Life

The liver’s crucial role in methylglyoxal (MG) metabolism is frequently overlooked in the literature. We present a perspective that enhances the current understanding of the role of methylglyoxal (MG) and the glyoxalase cycle in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and obesity, ultimately leading to type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Fructose may be a significant substrate contributing, particularly in contemporary times, to the flux of trioses in the liver, accounting for a substantial portion of MG production. The steady-state concentration of MG—and the subsequent modification of proteins—would then be determined by the flux of trioses, their utilization in lipogenesis, and their decomposition into MG, which is further converted into D-lactate by glyoxalase enzymes GLO1 and GLO2. Consequently, enhancing the activity and/or expression of GLO1 could potentially mitigate the adverse effects of fructose in the liver. Additional research and validation are required to confirm these biological pathways. These arguments are in favor of further research into safe and efficient ways to activate the glyoxalase pathway to lessen the negative effects of fructose metabolism that lead to insulin resistance (IR) and its related repercussions.

The genus Acidithiobacillus has been widely used in bioleaching, and novel strains in this genus, such as A. ferriphilus, have also been confirmed to possess bioleaching capabilities. In this study, an Acidithiobacillus ferriphilus strain, QBS3, was isolated from zinc-rich sulfide mine drainage using the gradient dilution method. QBS3 is a Gram-negative, 1.3 µm rod-shaped bacterium with small red colonies. It showed a high iron oxidation efficiency of 0.361 g/(L·h) and a sulfur oxidation efficiency of 0.206 g/(L·d). QBS3 has sphalerite bioleaching ability; using QBS3 for pure sphalerite bioleaching, 18.8% of zinc was extracted in 14 days at 1% pulp density. Whole genome sequencing was performed on QBS3. Functional prediction showed that 9.13% of the genes were involved in replication, recombination, and repair. Bioleaching-related genes were analyzed, including iron and sulfur oxidation genes, and carbon and nitrogen fixation genes. For iron oxidation, the Cyc2→RusA pathway and Iro→RusB pathway were found in QBS3. In terms of sulfur oxidation, QBS3 has an incomplete SOX system and lacks the SDO gene, but Rho and Trx may complement the SOX system, enabling QBS3 to oxidize sulfur. QBS3 has multiple sets of carbon fixation genes, and nitrogen fixation genes were also identified. A hypothetical sphalerite bioleaching model is proposed; this study provides a theoretical basis for the zinc sulfide ore bioleaching industry.

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In routine clinical settings, identifying the factors that influence the persistence of biologic therapies is crucial for tailoring psoriasis management to individual patient profiles. This study aimed to evaluate the real-world drug survival of tildrakizumab in patients diagnosed with plaque psoriasis at the Dermatology Department of HUCA and to explore the clinical predictors of treatment discontinuation. We conducted a retrospective, hospital-based analysis involving 100 patients treated with tildrakizumab (Ilumetri®) between 1 January 2021 and 30 April 2024. Kaplan–Meier estimates were used to construct survival curves, and multivariate analyses were performed using Cox proportional hazards regression models. Both crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated to assess potential differences across patient subgroups. The multivariate analysis identified statistically significant associations between reduced drug survival and the presence of psoriatic arthritis (p = 0.02), previous biologic exposure (p = 0.02), and arterial hypertension (p = 0.012). Other comorbidities did not demonstrate significant effects. The most common reasons for treatment discontinuation were primary inefficacy and suboptimal response in patients with arthritis. Overall, tildrakizumab demonstrated robust survival outcomes in this patient population, though diminished persistence was observed in those with prior biologic use, comorbid arthritis, and hypertension.

Skin is composed of three layers: the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. It is enriched with skin appendages, including hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands, which play essential roles in regulating fluid exchange, controlling body temperature, and providing protection against pathogens. Currently, skin regeneration treatments rely on transplantations. However, this approach has several disadvantages, including hemostasis at the recipient site, limitations in donor area closure, increased graft contraction, and hypertrophic scarring. Recent advancements in three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technologies have enabled the fabrication of structures that closely mimic native tissues, with the aim of enhancing tissue regeneration. Bioprinting offers several advantages, such as high reproducibility, precision, and the ability to create complex geometries. The most promising bioinks combine excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, with mechanical and rheological stability. This review highlights the most recent and innovative studies on 3D-printed bioinks in the field of skin tissue engineering. In particular, considering the growing interest in the regenerative potential of exosomes, we discuss cutting-edge research involving exosome-loaded bioinks and their potential to support skin regeneration and repair.

