344 reads in the past 30 days
Human foot muscle strength and its association with sprint acceleration, cutting and jumping performance, and kinetics in high-level athletesJune 2024
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6,162 Reads
Published by Taylor & Francis
Online ISSN: 1466-447X
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Print ISSN: 0264-0414
344 reads in the past 30 days
Human foot muscle strength and its association with sprint acceleration, cutting and jumping performance, and kinetics in high-level athletesJune 2024
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6,162 Reads
226 reads in the past 30 days
Effective practice and instruction: A skill acquisition framework for excellenceAugust 2023
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2,721 Reads
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13 Citations
We revisit an agenda that was outlined in a previous paper in this journal focusing on the importance of skill acquisition research in enhancing practice and instruction in sport. In this current narrative review, we reflect on progress made since our original attempt to highlight several potential myths that appeared to exist in coaching, implying the existence of a theory-practice divide. Most notably, we present five action points that would impact positively on coaches and practitioners working to improve skill learning across sports, as well as suggesting directions for research. We discuss the importance of practice quality in enhancing learning and relate this concept to notions of optimising challenge. We discuss how best to assess learning, the right balance between repetition and practice that is specific to competition, the relationship between practice conditions, instructions, and individual differences, and why a more "hands-off" approach to instruction may have advantages over more "hands-on" methods. These action points are considered as a broad framework for advancing skill acquisition for excellence (SAFE) in applied practice. We conclude by arguing the need for increased collaboration between researchers, coaches, and other sport practitioners.
217 reads in the past 30 days
Submaximal force-velocity relationships during mountain ultramarathon: Data from the fieldOctober 2024
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220 Reads
165 reads in the past 30 days
Match-related fatigue in basketball: A systematic reviewOctober 2024
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172 Reads
164 reads in the past 30 days
Similar muscle hypertrophy following eight weeks of resistance training to momentary muscular failure or with repetitions-in-reserve in resistance-trained individualsFebruary 2024
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2,577 Reads
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5 Citations
International research in sports and exercise science including physiology, psychology, sports medicine and biomechanics, coaching and talent identification.
For a full list of the subject areas this journal covers, please visit the journal website.
November 2024
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2 Reads
Conventional low-pass filtering of 3D motion capture signals prior to estimating knee joint moments and ACL injury risk has known limitations. This study aimed to evaluate the fractional Fourier filter (FrFF), which employs a time-varying cut-off frequency, for assessing peak knee moments during common ACL injury risk screening tasks. Ground reaction force and motion data were collected from 23 team sport athletes performing 45° unanticipated sidesteps and drop jumps. Peak knee abduction, internal rotation and non-sagittal moments were estimated using inverse dynamics after five different low-pass filter approaches were applied (FrFF vs. four variations of a fourth-order Butterworth filter). The FrFF produced peak knee moments larger than “matched” (i.e. force and motion cut-off frequencies were equivalent) and closer to “unmatched” (i.e. force and motion cut-offs were different) Butterworth filter approaches and removed problems with representing foot-to-ground impact peaks. Participants with larger peak moments were identified as “at risk” of injury irrespective of filter approach, but the FrFF identified “at risk” classifications conventional approaches did not. Preliminary evidence suggests that the FrFF displays enhanced sensitivity to movement strategies that induce high knee loads. This was most evident for sidestepping, with more research warranted to optimise the FrFF for drop jumps.
November 2024
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11 Reads
November 2024
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13 Reads
November 2024
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20 Reads
November 2024
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8 Reads
October 2024
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98 Reads
This study examined the effects of blood flow restriction (BFR) on motor unit (MU) behaviour of the biceps brachii (BB) during a single non-exhausting submaximal muscle action. Twenty adults performed maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs) of the elbow flexors, followed by an isometric trapezoidal muscle action at 40% MVC during BFR and control (CON) visits. Surface electromyographic signals recorded from the BB during the 40% MVCs were decomposed. Recruitment thresholds (RTs), MU action potential amplitudes (MUAPAMPS), initial firing rates (IFRs), mean firing rates (MFRs) at steady force, and normalized EMG amplitude (N-EMGRMS) were analysed. Y-intercepts and slopes were calculated for the MUAPAMP, IFR, and MFR vs. RT relationships. Y-intercepts for the IFR and MFR vs. RT relationships and N-EMGRMS increased during BFR (p < 0.05) collapsed across sex. The slopes for the IFR and MFR vs. RT relationships decreased during BFR (p < 0.05) collapsed across sex. The y-intercepts and slopes for the MUAPAMP vs. RT relationships were not different (p > 0.05) between treatments or sex. BFR during the 40% MVC increased IFRs, MFRs, and N-EMGRMS. However, the similar MUAPAMPS observed between treatments may suggest that a greater load is necessary to recruit additional MUs when performing a single submaximal short-duration muscle action with BFR.
