts, blocking. Differentiation of effective throws was conducted on a gate after a position attack and counter-attack. The method of study of competition activity of skilled handballers is considered. A method includes the estimation of volume, variety and efficiency of attacking and protective actions. The basic indexes of sporting technique are certain and to sporting-technical to preparedness of sportsmen. The indexes of tactical trade of sportswomen are exposed.

Background: Overhead athletes require a delicate balance of shoulder mobility and stability in order to meet the functional demands of their respective sport. While musculoskeletal symptoms (LBP) [1] is one of warning against the consequences recorded in abnormal posture, bending, twisting, gardening and exercise levels among the sportsmen. Based on this theorem, the current study aims to determine the strong factor which affects mobility and stability among soccer players under 21 years. Material: 163 male players qualified from the Algerian football championship, engaged in the present study, selected by the intentional manner their average age 19,56±1.22 years. They were tested by saving tests (Body Fat Percentage (BFP) -Abdominal test (Abdo) - Modified Bass Test of Dynamic Balance (DB) and standing balance (SB)). As a statistical model, we chose regression analysis to predict the superiority of the variables chosen in the current study. Results: Based on the analysis statistics, we confirm: a) The high percentage of BFP is a great risk on the levels strengthens abdominal. b) The maintenance of stability (SB) depends on the additional BFP associated with the BMI ratio as being higher factors predicting the total amount of body weight related to the risks of instability. c) Maintaining dynamic mobility (DB) with respect to the displacement of the centre of gravity and its base support in the motion chain is based on excess body fat (BFP) in relation to body mass index (BMI) and Abdominal muscle strengthening levels (ABDO), as higher factors predicting the amount of weight gain. Conclusions: Founded on the variances acquired by the search, we highlight the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and body fat percent (BFP) as betters index predicting the influence of total amount body weight on mobility and stability among soccer players up to 21 years age. Evidence guide us to recommend, the evaluation of body composition as a part of body management and control. Where strong relationships between BMI and BFP suggests the anomalies postural, muscle coordination, movement control, balance and awareness of body position in both the tests.

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of sleep deprivation on the dribbling skills of football players. To this end, 22 students of Sahand University, with age range (20-24 years) performed dribbling skill in the pre-test and post test stages. In this study to assess this skill, the test "Mor - Christian" has been used. In the first step, subjects conducted the dribble test as pre-test after 8 hours sleep a night. 10 days later, to ensure the validity of tests and test results on the learning effect, subjects did the same test again after 8 hours sleep a night. In the third stage, 36 hours of sleep deprivation as an independent variable imposed on the subjects and then the test was repeated and experimental test results were compared as recorded using paired t-test. The findings showed that 36 hour sleep deprivation decreases dribble implementation skills (p

Background and Study Aim. The present study investigated the effect of a 5x5 exercise program on sleep quality, fatigue, neck pain, head posture, daily walking, sitting, sleeping and smartphone usage time. Material and Methods. An exercise program was applied to 54 university students (17 males, 37 females) between October and November 2019. The five exercises lasted approximately 15- 20 minutes in each training session (diaphragmatic breathing, axial neck extension, cervical stabilization, pectoral stretch, and shoulder retractor strengthening) that was performed 5 times a day, 5 days a week for 5 weeks. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Neck Disability Index (NDI), Forward Head Posture (FHP), number of daily steps, sitting time, sleep time, and smartphone usage time were compared before and after the exercise program. The Paired Samples t-test was used to compare differences between the pre-exercise and post-exercise variables. Statistical significance level was set at 0.05. Results. Following the 5-week exercise program, sleep quality improved, and levels of neck disability and fatigue were lower and the differences were statistically significant (p<0.05). No change was determined in FHP, daily sitting time and daily number of steps, sleep hours, and smartphone usage time (p>0.05). Conclusion. The 5-week program of posture correction, stretching and strengthening exercises improved sleep quality, fatigue levels, and neck disability. The findings of this study can be used to improve the sleep quality, fatigue and neck problems of both students and sedentary workers.