Sperm preparation is a critical step in assisted reproduction, aiming to isolate spermatozoa with optimal characteristics and high fertilizing potential. Traditional sperm selection methods involve centrifugation, which may cause sperm damage. Microfluidic sperm sorting (MSS) offers an alternative approach, mimicking the female reproductive tract environment, avoiding centrifugation, and reducing manipulation and processing time. This study aims to compare the performance of MSS and Swim-up (SU) in 26 normozoospermic, 31 hyperviscous normozoospermic, 15 oligozoospermic, and 9 asthenozoospermic subjects. Semen samples were collected from male subjects undergoing routine semen analysis at Careggi University Hospital, Florence. Sperm selection was carried out using both SU and MSS. The parameters assessed included sperm motility, viability, concentration, kinematics, DNA fragmentation (sDF), chromatin compaction, and oxidative status. Both SU and MSS improved sperm characteristics compared to unselected samples. MSS isolated high-quality spermatozoa with lower sDF and higher chromatin compaction than SU, not only in normozoospermic samples but also in samples with semen defects like hyperviscosity, low concentration and/or motility, and high sDF. In conclusion, the use of microfluidics may enhance the chances of successful fertilization and improve reproductive outcomes, especially for individuals with compromised semen quality where conventional methods may fail.

Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH), a catastrophic complication of connective tissue disorders (CTDs), manifests as rapid-onset hypoxemia, alveolar infiltrates, and progressive bleeding into the airways. While immune-mediated alveolar–endothelial injury primarily drives its pathophysiology, diagnosis is based on bronchoscopy and chest imaging. The clinical urgency lies in securing the compromised airway and stabilizing respiratory failure, a challenge increased by CTD-specific anatomical alterations such as cervical spine instability, cricoarytenoid arthritis, and subglottic stenosis. High-dose corticosteroids and immunosuppression are essential, while severe cases require extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or plasmapheresis. This comprehensive review introduces two novel approaches to address fundamental gaps in the management of CTD-induced DAH: a structured algorithm for a CTD-specific airway risk stratification tool, integrating anatomical screening and the application of lung ultrasounds (LUSs) for post-intubation CTD-induced DAH ventilation management. The need for a multidisciplinary team approach is also discussed. Despite aggressive care, mortality remains high (25–50%), underscoring the necessity for improved early recognition and intervention strategies for these high-risk patients.

Intra-tissue endoscopy, providing real-time images at all scales, from macroscopic to microscopic, from inside living tissue during surgical procedures, has revealed the existence of a body-wide fibrillar architecture that extends from the surface of the skin to the cell. Different types of cells are housed within this fibrillar architecture and gather together to carry out specific functions. This challenges the commonly accepted notion of the organization of living matter that associates separate organs with connective tissue packaging. We are thus confronted with the global nature of the living human body and its vital processes. This paper sets out to describe the architecture of this fibrillar network which could be assimilated with the fascial tissue and which attributes a more constitutive role to connective tissue. It also demonstrates how movements within this fibrillar network can occur with minimal local distortion while maintaining tissue continuity. The authors propose that the sliding of tissues can be explained by the existence of a highly adaptable fibrillar network that enables the sliding of distinct anatomical structures such as tendons and muscles, without any dynamic influence on the surrounding tissues. The authors propose a new model of tissue movement based on the observation of a ubiquitous dynamic polyhedric fibrillar network with an apparently dispersed and complex pattern of organization, that forms fluid-filled microvolumes, and is found everywhere in the human body. Furthermore, this fibrillar network appears to act as a force absorption system, in addition to providing a framework or scaffolding for cells throughout the body. Observation during intra-tissue endoscopy suggests that this fundamental architectural organization extends into the extracellular matrix that is the natural environment of all cells in the living body, regardless of their size, location or specific function.

