Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

A series of substituted (4E)-4-(benzylideneamino)-1,2-dihydro-2,3-dimethyl-1-phenylpyrazol-5-one compounds has been synthesized from 4-aminoantipyrine and substituted benzaldehydes. Their structures have been confirmed by their physical constants, UV, IR and NMR spectral data. The observed UV absorption maximum λmax(nm), IR frequencies νCN(cm−1), NMR δ(ppm) of C–H & CN chemical shift values have been correlated with Hammett substituent constants and F and R parameters using single and multi-linear regression analyses. From the results of statistical analysis, the effect of substituents on the spectral data has been studied. The antimicrobial activities of all the Schiff bases synthesized have been studied using Bauer–Kirby method.

A series of alkyliminophenols (HOC6H4)CNCnH2n+1CH3 where n are even parity number ranging from 0 to 16 have been isolated and their molecular structures were studied. The molecular structure of 3-((dodecylimino)methyl)phenol has further been ascertained via the single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis in which the compound possesses space group of P21/c. Crystal structures also revealed that the dodecyl chain in this molecule was fully extended in zig-zag form. The novel derivatives 1,3-oxazepine-4,7-diones with general formula (HOC6H4)CONCnH2n+1CHCH(CO)2 in which n are even parity numbers ranging from 2 to 18 have been synthesized from the reaction of 3-((alkylimino)methyl)phenol with maleic anhydride.

important properties of even-even nuclei as a function of the deformation parameter. The deformations of nuclei are important for understanding their shapes prolate or oblate. The quadrupole deformation parameters were calculated by the transition probability B (E2) for 18, 20, 22, 24, 26,28Ne isotopes, were adopted different interactions three. The calculations are performed with the Bohr-Mottelson (B-M) effective charges, which represent the effect of the core-polarizations. Also, the deformation parameters were calculated for different nuclei and adopted two methods of calculation: from reduced the transition probability (B2) and from the intrinsic quadrupole moment. In calculations, the Shell model is adopted.

This paper presents the design of a low phase noise voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), which offers higher transconductance (gm) by the use of parallel MOSFETs. Here, two NMOS transistors are connected in parallel with the cross-coupled NMOS transistors of a conventional cross-coupled VCO. So, the total negative conductance offered to the circuit to cancel out the parasitic resistance of the LC-tank is increased. This negative conductance is achieved without dealing with larger transistor size or any other passive elements. Hence, power dissipation and silicon area are reduced. Further, dynamic threshold MOSFET (DTMOS) with a capacitive division technique is implemented to increase the voltage swing, leading to a further decrease in phase noise. The proposed VCO is designed and simulated in UMC 180 nm technology. It achieves a tuning range of 1.58e1.60 GHz about 200 MHz, with 6.09 mW power consumption at 1.1 V supply voltage. The phase noise is obtained �40.6 dBc/Hz at 1 kHz and �120.44 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz respectively. So, it should be used in transceiver and PLL blocks for low voltage and low phase noise applications.

Total of eight districts within Kirkuk city were selected for investigating the effect of combined sewer–rainwater streams on children health during the period from August 2017 to the end of January 2018. Selected districts were sub-divided into two study cohorts (A and B) according to their sewer drainage systems and the total of (160) children living at the study cohorts at the age of (1–5) years were volunteered as the study population and were monitored for infections by subjecting them to a specific questionnaire. Analysis of the results obtained after six months of surveillance showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in disease incidence among the children of cohort-A in recording (1482) infection cases compared to only (593) infection cases were recorded amongst children of cohort-B. On the other hand, a significant increase (p < 0.05) in disease incidence was noticed in the two study cohorts (A and B) during hot seasons with a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the disease incidence shown by children of cohort-A compared to the recorded infection cases in cohort-B. As a consequence, a number of air samples were taken from different locations and distances above the front door duct slots of the study cohort-A regions and were subjected to a number of microbiological assays where results of Gram's staining indicated the isolation of different bacterial strains mainly of the Enterobacteriaceae strains. Further microbiological diagnosis of the isolates revealed the dominance of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains within the isolates. Besides, the significant decrease in rainfall and the accumulation of solid wastes in the streams all together had possibly increased the emission of pathogenic bacteria within sewer gases discharged through the front door rainwater duct slots which probably led to the increase in diseases incidence recorded among children of the study cohort-A.

