Journal of Managerial Psychology

Purpose To examine how perceptions of complementary and supplementary fit and relationship quality contribute to successful mentorship co-creation. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected via cross-sectional survey of 145 mentor–protégé dyads within institutions of higher education in the USA. Mentors evaluated their perceptions of supplementary and complementary fit and relationship quality with their protégés and vice versa. Additionally, mentors evaluated their protégés’ performance, whereas protégés reported on their own learning. Data were analyzed using the actor–partner interdependence model. Findings Results suggest that one's own fit perceptions are most important in predicting one's evaluation of relationship quality. Additionally, for both mentor and protégé, complementary fit and supplementary fit predict evaluations of relationship quality to a similar degree. Finally, each person's perceptions of relationship quality mediated the relationships between their own perceptions of fit and mentor-rated protégé performance, but not the relationships between perceptions of fit and protégé-rated learning. Originality/value Research has often studied mentorships from the perspective of one party, which limits our understanding of mentorship co-creation. This study investigates how both parties simultaneously contribute to mentorship success, as indicated by protégé learning and performance. Additionally, the authors clarify the extent to which perceptions of different types of fit are instrumental in co-creating successful mentorships.

Purpose This study aims to examine the direct influence of supervisor ostracism on employee turnover intention and the mediating roles of employee cynicism and job embeddedness. Design/methodology/approach Surveys were conducted to collect data in 3 waves, and 211 samples were finally obtained. The hypothesised relationships were tested using hierarchical multiple regression analyses and ProClin bootstrapping. Findings The results suggested that supervisor ostracism was positively related to employee turnover intention and that employee cynicism and job embeddedness played mediating roles. The analysis further confirmed that employee cynicism and job embeddedness played serial, double-mediating roles between supervisor ostracism and employee turnover intention. Practical implications This study helps understand the influence of supervisor ostracism on employee turnover intention, mitigating undesirable consequences that lead to employee turnover intention. Originality/value This study refines the knowledge on workplace ostracism, explores the impact of supervisor ostracism on employee turnover intention from different perspectives and reveals the relationship between them. It integrated cultural factors in a Chinese context, providing a further reference for local management practices.

Purpose Despite the literature on subordinates' destructive responses to abusive leadership, an emerging body of literature proposes that subordinates may react constructively to abusive supervision under certain conditions. The authors contribute to this line of research by proposing and testing the moderating effects of performance-approach and -avoidance goal orientation on the relationship between abusive supervision and task performance, and by testing work effort as a mechanism underlying this moderating effect. Design/methodology/approach The study hypotheses were tested in two studies. In Study 1 (field survey, N = 230), the moderation hypotheses were tested. Study 2 (experiment, N = 116) extended Study 1 and examined the mediated moderation model. Findings The study empirical evidence from the two studies showed that (1) abusive supervision was more positively related to an employee's task performance when that employee's performance-approach goal orientation was high (vs low), (2) abusive supervision was not more positively related to task performance when performance-avoidance goal orientation was high (vs low) and (3) the employee's work effort mediated the moderating effect of performance-approach goal orientation. Practical implications This research suggests that organizations and subordinates should be aware of the positive contextual role of performance-approach goal orientation, which may shape subordinates' subsequent work behavior in response to supervisors' hostility, and should invest more time and effort in reinforcing subordinates' performance-approach goal orientation. Originality/value This study has identified a new condition and offers new evidence of the potential functional effect of abusive supervision. Specifically, the study finding of the positive moderating role of performance-approach goal orientation adds to the literature examining when abused subordinates respond constructively to abusive supervision. The study analysis of the mediating effect of work effort further reveals the mechanism of this effect.

Purpose Drawing on the work as calling theory, the purpose of this study is to explore how and when career calling promotes taking charge by focusing on the mediating effects of work meaningfulness and felt obligation and the moderating role of family-friendly human resource practice (FF-HRP). Design/methodology/approach The authors collected data from 293 supervisor–employee dyads at three time points in southeastern China. Path analysis and bootstrap method were used for hypothesis testing. Findings Employees' perceived career calling positively affected taking charge through work meaningfulness and felt obligation. The positive effects of career calling on work meaningfulness and felt obligation as well as the indirect effect of career calling on taking charge are stronger when employees perceive high levels of FF-HRP. Practical implications Organizational interventions should be designed to enhance employees' sense of calling, and the organization should inspire employees to take charge by awakening their perception of work meaningfulness and obligation. Moreover, FF-HRP should be implemented as a form of organizational support. Originality/value This research identifies work meaningfulness and felt obligation as mediators that link career calling to taking charge and reveals the role of FF-HRP in amplifying the positive impact of career calling.