This review’s main purpose is to draw attention to the possible influence of widely used bisphenols on the inflammatory process. Bisphenols are endocrine-disrupting chemicals that are produced worldwide in great quantities. From this point of view, it is very important to clarify their influence on innate immune reactions, which protect the integrity of the body against the action of various pathogens on a daily basis. The inflammation process consists of several key factors that are produced at different levels of this reaction. Each of these levels can be affected by endocrine disruptors, from the point of view of modifying either the immune system cells that intervene in this process or the way in which they produce inflammatory mediators. The development of new recommendations for the use of bisphenols is a complex issue given their influence on inflammatory processes. Because the immune system and immune response are so intricate, bisphenols may pose more risk to humans than is presently recognized. This paper discusses the classification of bisphenols, the fundamental mechanism of inflammation, the characterization of inflammatory mediators, and the current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms behind the impact of bisphenols on the inflammatory response.

Background: SARS-CoV-2 and influenza can present with similar clinical pictures in children, with symptoms and paraclinical particularities which might aid in the differentiation of the two entities and which can be suggestive of various complications. The present study aims to identify clinical and paraclinical differences between pediatric SARS-CoV-2 and influenza infection and to assess the utility of hematological parameters for prediction of their related complications. Methods: In this study, 266 children were retrospectively enrolled, divided into two groups: 129 children diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection and 137 children infected with influenza. In each case, particular symptoms were recorded, as well as hospitalization duration, pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission or O2 supplementation requirement. Parameters of the hemoleucogram and biochemistry parameters were also collected for comparative assessment. Results: SARS-CoV-2 infections were more commonly associated with digestive symptoms, whereas influenza infections implied longer hospital stays and higher likelihood of PICU admission necessity. Monocytes and lymphocyte/monocyte ratios (LMRs) were significantly higher in the SARS-CoV-2 group (p < 0.01, p = 0.02). Several hematological parameters, such as neutrophil/lymphocyte ratios, correlated with hospitalization duration in SARS-CoV-2 and influenza B infections (p < 0.01, p = 0.01), whereas LMR was predictive of respiratory distress (p = 0.02) in the same study groups. Conclusions: According to the study, monocyte levels and LMR can aid in the distinction of pediatric SARS-CoV-2 and influenza infections and LMR and NLR can be used particularly as predictors of complicated course of these infections.

Background: Heart failure (HF), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and atrial fibrillation (AF) frequently coexist, forming a high-risk triad that amplifies morbidity and mortality through shared pathophysiological mechanisms such as neurohormonal activation, fluid overload, and inflammation. Current risk stratification tools, including CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED, inadequately capture the complexity of these multimorbid patients. This study aims to explore the influence of comorbidities, hypertension severity, anticoagulation strategy, and risk scores on hospitalization outcomes in patients with coexisting HF, CKD, and AF. Materials and Methods: A retrospective case study was conducted on 174 hospitalized patients with HF, CKD, and AF. Clinical data included hypertension grade, HF phenotype (HFpEF vs. HFrEF), NYHA classification, renal function (KDIGO stage), stroke and bleeding risk scores (CHA2DS2-VASc: congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥ 75, diabetes, and stroke/TIA; HAS-BLED: hypertension, abnormal renal/liver function, stroke, bleeding, labile INR, elderly, and drugs/alcohol), comorbidities (neurological, psychiatric, COPD, and diabetes), anticoagulation type (DOACs vs. VKAs), and length of hospital stay. Statistical analysis included Spearman correlation, independent t-tests, and multivariate regression to evaluate associations between variables and clinical outcomes. Results: Most patients were elderly (mean age 75 ± 12), with advanced CKD (stage 3b) and systolic HF (77% HFrEF). Mean CHA2DS2-VASc was 5.67, HAS-BLED was 4.40, and ATRIA was 4.74, indicating high stroke and bleeding risk. Anticoagulation was predominantly via DOACs (69.5%). Hypertension severity did not significantly correlate with NYHA class (ρ = −0.14, p = 0.068). Neurological, psychiatric, and metabolic comorbidities showed no significant associations with HF severity. COPD and diabetes correlated inversely with CHA2DS2-VASc scores (ρ = −0.83, p = 0.014). No significant differences were observed in hospital stay between HF phenotypes or prior stroke history. In-hospital mortality was low (2.3%). Conclusions: Traditional risk scores do not fully capture the complexity of multimorbid patients. Metabolic comorbidities showed an inverse correlation with stroke risk scores, and no significant correlation was observed between hypertension severity and HF symptom burden. Hypertension and common comorbidities did not correlate with HF symptom burden, and metabolic diseases may paradoxically associate with lower stroke risk scores. These findings highlight the need for improved multimodal risk assessment strategies that consider the heterogeneity of multimorbid populations. Personalized, integrated approaches are essential to optimize anticoagulation, reduce hospitalization, and improve prognosis.