Purpose : The aim of the study was to determine the differences in 7-9-year-old children’s motor abilities based on the qualifications of their elementary school P.E. teachers. Material : The two groups of teachers analyzed were graduates of the faculty of physical education and sports science (fully qualified physical education teachers) and those of the faculty of pedagogy, specialized in early education (early education teachers). The studies were conducted in 12 elementary schools in northeastern Poland and involved a group of 1,205 7-9-year-old students. Eleven motor tests were used to adequately assess the levels of the children's motor abilities. Results : The study results confirmed that teaching qualifications influence motor abilities of children of both sexes although, more significantly in boys, which may stem from their higher ecosensitivity. Conclusions : The highest number of significant differences between the results of individual motor trials occurred among third graders, with students of fully qualified teachers achieving better results. This may be connected with the longer period of participating in well-thought-out P.E. lessons

Purpose : considered self-appraisal adequacy of students’ physical abilities of students of pedagogical specialties involved in various forms of education. Material : the study was conducted with students of II and IV courses of the Faculty of Primary Education stationary and correspondence courses (total 120 people.). Used a technique of self-appraisal of physical development, technique of rapid assessment of physical health, motor tests. Results : set the direction for the development of the values of physical culture and self-improvement of physical abilities that depend on the adequacy of the self-assessment of their physical development and physical fitness. The comparison of subjective and objective indicators for assessing physical health and physical fitness of students. Highlighted significant differences in the direction of re-evaluation of their physical abilities in students of correspondence courses. Conclusions : It is recommended to use the self-appraisal methodology of physical development to determine the degree of objectivity of self-confidence, which determines the motivation for self-improvement.

Purpose: to substantiate and realize modern electronic technological means for perfection of test control of students’ power abilities in special health groups. Material: materials of students’ test control have been used in the research. Results: we have developed electronic system for test monitoring of students’ power abilities. Besides, we showed possibilities of innovative automated methodic application for test monitoring of students’ power abilities. Strict regulation of monitoring significantly decreases dispersion of error and raises reliability of test. The mentioned monitoring system removes dependence of result on teacher’s subjective perception of information. Conclusions: Implementation of the offered system of monitoring of students’ power abilities’ functional state ensures promptness of confident testing results’ reception. It will facilitate effectiveness of control in students’ physical education.

Aim: This study investigated the association between motor performance and somatic type, anthropometric, body composition, physiologic and physical fitness profile in young wrestlers. Material: 16 young wrestlers aging 16-19 with a 4-year-experience of taking part in national championships were selected for the study. Following the standard methods in the testing center of Alborz province some tests like aerobic power, muscular endurance, flexibility and agility speed tests and 1RM were taken to integrate the participants. Also, it should be noted that the participants’ height, weight, the girth of thigh, elbow, calf and arm and skin thickness were measured. Results: Somatotype, Somatotype Attitudinal Distance (SAD), Height Weight ratio (HWR) were calculated according to Carter and Heath anthropometric method. Body Fat Percentage (%BF), HWR and SAD resulted in 10.90±1.64, 43.27±0.87 and 0.94±0.87 respectively. Somatotype Standard Deviation and mean regarding endomorphic, mesomorphic and ectomorphic components were 2.16±0.46, 5.20±0.77 and 2.88±0.64 respectively. Physiologically, wrestlers VO2MAX (kg/min) were 49.31±4.22 and their Resting Heart Rate (bpm) were 68.31±6.64. Conclusion: As the present study illustrates, Somatotype of the Endomorphs, Mesomorphs and Ectomorphs were the same. As a result, coaches can plan wrestlers’ training programs and review of techniques based on anthropometric and physiologic data driven from their sports performances.Besides, wrestlers could be well-informed about their performance. Moreover, aforesaid information could be beneficial to wrestling federations and all other organizations contributing the wrestling federation while holding talent identification programs and recognizing young wrestlers.