The surface tension and viscosity of sodiumdodecyl sulfate (SDS) in water and in 0.10, 0.20, 0.30 and 0.40 volume fractions of methanol in water at 298.15 K, 308.15 K, 318.15 K and 323.15 K are measured. The critical micelle concentrations (CMCs) of the solutions are determined from both the surface tension and viscosity. The critical micelle concentrations (CMC) of SDS in water as well as in methanol-water mixture are found to increase with increase in temperature. The CMC of SDS increases with the addition of methanol. The surface properties, such as the surface excess concentration Гmax, minimum surface area Amin, surface pressure πcmc and packing parameter P are calculated from the surface tension data. Viscosity B coefficients of the SDS solutions are calculated using the relative viscosity data.

Ultrasonic velocities and densities and viscosities of parachloroacetophenone with alcohols have been measured at temperatures range from 303.15 K to 318.15 K over the entire composition range of mole fraction. Theoretical ultrasonic velocities were correlated by using Nomoto's relation (UNOM), Impedance relation (UIR), Ideal mixing relation (UIMR), Junjie's relation (UJ) and Rao's specific velocity (UR). The theoretical and experimental values found good agreement with molecular interaction parameter (α) and chi square Goodness-of-fit test (Χ²).

Ultrasonic velocities and densities of binary liquid mixtures containing quinoline and mesitylene have been measured at temperatures T = (303.15,308.15,313.15 and 318.15) K over the entire molefraction range of quinoline under frequency of 3 MHz. Theoretical velocities have been evaluated by using Nomoto (UNOM), Impedance (UIMP), Van-Dael and Vangeel (UVDV), Junjie (UJUN) and Rao's specific velocity (URAO) models. A good agreement has been found between experimental and theoretical values. U2EXP/U2IMX has also been evaluated for non-ideality in the liquid mixtures. The results are discussed in terms of intermolecular interactions between the component molecules of the binary liquid mixtures.

The techniques modern used to encrypt text data play an important role in preventing unauthorized access. The AES algorithm is widely used in various cryptographic applications, but coz the algorithm has been subjected to several successive attacks, the need is necessary to improve the algorithm and make it more powerful the algorithm.In dis search will be inserted plaintext 1024 will be divided into four blocks each Block consists of 256 bits and each Block will pass the four stages represent(substitution,shift,Mix column and round key).A new step will be added to the four stages of permutation. Where chaos theory is adopted in the permutation stage and the shift phase.DNA will be adopted at the phase of the Mix and add round key stage due to it's high storage capacity. The time taken in the coding and decoding in the proposal enhancement algorithm will take a few milliseconds. The output will be measured using a five statistical test and a 16NIST Test. The results showed excellent efficiency in terms of randomness used in the proposal, thus preventing the tractor of sensitive data in an unsafe environment.

The acquisition of 3D body measurements by computer vision-based remote sensing is becoming extremely substantial in clinical studies nowadays. Thus, accurate 3D models of human anatomical surfaces are required in many clinical routines like disease diagnosis, patient follow-up, surgical planning, computer assisted surgery and different biomechanical applications. These models can be generated from different imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT). However, 3D conventional medical imaging like CT scan have serious limitations in application such as exposing the patient to ionizing radiation due to repeated scans, highly cost imaging process, failure to provide color texture information, and also lacking to apply the process in standing position. Recently 3D model reconstruction using stereo-photogrammetry have been taken into consideration as a reliable alternative technique to CT scan. This is particularly true because photogrammetry can achieve accurate 3D models with low cost and high accuracy results and further considered a non-invasiveness and non-irradiating technique if compared to CT imaging. In this paper, 3D digital models generated by close range photogrammetry (CRP), is investigated for validation against CT scan models (Stereo-Lithography (STL)) which expressed as gold standard models. This is particularly applied to propose using CRP as an alternative nonirradiated solution to X-ray radiated imaging to provide accurate 3D measurements for plastic surgery treatment in certain medical cases. Two 3D plastic models used as test objects in this research and therefore scanned by CT scan device and hand-held digital camera. The accuracy assessment was carried out using cloud-to-mesh (C2M) function followed by co-registration process between each pair of 3D corresponding surfaces. The C2M deviation distances computed and analyzed for all tested models. The RMSE values for deviation distances between individual pairs of 3D corresponding surfaces were found to be several parts from millimeter in both tested objects. Statistical analysis was also applied which shows no significant differences between both compared generated models. Validation measurements of specific regions within the models were carried out by computing the relative difference between both techniques which found to be clinically adequate and medically accepted for application.

