Journal of the Textile Association

A survey has been carried out to find the facts and views of the consumers about baby diapers. A set of tests were performed to evaluate the efficacy of the commercially available products In order to gel a comparison, a laboratory prepared biodegradable superabsorbent polymer (SAP) has been utilised by replacing the existing commercial SAP. Both survey and test results have brought out some interesting facts.

Effectively analyzing Consumer Buying Behavior is one of the must-do tasks in a retail sector. This research has analyzed the factors influencing the consumers buying behavior for branded apparels with young generation, across both genders, as the target customers. A focus group study was carried out in order to identify the variables such as Quality. Price. Variety. Promotional schemes. Advertisement, Easy availability. Frequency of new arrivals, Celebrity endorsement. We also went through the existing research material available through various sources and a questionnaire based on these variables was developed. In order to ensure (he understandability and clarity of the items to the target group, we pre- tested the same. The data was then collected through a sample survey. The data analysis and interpretation has been done through multiple regression analysis.

Ahimsa silk shirting materials were evaluated to know the influence of mechanical properties on it serviceability of the shirting material. The extent of dependency of functional properties on mechanical properties were examined by regression test. The influence of yarn count, cloth count, cloth thickness on tensile strength, elongation and abrasion resistance of shirting materials were found to be statistically significant and positively related. Further, there existed no relationship between cloth count on tensile strength and yarn count on elongation.

The study focused on the development of bio-functional knitted cotton fabric using chitosan citrate. Chitosan citrate was synthesized, characterized and used for imparting antibacterial property onto the knitted cotton fabric by pad-dry-cure technique at different concentrations (0.2-1.6%) with 70% wet pick up during padding. The antibacterial activity and the performance properties of the treated fabrics including bursting strength, wrinkle recovery, whiteness index, bending length and air permeability were evaluated. The finished fabric showed adequate wrinkle resistance, sufficient whiteness, tolerable decrease in tensile strength and more reduction rate of bacteria as compared to untreated fabric without hampering the comfort properties with respect to air permeability and bending length. © 2015. Journal of the Textile Association. All rights reserved.

The current review is aimed at highlighting state of the art of imparting antimicrobial properties to polyester (PET) and polyamide (PA) fibers. It is divided into two main parts. The first part is concerned with general aspects related to the antimicrobial finishing of textile materials. The second part highlights state of the art of preparation of bioactive polyester and polyamide fibers and fabrics. Having in mind the current growing trends of polyester and polyamide production volumes, the realistic prospects in the field of imparting antimicrobial properties to such fibers are also outlined.

The present study was conducted with an objective to study the various attributes influencing the purchase decision of girls regarding jeans. It was also required to know the latest trends in jeans which are available in the market for girls. The study of consumer behaviour is the most important factor for marketing of goods and services. The study also revealed that the consumer's preference are changing rapidly and becoming highly diversified due to money inflation and increase in consumer's per capita income. In this high-tech scientific era most of the consumers wants to get quality product in less time, having attractive schemes with maximum shopping comforts. This study also reviewed the impact of sales promotion tools in the buying behaviour of girls in Jaipur city.

Hand of bamboo/silk and cotton-silk Kota Doria fabrics has been reported in this article. Two types of Kota Doria fabrics were manufactured; one from mixture of silk and bamboo yarns and other from cotton and silk yarns. Low stress mechanical properties of both the fabrics were tested on Kawabata fabric evaluation system and compared. Cotton-silk fabric exhibited higher Numeri (Smoothness), Fukurami (fullness & softness) and flexibility (lower Koshi) than bamboo-silk fabric. © 2015. Journal of the Textile Association. All rights reserved.

Due to globalisation and opening up of the Indian economy, there has been a distinct and positive shift from quantity to quality. Thus, this study indicates that, cotton yarn elongation should be measured and seriously considered, when the yarn is to be exported. The elongation requirements of 100% cotton yarn for weaving and knitting are specified by many importing countries varies between 5% and 5.5%. However, the average elongation values obtained for Indian yarn lies only in the range of 4 to 4.45%. In this article, some of the relevent points have been discussed with fruitful suggestions and experiments done on various cotton varieties.