Purpose Studies of the antecedents of daily abusive supervision have mainly focused on work stressors and family stressors, ignoring the potential importance of commuting stressors that are encountered enroute to work. Based in affective events theory, the authors propose a daily, within-person model to examine how the commuting stressors faced by supervisors affect their propensity to engage in abusive supervision behavior and the mechanisms underlying this effect. Design/methodology/approach Using experience-sampling methodology, the authors collected data from 49 supervisors in China who responded to two daily surveys for 10 working days. Findings The authors found that daily morning commuting anger mediates the link between daily morning commuting stressors and subsequent abusive supervision. The authors also found that trait-displaced aggression moderates this relationship, such that the mediating effect occurs only when supervisors' trait-displaced aggression is high rather than low. Originality/value This study enriches the antecedents of daily abusive supervision and extends the commuting literature to the leadership context.

Purpose A growing body of research has suggested that the fallout of the Covid-19 pandemic has disproportionately impacted vulnerable groups such as working women, parents and older adults. Accordingly, and via the lens of social role and identity theories on gender and age at work, the authors examined the intersection of age, gender and potential caregiving responsibilities on worker well-being, work-family conflict and performance while working remotely during the Covid-19 pandemic. Design/methodology/approach In all, 1,174 Turkish job incumbents working from home either full- or part-time responded to a survey measuring self-reported anxiety, depression, stress, work-to-family conflict, family-to-work conflict and performance in the summer of 2020. Findings Despite using Bayesian modeling, good sample variability on age, gender and caregiving responsibilities, data collection timing allowing for the maximization of variance in individual attitudes toward working from home during the pandemic, outcome measures that evidenced excellent reliability and reasonably good data fit, and the inclusion of appropriate covariates and stringent robustness tests, hypothesized effects were overall found to be null. Practical implications The authors suggest that if remote work helps level the playing field, then that is impetus for organizations to further transition into such work arrangements. Originality/value The authors speculate on these counterintuitive results and suggest implications for future research and practice on the confluence of remote work and workplace diversity, including the potential benefits of remote work for women and older adults, the role of cultural values and the use of Bayesian methods to infer support for the null.

Purpose This research paper aims to elucidate why and how a fair supervisor influences an employee's job satisfaction. While various theoretical approaches have been explored and numerous explanatory mechanisms investigated in prior organizational justice research, it is still unclear which explanatory mechanism is the dominant one to explain fairness effects. To address this gap, the author compares six distinct explanatory mechanisms of fairness effects on job satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach The author conducted a three-phase survey study with 309 employees from diverse organizations. The author measured all variables twice to control for stability effects and ensure stable findings. The author combined a path analysis with bootstrapping procedures using Mplus 8.3 software. Findings The influence of supervisor fairness on job satisfaction is primarily transmitted through an employee's negative emotions, a mechanism often examined in previous organizational justice research adopting the moral perspective of fairness. Practical implications Supervisors can increase employees' satisfaction with their jobs by treating them fairly and promoting a fair work environment. To increase the benefits of workplace fairness, supervisors can focus on the intervening mechanisms, such as emotions. Originality/value First, the author provides a fine-grained understanding of why supervisor fairness increases job satisfaction. Second, the author clarifies how the effects of supervisor fairness are transmitted. Third, the author identifies the most critical mediator to explain how supervisor fairness affects job satisfaction.

Purpose The purpose of the study is to explore the relationship between leader bottom-line mentality (BLM) and employee social cyberloafing behavior. Based on social exchange theory, the authors propose that leader BLM will promote employee social cyberloafing behavior via psychological contract breach, especially when employee needs for relatedness is high. Design/methodology/approach To test the hypotheses, the authors conducted a multi-wave, multi-source field study with 185 paired employee–leader dyads at three time points. The hypotheses were tested by Mplus with a bootstrap approach to obtain confidence intervals. Findings The results show that leader BLM has a positive impact on employee social cyberloafing behavior, which is mediated by psychological contract breach. In addition, employee needs for relatedness moderates this process. Specifically, when employees pertain high needs for relatedness, the influence of leader BLM will be stronger. Practical implications This research paper highlights the detrimental influence of leader BLM and provide directions for preventing employee cyberloafing behavior. Originality/value Previous studies have drawn inconsistent conclusions on the effectiveness of leader BLM, such as enhancing task performance and eliciting social undermining. This study further explores the underlying mechanism linking leader BLM to employee social cyberloafing behavior and the boundary conditions. This has subsequently provided practitioners with new perspectives regarding why employees engage in counter-productive social cyberloafing.