We numerically employ the differential algebraic technique to calculate the third and fifth-order geometric aberrations coefficients, which are derived by using the map method, of the magnetic exponential lens model. These coefficients are calculated for object magnetic immersion (OMI). The magnetic exponential model is used as an example for the magnetic round lens to calculate the coefficients. The numerical electron optical results are perfectly in match with the analytically results with a very small relative error (10E-10 - 10E -12 ). The DA advantage technique is a very compendious, effective, proper, and accurate for analysis of electron optical aberration. The COSYINFINITY 10 code is used in our calculations.

The pulsed laser ablation of a metallic target in the liquid (PLAL) is a modern and good method for creating a variety of nanomaterials that have piqued the interest of researchers in the last decade. It is used in this work to prepare zinc nanoparticles and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnPNs and ZnO NPs) using Nd: YAG laser with the two wavelengths (532 nm) and (355 nm) using the energies (600 mJ) and (500 mJ) respectively, and the number of the pulse (500, 600, 700, 800, and 900 Pulses); for each wavelength used in this work. The properties of the prepared NPs were studied by diagnosing them by (UV-Vis, FTIR, AFM, XRD, SEM, and EDX) techniques. Then the antibacterial activity of the prepared nanoparticles was tested against two types of Gram-positive bacteria (Streptococcus mutans & Staphylococcus aureus) and two types of Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa & Escherichia coli) isolated from the oral cavity. The finding showed that ZnNPs made using the PLAL approach could be employed to kill pathogenic and hazardous bacteria due to having antibacterial activity.

Corrosion and thermo-chemistry is a prominent discipline of physical science. In the conspicuous fascination to design potent durable materials herein, we report the synthesis of an oxoperoxomolybdenum(VI) complex containing maltol and acetylacetone as co-ligands. Magnetic susceptibility measurements, FAB mass spectrometry, FT-IR spectroscopy and thermal analysis are the main characterization techniques that have been used to arrive at the proposed structure of the compound. Experimental data have been compared with density functional theory (DFT) based theoretical outcomes by applying B3LYP functional, and basis set LanL2DZ for Mo and 6311 + G for all other atoms. A close agreement has been found between computed data and the experimental results. From the overall study, it can be found that the complex bears hepta-coordinate pseudo-pentagonal bipyramidal geometry. Based on combined experimental-DFT calculations, the possible role of the complex in designing smart materials has been evaluated. In addition to satisfactory anticorrosive potential, thermo-gravimetry based excellent heat resistance has been shown by the complex. The article also focuses on the calculation of various thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of the respective pyrolysis (TG curve).

Density, viscosity and speed of sound of three binary liquid systems: N-methylformamide (N-MFA) with carboxylic acids (ethanoic acid, propanoic acid and butanoic acid) have been determined at T = (303.15–318.15) K over the entire composition range. These experimental data have been used to calculate the excess volume (VE), excess isentropic compressibility (κsE), deviation in viscosity (Δη) and excess Gibbs free energy of activation of viscous flow (G∗E). The variations of these properties with composition of binary mixtures suggest loss of dipolar association, difference in size and shape of the component molecules, dipole–dipole interactions and hydrogen bonding between unlike molecules. The viscosity data have been correlated with Grunberg and Nissan, Katti and Chaudhri, and Hind et al. equations and the results are compared with the experimental results. The excess parameters have been fitted to the Redlich–Kister polynomial equation using multi parametric nonlinear regression analysis to derive the binary coefficients and to estimate the standard deviation.

Excess thermo acoustical parameters have been calculated from the experimentally measured data of ultrasonic velocity, viscosity and density in binary liquid mixtures containing n-butanol at different temperatures. These results are fitted to the Redlich–Kister polynomial equation. These results have been explained on the basis of the intermolecular interactions present in the liquid mixtures.