The paper aims at the elucidation of the effect of process variables for button attachment for apparels as Men's attire. A number of sewing threads of variable compositions, hand and machine needles along with button varieties were taken for the study to highlight the impact of hand and machine sewing operations on the performance of button attachment in terms of button pull strength. The modes and work done for button detachment have also been investigated, that is ought to be one of the prime area of concern for the garment technologists to produce quality apparels.

Bullet proof vest is one of the protective application which helps for protection of ballistic impact to the fabric who wears the vest. In previous days, hard rigid materials were used to protect from the ballistic impact to the wearer, which resisted the penetration and dissipated the impact. Then synthetic textile fibres were used for ballistic resistance and in recent days, the high performance textile fibres are used to resist the ballistic impact, Now Kevlar fibre is used to produce bullet proof vest which has some disadvantages like low compression property. Nylon filament yarn and Carbon nanotube can be an alternative for existing Kevlar bullet proof vest. A combination of nylon filament yarn and carbon nanotube can effectively fulfil the requirements of ballistic impact and save the life of wearer. Nylon filament yarn of 858 denier and 1330 denier was taken for the work. The multi layered woven fabric was produced by using nylon filament yarn of two various deniers. The fabric structure used was plain weave, because each fabric layer reduces the energy of projectile. The developed multi layer fabrics were coated with multiwalled carbon nanotube by using textile coating method. The technical test and field test were carried for existing bullet proof vest, uncoated nylon bullet proof vest and coated bullet proof vest.

The handmade carpet industry has retained its uniqueness and has maintained its grace even today. The handmade carpet industry is mostly an export oriented and labor intensive industry. In its core objective, this industry is basically a domain specific skill based industry, where people are involved in specific task such as designing, dyeing, carpet manufacturing, finishing etc. In doing so, the industry requires involvement of a huge number of skilled workers with basic traditional knowledge of design, color and craft making. After globalization, like other industries handmade carpet industry is also facing stiff challenges of 3-C (customer, competition and change). So, with the fast changing market trend and variable taste, it has become very important to understand the demand of the consumers and offer them the desired product with additional features in a limited time frame. Many of the times, it has been felt that due to scarcity of the skilled work force, the bulk orders could not be executed in time. Therefore, the need of skill development in hand made carpet sector has been realized from last few decades. Recently many private, government and non-government organizations have come up with skill development schemes to minimize this gap. The current study focuses on the need of skill development to ensure sustainability of the handmade carpet industry in the global scenario in terms of in-time delivery of product with desired quality and pricing.

The polyester fabrics were firstly treated with nano TiO2 particles using ultrasonic rays (500W/36Hz), and then dyed with either disperse blue 56 150% and/or disperse red 60 200% at the boil without a carrier used. The dyeing efficiency was compared to the normal dying (without treatment) of the same fabrics dyed with the same shade concentrations. The dyeing adsorption of polyester fabrics was positively affected by nano TiO2 pretreatment and an increase in nano TiO2 content led to higher color strength. The proposed method proved to have no adverse effects on fastness properties and could be considered as the new method for dyeing of different polyester fabrics as an eco-friendly method. This method is also free from some of the disadvantages involved in carrier dyeing such as toxicity.