This study aims to assess the prevalence of neuropathic pain in the Moroccan population through a systematic review and meta-analysis using a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM). The PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analysis were followed. All observational prevalence studies, conducted in both the general population and hospital settings in Morocco, published before 1 December 2023, were included, provided that neuropathic pain was identified based on consensus criteria. The databases searched included PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the gray literature (Google Scholar). Data on the sample size, subgroups, sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of participants, as well as the methodology of each study, were extracted. The Joanna Briggs Institute tool for prevalence studies was used to assess the risk of bias. A random-effects generalized linear mixed model was applied for direct data adjustment, using Knapp–Hartung standard error correction. Heterogeneity was explored using Cochran’s Q test, Higgins’ I2 statistic, and prediction intervals. Subgroup analysis was performed based on underlying pathology, while meta-regression was conducted according to age and sex ratio. Publication bias was assessed using the Doi plot and LFK test. Sensitivity analysis was performed by stratifying studies based on their risk of bias. The statistical analysis was conducted using R software version 4.3.1 with the meta, metafor, metasens, and robvis packages. A total of 33 publications were identified, of which 17 studies were retained after removing duplicates and applying the eligibility criteria. These studies were published between 2013 and 2023 and included either the general population (one study) or patients with diabetes (seven), obesity (one), rheumatologic conditions (six), Parkinson’s disease (one), or cancer (one). The DN4 score was the most commonly used tool to diagnose neuropathic pain. The risk of bias was rated as low in two studies, moderate in eight, and high in seven. The pooled overall prevalence was 22% (95% CI [14.8; 31.5]) with an I2 of 98% (p < 0.01). In subgroup analyses, the prevalence was 19.9% among rheumatology patients, 10.2% in oncology patients, 9.4% in Parkinson’s patients, 26.6% in diabetics, 58.6% in obese individuals, and 10.6% in the general population. Meta-regression by sex indicated significantly lower prevalence in men, and prevalence increased with age but did not reach statistical significance. After stratification based on the risk of bias, the pooled prevalence was 15.4% for the two studies with a low risk of bias. The overall prevalence of neuropathic pain in Morocco is relatively high at 22%, with significant variability across medical specialties. However, this prevalence is likely overestimated. Stronger and higher-quality studies are needed to obtain more accurate estimates.

TNF-α is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a pivotal role in the regulation of immune responses. It is predominantly produced by activated macrophages, although other cell types, such as T lymphocytes and NK cells, also contribute to its secretion. TNF-α participates in various physiological processes, including cell proliferation and differentiation. Moreover, TNF-α has been implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Recent studies have highlighted the important role of TNF-α in neuropathic pain, a complex and frequently disabling condition caused by nerve injury or dysfunction. Increased TNF-α levels in the nervous system have been associated with the onset of neuropathic pain, contributing to neuronal sensitization and alterations in pain signaling pathways. This study supports the idea that TNF-α connects the immune system with the nervous system, thereby supporting our understanding of the neuroimmune interface of pain and bringing a potential treatment against neuropathic pain: targeting TNF-α. Anti-TNF-α antibody administration reduces pain behaviors and neuroinflammation in preclinical animal models. Simultaneously, clinical trials are evaluating the safety and efficacy of anti-TNF-α treatments, with preliminary results indicating promising outcomes in patients experiencing neuropathic pain. Here, targeting TNF-α goes beyond its conventional spectrum of inflammatory pathologies and initiates a new mechanism-based approach to defining neuropathic pain, thereby improving the quality of life of the individuals affected and bringing together an area of colossal unmet clinical need.