5-Amino-2-mercaptobenzimidazole (AMB), non-functionalized nickel oxide (n-NiO), and functionalized nickel oxide (f-NiO) nanoparticles were studied for antibacterial and antifungal activities, where the functionalization of nickel oxide nanoparticles was carried out by AMB. The particle sizes of synthesized n-NiO and f-NiO nanoparticles were measured to be 16.07 and 20.86 nm, respectively. The XRD results of n-NiO and f-NiO nanoparticles were in perfect match with the diffraction pattern of NiO published in the JCPDS File No. 89-5881, which indicates that there is no effect on the crystal structure due to functionalization. FT-IR spectral studies show that f-NiO nanoparticles effectively bind with AMB by azomethine nitrogen. Furthermore, HR-SEM and EDAX results confirm the surface morphology and functionalization, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of AMB, n-NiO, and f-NiO nanoparticles dispersed in water was investigated. The antibacterial activity was evaluated against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, while the antifungal activity was evaluated against the fungi Aspergillus niger by using the agar well-diffusion method. The f-NiO nanoparticles exhibit excellent antibacterial and antifungal activities compared with n-NiO nanoparticles and AMB. The increased effect of f-NiO nanoparticles might be due to enhanced dispersibility and interaction of NiO nanoparticles with membrane and intracellular proteins of bacteria and fungi.

The Adaptive Optics technique has been developed to obtain the correction of atmospheric seeing. The purpose of this study is to use the MATLAB program to investigate the performance of an AO system with the most recent AO simulation tools, Objected-Oriented Matlab Adaptive Optics (OOMAO). This was achieved by studying the variables that impact image quality correction, such as observation wavelength bands, atmospheric parameters, telescope parameters, deformable mirror parameters, wavefront sensor parameters, and noise parameters. The results presented a detailed analysis of the factors that influence the image correction process as well as the impact of the AO components on that process.

Regular E-voting systems for elections may count the votes in less time,less cost,save the privacy of citizens,but still considered risky as votes can be tampered.E-voting systems based on a network distributed ledger show fast results,more trusted,save privacy,cannot be tampered,and distributed in which no central organization controls the system.This paper illustrate an e-voting system to solve the challenge of a massive ledger that is distributed among network-nodes using a data reduction technique as a security-matching-tool,singular value decomposition(SVD) that handle a copy of election results in another form and matched with the SQL-database results to announce a successful election-event representing a transparency-powerful-secured-system

Abstract So far, the existing load-balancing schemes (static and dynamic) have not taken over a concise and reasonable mechanism for systematic isolation of the resource counters monitored in the OpenFlow switch periodically. To address the aforementioned issue, the adaptive least load ratio algorithm was proposed and followed a straightforward procedure to generate the best possible decisions based on significant motivation characteristics identified in dynamic load balancing schemes like Least Connection-Based and Least Bandwidth-Based. the study was carried out using the HTTPerf tool as it provided a flexible facility for the generation of various HTTP workloads to evaluate server performance. Results revealed that, while Software defined network was under the influence of client requests load ranging from 0 up to 180 (req/sec), the proposed algorithm confirmed a faster server reply time up to 13.37%, server connection time up to 16.3% and average network throughput was improved up to 8%. Moreover, server CPU utilization time and average queue length were reduced to 2.5% and 14%. respectively. accordingly, and based on what the proposed algorithm has achieved in terms of quantitative performance parameters, it could be adopted in SDN-based data centers. Keywords ALLR, SDN-Based platform controller POX, SDN, Open Flow, mininet, HTTPerf

In current scenario it is a big challenge for keeping good health. The adulterate food we get in the market makes the researcher to think for safeguarding their digestive system. To solve the problem probiotics which are the live bacteria and yeasts helps in our good health, especially our digestive system. To keep our gut healthy the present study has focused on two probiotic organisms namely Lactobacillus fermentum (KT183369) and Bacillus subtilis sub sp. Inaquasporium (KR816099) were isolated from coconut toddy and they were optimized for their probiotic nature. Further, the probiotic bacteria were analysed and have been found to show good adhesive property towards the host cell. During this study, the adhesive properties of probiotic bacteria could be identified by using ornamental fish black moley (Poeciliasphenops) and also by Microbial Adhesion To Hydrocarbon assay (MATH assay) using toluene as solvent. The probiotic bacterium showed good adhesive properties in both in vivo and in vitrostudies using aquatic fish and its pathogen, Vibrio paraheamolyticus respectively. Additionally, during this study, the fishes were infected along with the probiotic feed to check their mortality rate and the hydrophobicity percentage of the probiotic organisms was also calculated using the assay method during.