Purpose: to determine the level of formation of the communicative abilities of students of pedagogical universities. Material : the study involved 50 students. The program included a self-study in the amount of 6 hours dedicated to conducting primary instruction. Students were also present during the primary instruction by experienced professionals. Results : assessment by experts showed that the level of communication skills and psychological preparedness during primary instruction in students study groups vary. Thus, the average score of students of the experimental group was 4.7 points, the control group - 3.9 points. Highlighted areas of formation at students of applied professional knowledge, skills and abilities to conduct studies on improving aerobics. Conclusions : the recommended curriculum for independent work in the amount of 6 hours. Also recommended to determine the level of manifestation of relevant skills and personal qualities and professional students.

Background and Study Aim. The physical fitness of students is characterized by the level of their abilities development to perform movements of varying complexity. One of the important components in the system of movements is coordination skills. The aim of the study is to identify the level of special and general coordination of students majoring in "Choreography" and provide recommendations for the development of coordination skills in the process of studying modern-jazz dance. Material and Methods. The study involved students of the first and second year of study (n = 10, at the beginning of the study (1 year) age - 17.4 ± 0.7 years) majoring in "Choreography". Tests were used to determine the level of development of general and special coordination skills. The level of coordination readiness at the beginning of training and after three semesters of training was determined. The study was conducted over three semesters (September 2019 - December 2020). Curricula for students’ training do not include the discipline "Physical Education". The development of physical qualities is the task of special subjects in the course of professional training: 16 hours per week. The workload of students in modern-jazz dance was 2 hours a week. Forms of study for a certain period - full-time (70%), online learning (10%), mixed (20%). In September 2019 and in December 2020, the same students passed selected tests. Results. The following significant changes in increasing the coordination level of the abilities were determined: to control temporal and spatial factors of movements; coordination of movements in combination; vestibular stability; musical-rhythmic coordination (p

Purpose : To analyze the effect of specialization (football, basketball, athletic gymnastics) on the dynamics of functional and motor abilities of students of 3-5 years. Material : In pedagogical study involved 171 students. Recorded the following parameters: heart rate, running 100 meters, long jump from their seats, pull-up bar. Results : The analysis of the results of the index Rufe samples Stange, Genchi, Romberg. The dynamics of the development of functional status and motor abilities of students. The degree of influence of different breakout sessions focus on the development of functional and motor abilities in men. Conclusions : There is a significant improvement targets cardiovascular, respiratory, strength, agility, coordination, speed and power abilities in the process used specializations.

The aim of the present research was the physical abilities diagnosis of Alpine skiing skiers and tennis players, as well the comparison of these before and after the ski period. The sample of 54 individuals emanated from two teams of different sports: skiing (N = 28) and tennis (N = 26), while the level was advancing for both. For the diagnosis and the comparison of physical abilities used four tests of Alpine skiing on dry ground the same day of December 2008 and April 2009 respectively: 30m flight start, eight continuous jumping, slalom on "folder", jumping up and down on a step with height 40cm x 40sec. The statistical analysis done with SPSS 18 program, included controls t - test, p=bilateral, for dependent samples and correlation analysis at significance level a= 0.05 with freedom degrees df = N - 1. In conclusion, in the present research the ski team (men and women) presented the improvement afterwards the season in 2 of 4 tests and in the corresponding physical abilities (explosive force, t = 2,970, p < .01 and agility t = 3.533, p < .00), while also the tennis team (men and women) presented improvement in 2 of 4 tests (explosive force, t = 2,397, p < .02 and anaerobic ability, t = 3.192, p < .00). Finally the common characteristic of the two teams was the performance improvement in the explosive force and their decreased attribution in speed.

Measured coordination abilities (baseline) to the static and dynamic equilibrium of the body, the space-time orientation on the support and in unsupported position, proprioception sense, vestibular stability, vestibular sensitivity, coordination limbs symmetrical and asymmetrical. Coordination abilities were also measured under difficult conditions. The study involved 238 students aged 17 - 18 years. Registered a positive trend of improving performance motor tests, development of educational material. Students who specialize in difficult to coordinate sports had significantly better performance. Found that the content of the material work programs of sports and educational disciplines helps improve sensorimotor coordination tasks students. It is noted that the content of the training material is the basis for efficient formation of motor skills and motor skills development of gymnastic exercises. Recommended ways to increase sports and technical and professional skills of students.