Purpose This study aims to examine the effects of coworker incivility on employees' behaviors using a moderated mediation model that conceptualizes coworker exchange (CWX) as a mediator and servant leadership as a moderator. Design/methodology/approach The data were collected using a multi-temporal research design. The hypotheses were tested on a sample of 1,272 participants using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), hierarchical regression analysis and moderated path analysis. In addition, supervisor incivility was added as a control variable to partial out the potential influence on employees' behaviors. Findings The results of CFA ensured that all measures had discriminant and convergent validity. In addition, the results of hierarchical regression analysis and moderated path analysis indicated that CWX mediates the relationship between coworker incivility and employees' behaviors. Furthermore, servant leadership exacerbates the negative relationship between coworker incivility and CWX. Practical implications Leaders and practitioners should invest in communication training programs for developing employees' communication skills to avoid incivility. In addition to viewing incivility as inappropriate behavior, leaders and practitioners should understand the meaning beyond those incivilities. Originality/value This study utilized incivility spiral theory to examine how coworker incivility affects employees' behaviors. The mediated path analysis found that CWX mediates the relationship between these variables, which has been ignored by previous research. Furthermore, this study introduced servant leadership as a moderator to account for the “when” in incivility spiral theory, i.e. what kind of social context facilitates or inhibits the influence of coworker incivility on CWX.

Purpose The authors investigated how and when work connectivity behavior after-hours (WCBA) spilled over to cyberloafing, considering ego depletion as a mediator and motivations and workaholism as moderators. This paper aims to discuss the aforementioned objective. Design/methodology/approach In Study 1, 380 employees participated in a scenario experiment with a 2 × 2 between-subjects design. Studies 2 and 3 involved 483 and 406 employees, respectively in two two-wave surveys. Findings WCBA was indirectly linked to cyberloafing via ego depletion. However, when WCBA was driven by high autonomous and low controlled motivation, it exerted less influence on ego depletion, thus weakening the mediating effect of ego depletion. Moreover, the association between WCBA and ego depletion was not significant among employees accustomed to excessive work. The indirect effect of ego depletion also operated contingently on the level of excessive work. Originality/value The findings shed light on the spillover effects of WCBA, suggesting that WCBA may lead to cyberloafing by depleting resources. However, the influence of WCBA on ego depletion is concealed when employees engage in WCBA autonomously or are habituated to excessive work.

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of leader mindfulness on employee safety behaviors by focusing on the mediating role of employee resilience and the moderating role of perceived environmental uncertainty. Design/methodology/approach The authors surveyed 248 employees in the high speed railway company of China in three waves with a two-week interval. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses. The mediating effects and the moderated mediation effects are further tested with bias-corrected bootstrapping method. Findings Leader mindfulness positively affects employee safety compliance and safety participation, and these relationships were mediated by employee resilience. Perceived environmental uncertainty moderated the effects of leader mindfulness on employee resilience and the indirect effects of leader mindfulness on safety behaviors via employee resilience. Originality/value The findings elucidate the significance of leader mindfulness in promoting employee safety behaviors in the workplace.

Purpose This paper investigates the interaction effects of gender diversity and diversity beliefs on group-level personality fit (“collective personality fit”) and group organizational citizenship behavior (GOCB). It seeks to provide a sufficient understanding of the under-researched area, such as how group composition impacts group behavioral outcomes. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from 453 employees and their leaders in 63 teams of Korean private sector firms using a moderated-mediation model. Findings This study found that high diversity beliefs can weaken the negative effects of gender diversity on collective personality fit and further enhance GOCB. The results confirm the moderated-mediation effect of diversity beliefs in the relationship between gender diversity and GOCB. Practical implications Management should realize that the negative effect of workforce diversity on GOCB can be reduced by boosting collective personality fit in the team. In this process, enhancing diversity beliefs may relieve the adverse effects on GOCB caused by workgroup gender differences. Originality/value This study develops a group-level model proposing that the interaction effects of gender diversity and high diversity beliefs enable a high level of collective personality fit, enhancing GOCB. It attempts to investigate the effects of gender diversity at the group level under boundary conditions.