The main objective of this work is to establish a first state of the situation of the groundwater quality in the region of El Hajeb (Morocco) which houses the wild municipal landfill. Within the framework of a first sampling campaign, groundwater samples were then collected from 43 groundwater points during the May 2015 until January 2017. Analyses using standardized methods were based on physicochemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, iodide, dissolved oxygen, oxidizability to permanganate…. The results highlighted the existence of organic pollution, due to the presence of the wild discharge, septic tanks and pit latrines revealed by the concentration in oxidizability to KMnO4, which exceeded the Moroccan standards set at 5 mg/L. Pollution by Chlorides in some areas of the aquifer was also revealed, with high chloride levels exceeding 380 mg/L and was confirmed by high conductivity values (3700 μS/cm). If a pollution of agricultural origin is evoked, one cannot neglect the effect of the practice of the time modification technique on the concentration of some major ions. These first observations, have allowed us to confirm the extent of leachate plume of the wild landfill to groundwater, so the decision-makers and the persons in charge are being solicited to intervene to protect the water table.

NetworkIntrusionDetectionSystem(NIDS), widely used network infrastructure. Although many datamining has been used to increase the effectiveness of IDSs, current ID still struggle to perform well. therfore; proposed a new NIDS focused on feature_selection. The proposed CorrelationFeatureSelection_ForestPanalizedAttributes(CFS_FPA) used for dimensionality_reduction and selects the optimal_subset. based on two steps: first check each feature with a target(class) and choose only features that most effective by applying CFS filter using a statistical_method, then applied FPA to select only features will enhance ID and reduce_dimensionality. proposal tested with the NSLKDD experimental results of accuracy 0.997% and 0.004 FAR, wherein UNSWNB15_dataset accuracy and FAR are 0.995%, 0.008 consequently.

The discovery of antimicrobial bacteriocin molecules with broad-spectrum activity against bacterial infections caused by spoilage microorganisms is vital for food safety. In this study, a potential bacteriocin-producing bacterium was isolated, screened and confirmed as Enterococcus casseliflavus MI001 by 16s rDNA sequencing. The bacteriocin peptide was purified and analysed by MALDI-TOF, which revealed the presence of a bacteriocin ABC transporter protein with a molecular mass of 22.53 kDa. The purified bacteriocin gave a final yield of 2.0%, with a specific activity of 15,000 AU/mg. The bacteriocin showed antagonistic activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and has potential as an antioxidant.

The work focused on the antibacterial and antifungal effect of 5-amino-2-mercapto benzimidazole (AMB), non-functionalized and functionalized Ag3O4 nanoparticles. The synthesized non-functionalized (n-Ag3O4) and functionalized (f-Ag3O4) nanoparticles particle sizes measured 18.72 and 29.11 nm respectively. The XRD results of samples exhibit shift in 2θ values of most prominent peaks due to surface functionalization of Ag3O4 nanoparticles with AMB. The surface functionalization of AMB on Ag3O4 nanoparticles further studied with FT-IR studies, which show the effective binding site is azomethine nitrogen evidenced from the shift of bands at 1635 and 1615 cm−1 in n-Ag3O4 nanoparticles to lower frequency region at 1629 and 1597 cm−1 in f-Ag3O4 nanoparticles. The functionalization of Ag3O4 nanoparticles and surface morphology further confirmed with HR-SEM with EDAX results. The antimicrobial effect of the non-functionalized and functionalized Ag3O4 nanoparticles dispersed in water was investigated. Antimicrobial activities were evaluated against bacterial strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and fungi Aspergillus niger used in this work. The n-Ag3O4 nanoparticles exhibit excellent antibacterial and antifungal effect compared to f-Ag3O4 nanoparticles and AMB. The decreased effect of f-Ag3O4 nanoparticles is might be due to increase in particle size and the interaction of silver oxide nanoparticles with bacteria membrane and intracellular proteins decreases with functionalization.