The present study has been accomplished in order to examine the prevalence of postural abnormalities of male students. The statistical community was the whole male students in the university. From this community 300 students within the ages range of 18 - 22 were selected randomly as the investigation subjects. Data were obtained by a questionnaire, podoscope, a digital camera (taking photos of the subjects from Anterior, Posterior and lateral views) and the software for corrective exercises provided by Iran ministry of education. After that the investigation was finished the abundance percentage was used to express the postural abnormalities percentage of the research subjects. The results show that cervical lordosis and flat foot are the most prevalent abnormalities with18.66 and 17.66 percent respectively, and torticollis and knee hyperextension have less prevalence in investigation subjects. The results show that among all of the participants in the investigation, 140 students (46.66 %) have no abnormalities, 160 students (53.34 %) have at least one, and 70 students (23.33 %) have more than one. From this study it is obvious that the prevalence of the postural abnormalities among the statistical subjects is high. Therefore the need to a serious program concerning the abnormalities, especially ordering corrective exercises and also preparing the way for students to have physical activities seems to be inevitable.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to find out whether safe falling programs for patients with visual impairment or limb amputees, as a prospective modern adapted physical activity, gained acceptance from physiotherapy students and people with disabilities. Material: The study consisted of three stages. The sample included 189 participants. The preset inclusion criterion (adequate attendance during the training) was met by 134 students and all the participants with visual impairment (n = 6) and after limb amputation (n = 8). Results: The opinions that implementation of STSFT programs for patients with visual impairment or after limb amputation, expressed by physiotherapy students (about 94% and 95% of students at stages I and II respectively) and patients with disabilities (100% of amputees and 83% of patients with visual impairment at stage III), who learned to protect their bodies during collisions with the ground, indicate that the aforementioned empirically verified programs are effective. Conclusions: 1. Implementation of safe falling programs as an adapted physical activity for patients with visual impairment or after limb amputation may adversely affect their feeling of safety and motivation for practicing sports, tourism or other physical activities. 2. Physiotherapy students specializing in safe falling will contribute to a growing number of new workplaces and innovative services, both for able-bodied people and people with disabilities. Such a specialty will be essential for public health including improvement of the patient’s quality of life.

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to record the characteristics of Poland’s alpine skier’s (students) in relation to the frequency of accidents. In this research 66 skiers participated (50 men and 16 women). Methods: The specimens came by recreational skiers (beginners - advanced) in the ski resort in Passo Tonale (Italy). The research material came from analysis of completed questionnaires from 66 Polish skiers. They have recorded four categories of factors: a) individual factors b) factors of preparation in the snow in relation to injuries c) factors of preparation in dry ground in relation to injuries d) factors of injuries. Results: About 6,3% Polish skiers respondents had in the past, an accident in alpine skiing. In the Polish population the number of beginner skiers is overriding, with a few years of training in skiing, however with several days training a year using a ski instructor teacher for warming up and individual form of learning. Conclusions: Skiers who don’t had physical fitness preparation before the winter season, had a greater percentage of accidents and injuries. Polish skiers usually had limb injuries lower extremities (sprains) due to the reckless of the skiers.

Purpose: compare indicators of testing tourist skiers at different stages of the preparatory period to ski sports hike of third grade. Determine the effectiveness of training programs created to the tourists Categorical ski sports to prevent injuries and accidents in a limited time. Material: The study involved 13 people aged from 21 to 65 (4 women and 9 men) with different experiences of hiking trails and various levels of total tourist preparedness. Results: The test results obtained before beginning the process of preparation are treated upon its completion, and immediately after passing categorical hike. In practice, the effectiveness of the proposed training programs of tourists to ski sports tours is proved. Conclusions : The created program can be recommended to tourist clubs, associations and organizations as the base in preparation for ski sports campaigns for the prevention of accidents and injuries.