This study aims to identify parameters predicting COVID-19 inflammation score (CIS) response and survival probability in critically ill patients with hyperinflammation treated with the Janus kinase (JAK) 1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib. This is a single arm, non-randomized, open-label, phase-II study for frontline treatment in adults in the intensive care unit (ICU). Ninety-two critically ill COVID-19 patients with CIS ≥ 10 were treated in the RuxCoFlam trial (NCT04338958) with ruxolitinib between April 2020 and June 2021. Median ICU treatment duration was 15 days (range, 2–73). Out of 81 evaluable patients, 62 (77%) showed CIS reduction ≥ 25% on day 7 (CIS response). In multiple logistic regression analyses, higher CIS on day 0 (odds ratio (OR), 1.56; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01–2.41; p = 0.046) and male gender (OR, 4.76; 95% CI, 1.22–16.67; p = 0.024) were significantly associated with CIS response. Sixty-day survival probability was higher in CIS-responders compared to non-responders (74% vs. 32%; p < 0.001). Multiple Cox regression analysis revealed younger age (10-year difference) (hazard ratio (HR), 0.65; 95% CI, 0.46–0.91; p = 0.012) and CIS response (HR, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.08–0.45; p < 0.001) as significant parameters for survival probability. In conclusion, reduced risk of death in CIS-responders underlines the usefulness of CIS for the assessment of hyperinflammatory disorders, such as COVID-19, under JAK1/2 inhibitor therapy.

The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the adoption of virtual multidisciplinary teams (MDTs), transforming healthcare delivery through telemedicine. This review examines the integration of telemedicine into multidisciplinary care across various medical specialties, highlighting its benefits and challenges. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science, using keywords related to telemedicine and MDTs. Inclusion criteria focused on studies discussing telemedicine implementation in multidisciplinary care, as well as its effectiveness and impact on patient outcomes, while non-English studies, single-case reports, and articles lacking explicit discussions on MDT integration were excluded. Data extraction covered telemedicine platforms, specialties involved, patient satisfaction, and clinical outcomes. Our findings suggest that virtual MDTs enhance efficiency, accessibility, and patient satisfaction, particularly in remote and underserved areas. However, challenges, such as technological barriers, disparities in digital access, and maintaining effective team communication, persist. Despite these limitations, telemedicine has demonstrated significant potential in improving diagnostic accuracy and treatment coordination. Future efforts should focus on optimizing infrastructure, digital training for healthcare providers, and regulatory frameworks to guarantee long-term sustainability.

(1) Background: This study aimed to examine whether an experimental acrobatics curriculum, conducted three times a week, could lead to greater improvements in specific components of motor fitness-coordination, balance, agility, and speed-compared to the standard physical education program; (2) Methods: The research was conducted over a 16-week period and included 50 seventh-grade students, divided into an experimental group (EG, n = 25) and a control group (CG, n = 25). The experimental group participated in a program of acrobatics and skipping twice a week, while the control group followed the standard physical education curriculum. Motor skills tests were administered before and after the intervention using standardized methods; (3) Results: Results from the ANCOVA analysis showed significant improvements in flexibility, coordination, balance, and agility in the experimental group, with large effect sizes, confirming the effectiveness of the acrobatics and skipping program. However, the impact on speed was variable, indicating the need for specific exercises to improve this ability; (4) Conclusions: The findings are consistent with previous research, highlighting the superiority of specialized acrobatic exercises in enhancing overall motor performance in adolescents. Further research is needed to optimize acrobatics and skipping programs for maximum benefits in the development of motor skills and physical education.