A simple and rapid method using two imine ligands,(E)-N¹-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylidene) isonicotinoylhydrazone and 2-(4-fluoro benzylideneamino) benzenethiol for the analysis of nickel(II) is proposed. The ligands react with nickel(II) at pH 4.0 and 4.7 to form red and pale purple complexes respectively with a stoichiometric ratio's of 1:1. The complexes obeyed Beer's law in the range of 0.8–20.0 μg L⁻¹ with an excellent linearity depicted by correlation coefficient value of 0.9996. The molar absorptivity and Sandell's sensitivity were found to be 5.1 × 10⁴, 6.3 × 10⁴ L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹ and 0.98, 0.91 ng cm⁻² for the red or pale purple complex systems. The limit of detection for nickel(II) was noted as 0.89 and 0.82 ng L⁻¹. The method was successfully applied for the determination of nickel (II) in various waters and soils. Additionally, in vitro antibacterial activities of the complexes have been evaluated against gram positive (Bacillus subtillis and Staphylococcus aureus) and gram negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria. Density functional theory calculations were performed to compute HOMO-LUMO band gaps for the prediction of the binding affinities of the complexes.

A novel series of tri-substituted imidazole derivatives were synthesized according to the well-known Radziszewski reaction. The desired molecules were obtained by a reaction of benzil, ammonium acetate and different derivatives of 1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde. Structures of the synthesized entities were confirmed with the support of modern techniques like elemental analysis (CHN) and spectral analysis (FTIR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR and LC–MS). All compounds were screened for their biological potency: antibacterial activity using a serial broth dilution method and antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. Antimicrobial activity was performed against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The title compounds showed moderate to excellent antimicrobial and antioxidant potency against different bacterial strains and the DPPH radical.

The neodymium complexes with nitrogen and oxygen donor pyrazoline ligands were synthesized by the conventional method. To observe the effect of the change in environment, the mixed ligand complexes along with pure neodymium-pyrazoline complexes were synthesized. Shelf-life of these newly synthesized materials was studied by the absorbance spectral peaks, whereby the aging effect was clearly seen in all these neodymium complexes. Considering the effect of time and shelf-life, the neodymium-pyrazoline complexes show comparatively lower stability than the mixed ligand complexes of neodymium. The detailed characteristics of these newly synthesized materials are presented in this manuscript.

An investigation was executed to determine the influence of laboratory aging on moisture susceptibility and elasticity of polyethylene and polypropylene-modified asphalt concrete mixtures (PEMCMs and PPMCMs). The design bitumen content was obtained for dense mixture by the Marshall method using aggregate blends which conformed to the American Standard for Testing and Materials, ASTM (D-3515). Marshall stability, Marshall modulus of stiffness, indirect tensile strength, tensile strength ratio, and resilient moduli of the aged PEMCMs and PPMCMs at temperature of 100 °C and at two aging levels between 48 and 96 h are used to evaluate the performance change of PEMCMs and PPMCMs. The PEMCMs and PPMCMs achieve the ASTM specified limits; they reveal superior durability, elasticity, and adhesive characteristics with higher resistance to permanent deformation and moisture damage.

Protoplasts represent a unique experimental system for the circulation and formation of genetically modified plants. Here, protoplasts were isolated from genetically modified hairy root tissues of Brassica oleracea L. induced by the Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain (ATCC13332). The concentration of enzyme solutions utilized for protoplast isolation was 1.5 % Cellulase YC and 0.1 % Pectolyase Y23 in 13% mannitol solution, which resulted in high efficiency of isolation within 8 hours, in which the protoplast yield was 2 × 104 cells ml-1 and the percentage of viability was 72%. Each protoplast has one nucleus with a nucleation of 48%. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay verified the presence of rol B and rol C genes in hairy root tissues by detaching a single bundle of DNA replication from these roots using a specific pair of primers. The current study demonstrated that A. rhizogenes strain (ATCC13332) is a vector for the incorporation of T-DNA genes into cauliflower plants, as well as the success of the hairy roots retention of rol B and rol C genes transferred to it.