Purpose: to investigate the special physical fitness rugby, who were engaged in the experimental procedure. The technique is based on the application of the developed relations training load. Material : the study involved 60 athletes aged 16-18 years. Results : the program presents the main provisions of special physical preparation of athletes in the preparatory period of training macrocycle. Value for training work on special physical preparation as follows: September - the main emphasis is placed on special endurance and was 100 % of the training time; October - special endurance - 70%, strength endurance - 20% power capacity - 10%; November - respectively 50, 30, 20 %, December - 30, 40, 30 %. Conclusions : the proposed construction of a pilot version of training is more effective than traditional. It allows rational selection of training load. Also contributing to the priority development of physical qualities, gaming specialization athletes.

Purpose: to develop an individual model of competitive activity of qualified female runners to achieve the planned sports result of 100 m. Material: for qualified athletes (n = 88), using video-computer analysis, individual characteristics of speed dynamics in running for 100m and kinematic parameters of running for different distances were recorded. The tensodynamograms of the manifestation of the strength of muscle groups carrying the main load in the structure of the sprint run of 18 short-distance runners of various qualifications were recorded and processed. Results: promising models of competitive activity in the 100m race for the planned sports result have been developed. Based on the model of a specific athlete, the main areas of work are determined, means and methods of training effects are selected. Conclusions: Practical realization of the developed model provided the necessary increase in indicators. This made it possible for female athletes (n = 8, age 19-21 years) to improve the average result in running the main distance (compared with the previous year) by 0.18 s.

Purpose: Presented results of the research to determine the features of the construction of the training process for young tennis players aged 5-6 years, in particular the specific application of pedagogical testing to test the level of development of their coordination skills. Material: The survey was attended by 30 experts. Results: Established that bigger part of coaches build the training process at the initial stage of preparation on the basis of the game approach and apply a program of the International Tennis Federation "Play and stay". About two-thirds of the coaches do not carry out a selection of tennis players aged 5-6 or make it only in individual cases. To assess the level of development of motor abilities are equally important coaches define pedagogical supervision and pedagogical testing. A significant proportion of respondents (43%) previously had experience in assessing motor abilities of tennis players 5-6 years by mean of pedagogical tests. Conclusions: Overwhelming majority of coaches support the idea of having to modify the tests in accordance with the age characterristics of tennis players aged 5-6 years and expediency of complex assessment of the level of development of their coordination skills.

The degree of trained and predisposition of work is certain from data of mechanisms of energy-supply of sportswomen. 40 students took part in research. The degree of trained sportswomen was determined on results a vectorcardiography. On the level of functional possibilities of heart of sportswomen were up-diffused on three groups. It was set that most corresponds the specific of group exercises the first group of gymnasts the heart of which is in a greater degree predispositioned to implementation of loadings of anaerobic and mixed orientation. The first group of sportswomen is characterized optimum accordance of processes depolarization and repolarization of ventricles and normal functioning of auricles. For the sportswomen of this group a heart works in the economical mode without tension. It is set that the account of compatible functionality at a selection in commands on group exercises comes forward the factor of increase of efficiency of competition activity of sportswomen.

Purpose: The purpose of the present study is to analyze throwing accuracy of basketball players in relation to their reasoning ability and depth perception. Materials and Methods : For present study, 200 intercollegiate basketball players (Ave. age = 21.34±1.87 years) were selected as sample. Johnson Basketball Throw for Accuracy (Passing Test) was the instrument which was used to assess shooting skills of selected subjects whereas reasoning ability of the selected subjects was assessed by MGTI prepared by Mehrotra (1984). To conduct the study, a 2x2 factorial design was used. Superior and inferior reasoning and perceptual abilities were ascertained by statistical method Q1 and Q3. 2x2 ANOVA results showed that the main effect of reasoning ability was not found to be statistically significant upon throwing accuracy of basketball players although it is close to .05 level of significance. Results : The main effect of depth perception upon throwing accuracy of basketball players turned out to be statistically significant. The two factor interaction effect of reasoning ability and depth perception upon throwing accuracy of basketball players was found to be statistically insignificant. Conclusion : It was concluded that reasoning ability and to some extent depth perception, are the two major variables which generate variance upon throwing accuracy of basketball players.