Fusion of heritage with advanced digital technology is the motto for the future researchers in the field of art. design and technology. The basic materials needed to construct e-textiles, conductive threads and fabrics have been around for over 1000 years. Performance apparel represents one of the fastest growing sectors of the international textile and clothing industry and market growth is being fuelled by the emergence of new fibres, new fabrics and innovative process and technologies. Smart textiles can be broken into two different categories: Aesthetic and Performance Enhancing. In fashion the applications are more focused on visual or tactile feedback from the wearer. Smart textile represents the next generation of textiles and today it is dominating research and commercial activities. Next generation of textiles will have the ability to monitor their environment and interact accordingly in order to accomplish a pre-programmed functionality. There is a need for a novel technolog}' with electronically activc and sensor fibres, which will be the basic building blocks of the next generation of smart fibrous materials. Smart clothing can be used in high risk work sector as wounded soldiers at the war front, fire fighter who is hurt at work and police officer in danger. Intelligent textiles have high potential impact in surgical, patient clothing, drug delivery and the environment for both hospital and home care.

Information is the primary need of the Textile Industry and provides the necessary competitive edge to all the corners in the world of Textiles. Very few societies in the past would have lived through the kind of technology spin that we are witnessing since the beginning of this decade. This spin is likely to get further accelerated to enable dizzying levels of communication facilities leading to explosive dissemination of information. In this Internet era, point to point communication devices are now on hand for the textile manufacturer or a designer to send his design samples to any part of the world in computer-based packets of information called files. This instant transmission leads to elimination of non-value-added time spent earlier on onward as well as response communication.

Preparation of oxidised starch for sizing of cotton fabric was achieved via treatment of maize starch by potassium bromate / thioureadioxide (KBrO3/TUD) redox system. Structural changes in the starch molecules brought about by oxidation were evaluated in terms of the carbonyl and carboxyl groups as well as the apparent viscosity. It was found that starch undergoes oxidative degradation using the said redox system. This was demonstrated by significant enhancement of the carbonyl and carboxyl groups along with a significant decrease in the apparent viscosity as compared with the unoxidized starch. Application of the oxidised starches, prepared under the optimum oxidation conditions to cotton fabric was also carried out to evaluate the suitability of such modified starches as sizing agents. Results of tensile strength (TS) and elongation-at-break (EAB) measurements of the fabric samples as well as the ease of size removal from these samples compared with those sized with the unoxidized starch signify that the oxidized starches are more satisfactory sizing agents.

This paper discusses about dye extraction from the stem shell waste of Delonixregia and its application on wool fabric. Optimal results were achieved for dyeing at 90°C for 60 minutes at 30% concentration of the dye on the weight of fabric using pre-mordanting and post-mordanting dyeing techniques. Dyeing on wool fabric with and without mordants showed very good to excellent results in terms of different hues of colour. Treated fabrics showed substantial increase in colour depth and good to very good wash, light and rubbing fastness properties both with and without mordants dyed wool fabric. The results also confirmed that natural dye from Delonixregia stem shell extract has potential applications for wool dyeing and producing excellent ultraviolet protection property even after ten washes.

After scouring there is change in the crimp and other properties, so physical properties of the fabric such as air permeability, tearing strength, bursting strength, elongation of the fabric changes. Also scouring and dyeing has effect on yarn properties which in turn affect fabric properties.

The new emerging technology of dyeing called 'Airdye' is a really enthusiastic growth for Indian textile industry. Indian textile processing is one of the highly water consuming industries. Such technologies have reached the international advanced level and meet the state emission-reduction and energy-saving requirements for environmentprotection products and new technologies of the te xtile industry, producing a good economic and social benefit and making a positive contribution to the energy-saving and emission-reduction work. This technology also reduces the effluent load.

Silk fabrics have been printed with colourants extracted from Rubia cordifolia, Madhuca indica, Laccifer lacca, Acacia catechu, Indigofera tinctoria, Punica granatum, Terminalia chebula, Curcuma longa, Camellia sinensis, Bixa orellana, Allium cepa, Rheum emodi in absence and in presence of aluminium sulphate, ferrous sulphate and copper sulphate following simultaneous mordanting technique for producing shades of different colours and also to achieve good overall colour fastness properties of the printed fabrics. Traditional methods of printing with natural dyes have their own limitations i.e. more time consuming process, poor colourfastness to washing, difficult to use print paste containing metal salts in presence of gum after 2-3 hrs, difficult to achieve white ground etc. The technique adapted in this study is less time consuming, economical and also helps to produce print paste with better storage stability as compared to the conventional printing process. The dyeing and printing with those colourants is found to be effectively accomplished under acidic condition (pH ~ 4.5) in absence of any inorganic salts. Printed fabrics in general show a common light fastness and wash fastness ratings of 4 and 3 respectively, except Bixa orellana and Curcuma longa. However, aluminium sulphate, ferrous sulphate and copper sulphate when used as mordanting agents produce an improvement in light and washfastness properties of the printed fabrics.