Diphenylamine (DPA) in ethanol on the surface of Al2O3 undergoes light-induced oxidative transformation affording N-phenyl-p-benzoquinonimine (PBQ). The photoinduced transformation on Al2O3 enhances with [DPA], Al2O3-loading, airflow rate and photon flux. The formation of PBQ on Al2O3 is larger under UV-C light than under UV-A light. The Al2O3 surface does not lose it activity on reuse. The mechanism of photoinduced oxidative transformation of DPA on Al2O3 has been discussed with appropriate kinetic law. ZnO enhances the UV light-induced transformation of DPA on Al2O3 indicating synergism.

The paper presents experimental results of the effect of the multi-pass rolling process in different temperatures and deformation percents on the microstructure, mechanical and corrosion characteristics of a new titanium (Ti) alloy. The results of mechanical and corrosion properties were optimum through deforming the Ti alloy in warm conditions owing to the formation of ultrafined structure. This paper demonstrated that the investigated Ti alloy is a prospective candidate for biomedical applications due to its better mechanical and corrosion properties.

In this project we have investigated the 5-nucleon model system in the picture of the specific alpha-state structure, by extending the Yakubovsky scheme with the inclusion of the spin and isospin degrees of freedom. The Yakubovsky formalism for the 5-nucleon system in the effective alpha-neutron attractive model leads to a set of two coupled equations, based on two relevant alpha-nucleon sub cluster components. To this regard, by switching off the fifth nucleon interactions, the 5-nucleon Yakubovsky equations can be reduced to a typical 4-nucleon problem. To calculate the 5- and 4-nucleon bound state equations, the coupled equations are projected in the momentum space in terms of the Jacobi momenta. In the calculations two different spin-dependent and one spin-independent nucleon–nucleon potential types are dedicated, such as Afnan–Tang S3, Malfliet–Tjon I/III and Volkov potentials, respectively. The some obtained binding energy differences between the 4-nucleon system in the alpha-state and the 5-nucleon system in the case of alpha-nucleon structure demonstrating the effective interaction between the alpha and an attractive neutron. The obtained results for the effective interaction are consistent either for spin-independent and spin-dependent interactions. Also, the binding energy results are in excellent compatibility with the achieved results by other techniques.

In this work, a sensitive and selective spectrophotometric method was first introduced for the simultaneous determination of Salbutamol (SBT), Theophylline (TPL) and Ambroxol (ABX) in their ternary mixture without preliminary separation. Quantification was performed simply by zero-order spectrophotometric method at its λ max of 241, 224 and 245 nm for SBT, TPL and ABX respectively. The linear range was found to be 0.1–0.6 μg/ml for SBT, 5–30 μg/ml for TPL and 1.5–9.0 μg/ml for ABX that doesn't show any interference of other drugs even in low or high concentrations. The mean percentage recovery was found to be within the range of 98–102%. These methods were successfully applied to the analysis of their combined dosage form and bulk powder. The adopted methods were also statistically validated as per ICH guidelines.

Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy in the world and the leading cause of female cancer-related mortality. Several ways for combating this entity have been proposed, but a significant and effective cure has yet to be established. Natural compounds originating from plants, including Citrus limon, are employed as alternative cancer treatments. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the immunomodulation activity of Citrus limon’s extract against breast cancer inci-dence in the mouse model. An in vivo study using female BALB/c mice served as the basis for this investigation. Four groups of eight-week-old mice, each weighing 20 grams, were randomized. The carcinogenic substance called 7-12 Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) was used to generate cancer in the experimental animal model. Several antibodies combination were used for the extracellular and intracellular staining experiments, including FITC-conjugated rat an-ti-mouse CD11b, PE/Cy5-conjugated rat anti-mouse IL-6, FITC-conjugated rat-anti mouse CD4, PE-conjugated rat anti-mouse CD8, PE-conjugated rat anti-mouse CD62L, PE-conjugated rat-anti-mouse TNF-α, and PE Cy5-conjugated rat-anti mouse IFN-ɣ. A one-way analysis of variance test was used to examine the relationship between flow cytometry data and the relative cell number. In this present study, we found that the induction of DMBA decreased the relative number of both naïve CD4 and CD8 T cells. On the other hand, the induction of DMBA increased pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IFN-ɣ, and IL-6. Interestingly, Citrus limon’s extract administration can directly change the immune system condition into the normal level in carcinogenic mouse model. Thus, this study suggested that Citrus limon’s extract ameliorative activity against breast cancer incidence warrants further investigation.