Purpose The main objectives of this study were to examine the congruent/incongruent effects of ethical leadership–abusive supervision (EL-AS) on employees' job performance (JP), mediated by employees' workplace emotions. Design/methodology/approach In this study, multiphase data were collected from 276 frontline employees at a large automobile manufacturing company in southwest China. The hypotheses were tested performing polynomial regression and response surface analysis. Findings The results revealed that employees in “high–high” and “high–low” EL-AS experienced more positive emotions (PE), while “low–high” EL-AS triggered more negative emotions. Furthermore, employees' workplace emotions mediate the effect of EL-AS's congruence/incongruence on employees' JP. Practical implications Leaders should notice the paradoxical effects of EL and AS and adopt ambidextrous thinking to enhance subordinates' PE. Originality/value This study enriches the literature on paradoxical leadership by exploring the complex consequences that may result from the incongruent practice of two leadership behaviors that are often considered paradoxical in nature. Furthermore, it shifts from the previous leader-centered perspective to a subordinate-centered perspective, complementing the theoretical perspectives of EL and AS research. And it deepens the understanding of the relationship between paradoxical leadership and employees' work outcomes by exploring the intrinsic affective mechanism.

Purpose This study aims to illustrate the mechanisms underlying the effect of stress on flow states in the context of a multilevel organization, in which case employees' perseverative cognition and reactions to challenge–hindrance stressors are affected by leader mindfulness. Design/methodology/approach Study 1 employed a three-wave time-lag survey, and study 2 conducted a diary study across 10 workdays to replicate the results of study 1. Multilevel structural equation modeling and Monte Carlo simulation were performed using Mplus 8.0 software to test all hypotheses. Findings Problem-solving pondering transmits the nonlinear effect of challenge stressors on flow, and affective rumination mediates the negative effect of hindrance stressors on flow. Leader mindfulness amplifies the tendency of followers to ruminate on the positive aspects of challenge stressors, consequently increasing their positive reactions and flow. Although leader mindfulness fails to influence followers to ruminate less on hindrance stressors, it negates the harmful effect of affective rumination on the flow experience. Originality/value This study is one of the first to examine the associations between stressor types and flow in the workplace. The authors also develop a new theory that highlights the ability of leader mindfulness to shape subordinates' stress, cognitions and reactions through social modeling and the authors identify the boundaries of its beneficial effects.

Purpose Previous studies have demonstrated that perceived job insecurity climate denotes an individual-level stressor. The present study reiterated this notion and investigated whether leadership responsibility moderated the association between perceived job insecurity climate and work-related strain about one year into the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Design/methodology/approach A sample of full-time workers (N = 1,399) in the USA was recruited, comprising 663 leaders and 763 non-leaders. Employing a cross-sectional design, the authors hypothesized that perceived job insecurity climate would be associated with work-related strain (i.e. burnout, absenteeism and presenteeism) and that these associations were stronger for employees with leadership responsibilities compared to non-leaders. Findings Findings revealed main effects of perceived job insecurity climate on burnout but not on absenteeism or presenteeism. Furthermore, leadership responsibility moderated the associations between perceived job insecurity climate and two out of three burnout measures in the hypothesized direction. The findings also revealed interaction effects regarding absenteeism and presenteeism, indicating that these associations are only positive and significant for employees with leadership responsibilities. Practical implications Perceptions of widespread job insecurity engender strain among leaders while simultaneously implying a heightened need for effective leadership. Organizations and practitioners should take the present findings into consideration when implementing preventive and restorative measures to address leaders' health and organizational competitiveness when job insecurity increases. Originality/value This study found that, as an individual stressor, perceived job insecurity climate is more detrimental to employees with leadership responsibility than to non-leaders.

Purpose The perseverative cognition framework suggests that observing ostracism has negative implications for observers due to affective rumination and that a proactive personality might make observers more vulnerable to this effect. Design/methodology/approach Data from 49 team leaders and 218 team members were obtained through a three-wave survey in China. Path analysis was used to examine the theoretical model. Findings The results indicate that observing ostracism increased turnover intention and reduced task performance and that these relationships were mediated by affective rumination. Furthermore, these effects were stronger for observers with high proactive personality. Research limitations/implications Workplace ostracism harms employees; however, its effects on observers remain underexplored. This paper extends research on the effects of ostracism by revealing that ostracism is not only harmful to the well-being of its victims but also adversely affects the work-related attitudes and behaviors of observers, especially those with proactive personality. Practical implications Organizations should be aware of the harmful effects of workplace ostracism on observers, and take actions to inhibit workplace ostracism as well as reduce the negatives impacts. Originality/value The results reveal the cognitive mechanism of affective rumination, in which observing workplace ostracism affects observers' behaviors and attitudes, highlighting the importance of observing effect of workplace ostracism.