Different methods can be used for nanofibers fabrication such as bicomponent extrusion, template synthesis, self assembly, phase separation, meltblowing, drawing, electrospinning and centrifugal spinning. These fibers have numerous applications such as reinforcement fibers in composites, protective clothing, filtration, biomedical devices, electrical and optical applications, and nanosensors. This review paper sheds light upon production techniques of nanofibers, their physical properties and production parameters affecting these properties. Since electrospinning is still the most well known and widely used method for producing nanofibers, the effect of its parameters on nanofiber properties were also reviewed extensively.

Investigation of the electrostatic properties of textile materials is of major importance for evaluating the physiological comfort of fabrics especially with synthetic fibers. Static electricity is related to the inability of the textile material to dissipate generated and accumulated charges, which may lead to feeling uncomfortable or sometimes leads to dangerous electrical shocks. Antistatic finishes are used to reduce electrostatic charges build up on fabric's surface. In the present work, plain woven fabrics produced from wool, polyester materials and their blend were subjected to antistatic pretreatment using Aminopropylsilsesquioxanevinyl-sesquioxane copolymer (APSV) at different concentrations, followed by dyeing with acid dyes. Static charges on the fabrics surface as well as the physical and mechanical properties were evaluated before and after the dyeing process. ANOVA test was used for analysis of the experimental results at 5% level of significance. The results demonstrated that, the pretreatment using APSV enhanced the color strength of acid dye stuffs regardless the type of fiber. The yarn materials, fabric cover factor and treatment had a high significant effect on the antistatic properties and the functional properties of the fabrics. The polyester fabrics treated with 7.5% APSV and the untreated polyester dyed with C.I. Acid Yellow 117 showed improved performance in reducing static charges build up.

Onion peel is having rich source of colorant and found to be waste in large quantities. This can be used for dyeing of textile materials as a sustainable eco-friendly approach. In the present study cotton fabrics were dyed with onion peel dye extracted by using Soxhlet apparatus. Four different mordants like Amla, Myrobalan, Pomegranate Rind and Chitosan were used in different concentrations in order to optimize the right combination. Design of experiment was used for selection of various combinations in order to carry out dyeing process. The color strength was measured using spectrophotometer and also measured the fastness properties of dyed samples. Out of four different mordants chitosan was found to be showing highest K/S values in pre-mordanting method. Fastness properties for almost all the samples were found to be average.

Nano finishing

Abstract Amongst the various exponents of Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) techniques, the hybrid AHPTOPSIS approach is much more robust-yet-flexible paradigm in any case of decision-making problem. This methodology is based on strong mathematical foundation of both AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) and TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solutions). Gradation of jute fibres on the basis of certain quantitative as well as subjective parameters or attributes is done by traditional method which follows the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) gradation system. In this paper a modified approach has been proposed using hybrid AHP-TOPSIS tool for ranking/gradation and thereby selection of jute fibres on the basis of some apposite selection criteria like fibre strength, root content, fibre defects, fibre colour, bulk density and fibre fineness. It is found that the orders of preference of the top-ranked and worst-ranked jute fibre varieties/samples exactly match with the traditional BIS system and MAHP approach done by an earlier researcher. Moreover, the new hybrid approach shows an overall good agreement in terms of ranking with the previous system or approach. Keywords: AHP, Jute Gradation, MCDM, TOPSIS.