Liver cirrhosis continues to be a major global health issue, contributing to high morbidity and mortality due to its progressive nature and associated complications. This review explores recent advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of liver cirrhosis and its related syndromes. Non-invasive diagnostic tools, such as elastography and serum biomarkers, have significantly improved early detection, reducing the need for liver biopsies. Advanced imaging techniques, including MRI and CT, further enhance diagnostic accuracy. In parallel, molecular and genomic research is providing new insights into the pathogenesis of the disease, paving the way for precision medicine. On the treatment front, pharmacological innovations, such as antifibrotic agents and targeted therapies, show promise in slowing disease progression. Endoscopic interventions like variceal banding are improving the management of complications, while advancements in liver transplantation and artificial liver support systems offer life-saving alternatives. Regenerative medicine, particularly stem cell therapy and tissue engineering, is emerging as a promising strategy for liver repair. Managing cirrhosis-related syndromes, including portal hypertension, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, and hepatorenal syndrome, now involves evolving therapeutic approaches such as transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) and novel pharmacotherapies. Prognostic scoring systems like the MELD and Child–Pugh are being refined with new biomarkers for better risk stratification. The future of cirrhosis care will likely involve the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning for early diagnosis and personalized treatments, alongside emerging therapies currently under investigation. Despite these advancements, challenges such as costs, accessibility, and healthcare disparities remain barriers to widespread adoption. This review highlights the importance of incorporating innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies into clinical practice to improve the outcomes for patients with liver cirrhosis and its complications.

Background: Defects of the foot and ankle area pose a significant challenge for both patients and surgeons. While the primary objective of microvascular free flap reconstructions of lower leg defects is limb preservation, there should be an effort to obtain the best functional and aesthetic results possible and to restore the patient's quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term post-operative functional outcome, health-related quality of life, scar quality, and aesthetic satisfaction in patients following microsurgical reconstructions of defects of the foot and ankle area. Methods: We conducted a monocentric, controlled cohort study of adult patients who underwent microsurgical reconstructions for defects of the foot and ankle area between 2006 and August 2022 at our department. As a control, we recruited healthy individuals. Patient-Reported Outcome Measures questionnaires were used to assess long-term results regarding functionality (LEFS: Lower Extremity Functional Scale), health-related quality of life (SF-36: Short-Form 36 Health Survey Questionnaire), scar quality (PSAS: Patient Scar Assessment Scale), aesthetic satisfaction (Aesthetic Likert Scale), pain at rest and activity (10-point Numeric Rating Scale) and usage of footwear. Results: Of the 55 potential patients who had received microvascular free flaps for reconstructions of ankle and foot defects and were eligible for study inclusion, 13 (23.6%) agreed to participate in this study. The study cohort consisted of 84.6% male subjects and the mean follow-up period was 8.6 years (±5.2). Significant moderate limitations were observed with regard to physical function of the lower extremity (LEFS: 42.5 ± 20.5, p = 0.002). Significant limitations were found in the SF-36 subscales of pain (55.8 ± 34.5, p = 0.019), physical functioning (55.0 ± 29.7, p = 0.013), and physical role functioning (38.5 ± 44.0, p = 0.006). The study yielded favorable outcomes with regard to aesthetic satisfaction (14.3 ± 4.4) and scar quality (23.5 ± 13.5). Out of all the patients, 61% were required to wear orthopedic shoes or insoles. Conclusions: Patients undergoing microsurgical reconstructions for ankle and foot defects experience moderate long-term physical limitations and persistent pain during activity. Furthermore, we observed a significant long-term impact on specific physical domains of health-related quality of life, whereas mental health seems less affected.

Proteomics has emerged as a transformative tool in biomedical research, enabling comprehensive characterization of protein profiles in complex biological systems. In preeclampsia (PE) research, quantitative proteomic analyses of plasma and serum have revealed critical insights into disease mechanisms and potential biomarkers. Through a systematic review of 17 studies (2009–2024), we identified 561 differentially expressed plasma/serum proteins (p < 0.05) in PE patients versus healthy controls, with 122 proteins consistently replicated across ≥2 independent studies. Stratified analysis by clinical subtype (early-vs. late-onset PE) demonstrated both concordant and divergent protein expression patterns, reflecting heterogeneity in PE pathophysiology, methodological variations (e.g., sample processing, proteomic platforms), and differences between discovery-phase and targeted validation studies. The trimester-specific biomarker panels proposed here offer a framework for future large-scale, multicenter validation. By integrating advanced proteomic technologies with standardized preanalytical and analytical protocols, these findings advance opportunities for early prediction (first-trimester biomarker signatures); mechanistic insight (complement system involvement); and personalized management (subtype-specific therapeutic targets). This work underscores the potential of proteomics to reshape PE research, from molecular discovery to clinical translation, ultimately improving outcomes for this leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity.