The results of investigation of the influence of motivation to succeed and the motivation to avoid failure of the interest in physical training of students and increase their physical activity. It is proved that success-oriented students show significantly higher levels of motivational readiness for such studies and aware of the importance of physical activity. Avoiding mishaps students clearly lacks willpower and cognitive interests. Therefore, the decreasing interest of students in physical education and a shortage of movement and deterioration of health. It is recommended that regular testing of students to self-knowledge of their physical and mental capacities. It is established that the system of pedagogical action provides better physical condition of students and their motivation for fitness activities. It contributes to an optimal level of physical development, functional fitness, physical fitness and physical health.

The aim was to improve the process of preparation of skiers in preparation for higher achievements. It is spotted urgency of introduction of individualization in the training process, the principles and directions of realization. It is offered individualized relationship seen as consistent instructional techniques and forms of management training athletes. It is proved that increasing individualization rationality of functional reserves of athletes and prevent early retirement. Argues that the correction of the training process is the need for the development of genetic expression in the function of an athlete and popular sports specialization. It is noted that during the preparation of the highest achievements of a fundamentally important point is to ensure that the conditions under which the period of maximum susceptibility athlete to achieve the best results with the same period of the most intense and complex in the coordination for training loads.

The directions of the complex acrobatic exercises to enhance physical fitness and functional status of children. The experiment involved boys and girls aged 5 - 7 years of the preparatory group. It is noted that the use of acrobatic elements for the development of motor qualities in children brings a positive result. Found that the use of special acrobatic exercises on physical training promotes full development, allows us to develop a high level of motor skills and physical fitness. Found that the impact on athletic performance, exercise, positive motivation for physical education classes, emotional, diverse playing exercises, exercises to music. There is a significant interest and desire of children to exercise, a high performance in the classroom.

Purpose: the basic directions of the structure of long-term training in sports acrobatics are ground. The objectives of the study was to determine the leading requirements and criteria, the main stages of a multi-year training in acrobatics. Material : analysis of special scientific and methodical literature, revealing the specific features of the construction of long-term training in sports and gymnastics, acrobatic rock 'n' roll, a number of other sports. Results : general structure, goals, objectives and provisions of the basic stages of a multi-year training in sports acrobatics. Singled leading indicators and criteria for each of the main stages of long-term sports training in acrobatics. Recommended duration of training sessions and key requirements for the preparation of acrobats. Conclusions : outlines the main requirements and benchmarks that can guide the trainer in a training and competitive activity when working with acrobats all age groups and different sports qualification.

Questions of efficiency of training process and competitive activities are considered. The possibilities of accounting in preparing the athletes of the laws of biomechanics and anthropometric characteristics of individual athletes. The experiment involved 16 qualified athletes (age 19-25 years) engaged in hand to hand combat. Revealed that body movement back and forth (back slope protection and application of direct counterattacking punch) should be regarded as rotational propulsion. It is shown that the length and mass of the parts of the body affect the moment of inertia. Emphasized that in order to determine the level of technical and tactical skills of athletes should conduct research in the field. The effect of the height-weight indices, the length and mass of parts of the body at the moment of inertia. Established their influence on the speed of the predominantly translational and rotational movements, the timing and energy performance of technical activities.

The results of appearances of collapsible command of university are considered on a free style wrestling for the last 5 years. Command composition consisted of 20 sportsmen, evenly up-diffused for to 7 gravimetric categories. It is set that 70-90% effective technical actions are carried out through the captures of feet. Physical and technical possibilities of sportsmen are selected. Sociological research is conducted among sportsmen. Principal reasons of unsatisfactory protective actions and use of unsuccessful counteract technique are exposed at the attacking actions of opponent with the use of captures of feet. Main directions of technical and physical preparation, allowing to promote their level and improve the results of appearance in competitions, are certain. Approaches of planning of training taking into account the individual features of sportsmen are recommended.