October 2024
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61 Reads
In giant slalom, the ability to apply a high amount of force in the radial direction is essential for performance. A race is characterized by repeated turns performed at high velocity, potentially inducing fatigue. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effect of fatigue on performance, trajectory characteristics, and force production capacities onto the snow. Twelve skiers ran a 4-turn section with (FATIGUE) and without pre-induced fatigue (CONTROL). Knee extensor maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) was performed before the experiment and after both conditions. Section time, energy dissipation, path length, total force output, force application effectiveness, and EMG activity of the main lower-limb muscles were compared between conditions. Multiple linear regressions were used to understand whether interindividual variability in the kinematic, kinetic and EMG between conditions explains variability in performance changes with fatigue. MVC was lower after FATIGUE (−19.1 ± 6.4%, p < 0.001) but did not change after CONTROL. FATIGUE was associated with longer section times (+0.21 ± 0.11 s, p < 0.001), energy dissipation (−0.78 ± 1.05 J.s.kg.m−1, p = 0.026), path length (+1.1 ± 1.6 m, p = 0.033) and lower force application effectiveness (−0.1 ± 0.1, p = 0.017). This study experimentally demonstrates that fatigue in giant slalom results in lower force application effectiveness, inducing over-dissipation of mechanical energy and longer path length, leading to lower performance.
October 2024
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110 Reads
October 2024
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40 Reads
To investigate the acute effects of 4 sets of autoregulated (AR-BFR) versus non-autoregulated (NAR-BFR) applied pressures during blood flow restriction (BFR) resistance exercise to volitional failure compared with low-load exercise without BFR. A randomized crossover design study was conducted on 32 healthy adults (20.8 ± 2.3 years; 11 females). Outcome measures were as follows: (1) arterial stiffness, (2) peak perceptual responses and likelihood to perform again, and (3) performance. Results: Post-exercise changes in central and brachial diastolic blood pressure were decreased in all groups. Post-exercise supine systolic blood pressure in no-BFR increased (mean difference (MD) = 4 ± 1 mmHg, 95% CI (1-7), p = 0.003, η 2 = 0.13). Total repetitions performed and volume workload were similar between BFR conditions but less than no-BFR. AR-BFR reported significantly higher exertion (MD = 0.53 ± 0.2, 95% CI (0.04-1.0), p = 0.03, η 2 = 0.19) than other conditions, and induced greater discomfort (MD = 2.50 ± 0.36, 95% CI (1.63-3.37), p < 0.001, η 2 = 0.28) than no-BFR. Conclusion: Biceps curl exercise to volitional failure appears to induce negligible arterial stiffness or blood pressure changes regardless of the application of auto-regulation, yet autoregulation appears to enhance the perceptual response to BFR exercise compared to NAR-BFR without impacting exercise performance.
October 2024
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17 Reads
October 2024
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11 Reads
October 2024
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118 Reads
October 2024
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33 Reads
This study aimed to evaluate the reliability, reproducibility, and feasibility of the Youth Activity Profile Questionnaire (YAP-SL) in the Chilean version (YAP-C) in a sample of children and adolescents. This cross-sectional study included 160 youth, 59 children (5–11 years old), and 101 adolescents (12–17 years old) from the city of Viña del Mar (Chile). The YAP-SL is a 15-item self-report instrument which was administered twice at an interval of 7 days apart. This questionnaire was designed to capture physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour in youths in the last week, categorizing them into three domains: PA at school, PA out-of-school, and sedentary habits. Cronbach’s α coefficients were calculated to evaluate the internal consistency (reliability), and the reproducibility was determined by test-retest and Kendall’s tau b coefficients. Concerning the total YAP-C score, results indicated moderate-to-high reliability in the total sample (0.71), boys (0.76) and girls (0.66), as well as for children (0.73) and adolescents (0.70). The results also revealed variations in reliability and reproducibility across the three domains. In conclusion, the YAP-SL questionnaire presents moderate-to-high reliability in Chilean children and adolescents. However, the reliability and consistency of the YAP varied across the domains.
October 2024
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13 Reads
October 2024
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21 Reads
October 2024
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43 Reads
Physical functioning can be increased in people with stroke by using a mobile health application. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of a 10-week community-based program using the WalkWithMe (WWM) application in people with late sub-acute and chronic stroke in Benin. An interventional pilot study with mixed methods research design was used examining the application of an unsupervised individualized mobile Health (mHealth) instructed training program. Main outcome included the application usage, safety, adherence, perceived enjoyment, mHealth quality, patient experiences and pre-post efficacy measures. Nine adults, five males, median age of 60 years and time since stroke of 12 months participated in this study. For most participants adherence with the application was over 70%. However, some usability problems were observed due to incorrect understanding and use by participants and technical problems. The application was very fun, stimulating and enjoyable. Significant improvements were found with median (pre/post measures) of locomotors skill (1.4/3.4); impairments (38/40), Barthel Index (85/95), activity limitation (2.1/3.1), and quality of life (194/218). A trend towards significant improvement was found with 6 minutes walking test (181/220, p = 0.06). The WWM application is perceived as a potential approach to increase physical activity and functioning among people with stroke in Benin. ARTICLE HISTORY
October 2024
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31 Reads
October 2024
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20 Reads
October 2024
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11 Reads
October 2024
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8 Reads
October 2024
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129 Reads
October 2024
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50 Reads
October 2024
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32 Reads
October 2024
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32 Reads
October 2024
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8 Reads
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Editor-In-Chief
Florida Institute for Human & Machine Cognition, USA