Over the last decade, the quality of neurosurgical procedures dramatically improved, also thanks to the development and increased accessibility of several technological recourses (e.g., imaging, neuronavigation, neurophysiology, microscopy), allowing to plan increasingly complex approaches, while reducing the risk of postoperative complications. Among these resources, three-dimensional rendering and simulation systems, such as virtual and augmented reality, provide a high-quality visual reconstruction of brain structures and interaction with advanced anatomical models. Although the usefulness of these systems is now widely recognized, the additional availability of proprioceptive (haptic) feedback might help to further enhance the realism of surgical simulation. A systematic literature review on the application of haptic technology in simulation of cranial neurosurgical procedures was made. Inclusion criteria were the usage of simulators with haptic feedback for specific neurosurgical procedures whereas the studies that did not include an evaluation of the surgical simulation system by a surgeon were excluded. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 studies were selected. Simulation in neurosurgery still lacks a system capable of rehearsing the entire procedure—from skin incision to skin closure—while providing both visual and proprioceptive feedback. Consequently, further advancements in this area are necessary.

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that severely impairs quality of life. Treatment typically involves a patient-oriented combination of medical therapies, surgery, and lifestyle modifications. However, data on the impact of surgical treatments on quality of life remain limited. This prospective monocentric study aimed to evaluate the effect of wide surgical excision in patients with moderate to severe HS (Hurley stage II/III) who were naïve to systemic biologic treatments. Between March 2017 and November 2022, 82 patients (51% female; 80% Hurley II, 20% Hurley III) underwent major surgical excision. Assessments were performed before surgery and at three and six months postoperatively. The primary endpoint was the change in Dermatologic Life Quality Index (DLQI); secondary endpoints included changes in pain (NRS-11) and disease severity scores. DLQI improved from 11.7 at baseline to 8.3 at three months and 4.7 at six months (p < 0.001). Pain scores and the modified Hidradenitis Suppurativa Score (mHSS) also significantly decreased (p < 0.001). In conclusion, major surgery significantly improved quality of life and pain in HS patients, confirming its essential role in a multimodal treatment approach. Patient-reported outcome measures are crucial for assessing treatment efficacy in HS.

This study presents the first comprehensive examination of 137Cs behavior in northern taiga ecosystems of the Kola Peninsula, a previously understudied region regarding radionuclide mobility. The background radioactive contamination of these ecosystems stems from global fallout and differs from more extensively studied contaminated areas. Twelve monitoring sites at varying distances from the Kola nuclear power plant were established to assess 137Cs accumulation in dominant plant species across three forest tiers. Gamma-spectrometric measurements revealed high mobility of 137Cs with specific activity ranging within 4.7–34.5 Bq/kg in trees, 8.4–164.8 Bq/kg in shrubs, and 15.0–94.5 Bq/kg in mosses. Notably, Ericaceae family plants demonstrated the highest accumulation capacity. 137Cs concentrations were significantly higher at the background site (30 km from the power plant) than in the sanitary protection zone, indicating no detectable influence from the nuclear facility. Strong correlations (up to |rs| = 0.93) between bioaccumulation indicators and soil properties were found—particularly with potassium content, exchangeable cation concentration, and organic matter content—suggesting that soil characteristics primarily determine 137Cs mobility. These findings highlight the potential risk of 137Cs movement through food chains in northern taiga ecosystems, with bioaccumulation coefficients exceeding those of central Russian landscapes and being comparable to those of Scandinavian taiga ecosystems.