Purpose : to prove the superiority of techniques integrated approach to sports and recreational activities of students of special medical groups in the educational institution. Material / methods : the annual pedagogical experiment conducted on three groups that have been formed based on the results of preliminary studies based on diagnosis. Learning process based on the principle of improving training. Results : the advantages of an integrated approach to sports and recreational activities of students with disorders of the musculoskeletal system. Recommended approaches to increase physical and functional training. Also - the formation of a stable demand of motor activity, leading healthy lifestyles, in the acquisition of social status in the educational activity. Conclusions : the integrated approach will meet the educational needs of students to form a cultural competence of the individual in the preservation and conservation of health, ability to adapt and successfully implement their professional activities.

Purpose : to validate the effectiveness of biomechanical modeling of physical training of girls. Material : the study involved 90 girls aged 16-18 years (60 girls and recreation groups and 30 - sporting group aerobics). Results : during the study of quantitative biomechanical characteristics of the physical training of girls was identified the quantitative biodynamic and coordination structure of motor characteristics during aerobics. When comparing girls identified the best girls sports group thus constructed biomechanical model. For the considered model biodynamic structure includes the following indicators: GRAD; Fz max; Tmax; F max; Tsum; G; Tps. To the graphic model of the coordination patterns included the following indicators: EllS; MO(x); LY mm; Lх mm; JEF %;V mm/s; IV; R mm. Conclusions : obtain the quantitative biomechanical model of indicators of physical training of girls, which is the basis for objective justification and development of a technique of aerobics, and to use these biomechanical models as a control and the future of forecasting.

Background and Study Aim. Regular and reasonable physical activity seems to be one of the most recommended health-promoting human behaviours. The aim of the work was to determine the relationship between the declared and actual level of students' physical activity. Material and Methods. 118 students from the faculty of physical education aged 22.62±1.93 years participated in the study (61 men aged 23.12±1.78 years and 57 women aged 22.08±1.39 years). To determine the level of physical activity, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the three-axis ActiGraph GT3X accelerometer were used in order to record physical activity parameters and the amount of energy expenditure. Results. The largest absolute difference without gender division was found in the average duration of physical activity in the medium intensity zone (16.83%). Differences in the level of weekly level of physical activity were noted in the whole group (13.79%; p<0.01) as well as in the group of women (relative difference 18.07%, p<0.01) and in the group of men (9.74%, p<0.01). A high correlation was observed between weekly energy expenditure calculated on the basis of declared values and the actual energy expenditure (r=0.94; p<0.05). Conclusions. Research carried out as part of the study showed that students declare a higher level of physical activity compared to the actual performed activity. On this basis, it can be concluded that there is a risk of error in assessing the volume of physical activity in a survey. The study showed significant gender diversity in the frequency and duration of physical activity undertaken by the respondents.

Purpose: Irisin is defined as a myokine secreted by skeletal muscle contraction. Myokines are associated with energy metabolism and muscle regeneration capacity. They provide support for active muscles with acute or regular exercises. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of acute exercise on the hormone levels of irisin in taekwondo athletes. Material: Thirteen volunteer elite taekwondo athletes (7 males, 6 females) participated in the study between the ages of 16-20. At the beginning of the study, participants' body compositions were determined. Blood samples were taken before and after acute exercise at 8:00 am after overnight fasting. Plasma irisin hormone analyzes were determined by Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) method. The analysis of the data was tested with two-factor (time-gender) analysis of variance in repeated measures. Results: Significant differences were found between body weight, height and body fat percentage in both male and female athletes (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between the averages of age, sports experience and body mass index (p>0, 05). The effect of acute exercise and gender on irisin levels was not significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: As a result, it can be said that acute exercise and gender did not affect the hormone levels of irisin in elite taekwondo athletes.