Background: Individuals with maxillofacial deformities are concerned not only with their facial appearance but also experience dysfunctions of the stomatognathic system, including mastication, swallowing, speech, and breathing. These impairments may lead to negative psychological responses and a reduced quality of life. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the quality of life and analyse reported dysfunctions of the stomatognathic system in orthognathic patients prior to surgical intervention. Material and methods: The study group (SG) comprised 63 patients with maxillofacial deformities scheduled for orthognathic surgery. The control group (CG) consisted of 70 patients with malocclusions undergoing orthodontic treatment who did not meet the criteria for surgical intervention. Quality of life was assessed in all participants using the Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire (OQLQ), along with a self-reported questionnaire evaluating the presence of stomatognathic system dysfunctions (SS). Results: Significant differences were observed between the study groups regarding all quality-of-life indicators for orthodontic and orthognathic patients. Patients in the SG more frequently reported difficulties in the specified stomatognathic system functions compared to those in the CG. No statistically significant differences were found between SG patients with Class II and Class III malocclusions in terms of OQLQ scores or the frequency of reported SS dysfunctions. Regarding sex differences, women reported a lower overall quality of life and scored lower in social dimensions related to facial deformity and aesthetics compared to men. No significant correlations were observed between the age of orthognathic patients and quality-of-life assessment. Conclusions 1. Orthognathic patients exhibit a poorer quality of life and a higher prevalence of stomatognathic system dysfunctions compared to patients with malocclusions who do not require surgery. The type of skeletal deformity in surgical patients does not influence quality of life or the frequency of stomatognathic dysfunctions. 2. Unlike age, the patient’s sex is a significant factor in the quality of life before orthognathic surgery.

The recent reemergence of the monkeypox pandemic in non-endemic regions has raised serious concerns regarding the possibility of a global outbreak. The study employed various modules of the Schrodinger suite through Maestro V 14.1 for molecular docking, MD simulations, MM-GBSA, and FMO. To explore the drug potential of Kabasura Kudineer against the key proteins of the Mpox virus: E5, poxin, and DNA polymerase, a total of 982 chemical constituents belonging to this herbal formulation were investigated. The molecular docking studies revealed that chlorogenic acid, chebulic acid, rosmarinic acid, and citric acid had high binding affinities for E5, with docking scores of −13.3289, −11.3933, −9.8999, and −9.59471 kcal/mol, respectively. Likewise, caffeic acid, citric acid, and plumbagic acid have good binding affinities for poxin with docking scores of −8.49023, −6.80386 and −5.91719 kcal/mol, respectively. Plumbagic acid and delphinidin have considerable binding affinities for DNA polymerase with docking scores of −7.57867 and −7.55301 kcal/mol, respectively. In the MD simulation, chlorogenic acid, chebulic acid, citric acid, and rosmarinic acid exhibited remarkable stability with strong binding affinities for the E5, poxin and DNA polymerase. We further explored the stability of the E5 complexes by calculating the binding free energy every 20 ns for 100 ns. The ∆G bind values of chlorogenic acid, chebulic acid, and rosmarinic acid were 61.10, 78.14, and 75.49 kcal/mol at 0 ns. Hence, the research suggests that this formulation has antiviral potential against Monkeypox and can be used to inhibit viral replication in hosts and boost the antiviral immune response. Life 2025, 15, 771 https://doi.

The intestinal tract serves as a critical immune regulator in aquatic species, maintaining homeostasis and environmental stress resistance. This study evaluates the protective effects of melatonin (MT) on Litopenaeus vannamei (L. vannamei) under acute alkaline stress through a comprehensive analysis of intestinal morphology, antioxidant responses, apoptosis regulation, and microbial community dynamics. A total of six groups of melatonin treatment groups were designed. After another 2 months of breeding, a 96 h acute alkalinity stress experiment was conducted. Experimental supplementation revealed dose-dependent outcomes: 82.7 mg/kg MT significantly improved survival rates without affecting growth parameters, while higher concentrations (329.2 mg/kg) induced elevated apoptosis (p < 0.05). Histological examination demonstrated mitigated intestinal structural damage in MT-treated groups compared to non-supplemented controls under alkaline stress. Antioxidant capacity initially increased and then stabilized at optimal MT doses (82.7–165.1 mg/kg), accompanied by enhanced immune marker expression (p < 0.05). Microbial profiling indicated MT-mediated enrichment of commensal bacteria associated with polysaccharide metabolism, energy utilization, and intestinal immunity. This study establishes that melatonin exerts dose-dependent protection in L. vannamei under alkaline stress, balancing antioxidant enhancement, apoptosis modulation, and microbiome regulation to fortify intestinal health, with 82.7–165.1 mg/kg identified as the optimal therapeutic range for mitigating environmental stress without compromising physiological homeostasis. The results of this study establish an empirical framework for optimizing MT application in crustacean aquaculture, particularly highlighting its role in maintaining intestinal barrier integrity and microbial homeostasis under alkaline environmental challenges.