Purpose This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of knowledge brokering and role crafting structures that promote the active engagement of older workers at work. Design/methodology/approach The respondents were workers in Japan aged 55–64 years. A two-wave panel survey was conducted. The first and second survey waves included 1,527 and 1,467 respondents, respectively. Findings The results showed that knowledge brokering positively influenced work engagement directly and indirectly. In the three dimensions of role crafting, cognitive and task crafting had a positive effect on work engagement. Research limitations/implications This study focused on older workers in Japan. Therefore, it is necessary to verify whether the same effect is observed in countries other than Japan or among younger workers. Practical implications On an individual level, older workers should aim to keep acquiring new information inside and outside the organisation. On an organisational level, it is effective to increase opportunities for older workers to craft their work according to the socioemotional selectivity and selection optimisation and compensation theories. Originality/value This study reveals that knowledge brokering and cognitive crafting in role crafting have an important influence on the work engagement of older workers. Additionally, this study clarifies the impact of job crafting on older workers not only from the perspective of resource crafting to achieve person-job fit but also from the perspective of reframing perceptions through cognitive crafting in role crafting. These findings enable a clearer understanding of the relationship between role crafting and knowledge brokering, as well as the socioemotional selectivity and selection optimisation and compensation theories.

Purpose Despite previous research highlighting the consequences of facades of conformity (FOC) on attitudes, emotions and feelings, little is known about their negative effects on behaviors. This study draws on the job stress process model to examine the association between FOC and cyberloafing and explores how anxiety functions as an underlying mechanism affecting cyberloafing. Design/methodology/approach A total of 185 employees from Chinese organizations participated in a two-wave questionnaire survey. Findings The study found a positive relationship between FOC and cyberloafing and noted that anxiety mediates this relationship. The research also identified that performance–avoidance goal orientation moderates the relationship between FOC and anxiety, as well as the indirect effects of the FOC–cyberloafing relationship via anxiety. Practical implications The research findings demonstrate that FOC is positively associated with anxiety and cyberloafing. The disruptive nature of FOC in the workplace has been revealed. Furthermore, this study provides valuable suggestions for managers on how to reduce employee FOC and cyberloafing. Originality/value Using the job stress process model, this study investigates whether (main effect), how (a mediating mechanism) and when (boundary condition) FOC drives cyberloafing, deepening the understanding of the relationship between FOC and cyberloafing.

Purpose Accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, in recent years, face-to-face coaching has largely shifted to online coaching. The authors examined both the side effects of and coaching success in face-to-face, blended and online coaching from both coaches' and clients' perspectives. This paper aims to discuss the aforementioned examination. Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted two independent studies to examine the differences between the side effects of face-to-face, blended and online coaching. In Study 1 ( N = 119), the authors compared the side effects of these formats using a quasi-experimental design and tested differences in perceived coaching success from the coaches' perspective. In Study 2 ( N = 104), the authors integrated the client perspective on the side effects of coaching formats into the design and tested the differences. Findings Coaches in the face-to-face format experienced a significantly lower prevalence of side effects for their clients compared to coaches who engaged in the blended and online coaching formats. From the client perspective, clients experienced the most side effects of the blended coaching format. Neither study showed any differences between the coaching formats in perceived coaching success. Practical implications The results provide guidance to practitioners in choosing the most suitable coaching format for themselves. Being aware of side effects in coaching can help both coaches and clients take appropriate measures to mitigate the impact of these effects. Originality/value This paper is the first to expand knowledge about side effects in coaching across different coaching formats from both coaches' and clients' perspectives. The findings provide evidence regarding the context in which coaching is currently performed in a post-COVID world, with sustainability remaining a global concern and a key driver for organizations.

Purpose This study aims to examine the role of trust in management and state government in mitigating the relationships between individual- and state-level stressors and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from a US sample still working during the first wave of infections (N = 437) and was supplemented with objective state-level data. Data were analyzed using hierarchical regression modeling with the PROC MIXED procedure with SAS software to incorporate both individual- and state-level variables. Findings Results indicated that individual-level stressors (work and family role overload) were positively associated with stress; however, the relationship between family role overload and stress was mitigated among those with high trust in state government. Results indicated that state-level stressors (infection rates and population density) were not associated with stress; however, the relationship between state population density and stress was positive among those with low trust in management and negative among those with high trust in management. Practical implications This study highlights the need for organization and government leaders to build trust before and during crisis situations, as well as engage in a collaborative approach to managing stressors in crisis situations. Originality/value This study highlights the importance of expanding the focus of employee trust across organizational boundaries for understanding employee well-being during a crisis situation. This study also demonstrates the cross-over effects of trust, such that organization leaders can protect workers from community stressors, while government leaders can protect workers from family stressors.

Purpose Mentor secure-base support, characterized as mentor availability, noninterference and encouragement of growth, has important implications for newcomer socialization. Drawing on attachment theory, this paper aims to examine the relationship between mentor secure-base support and newcomers' workplace courage. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected at three time points with a new police officer sample ( n = 124). A cross-lagged panel design was used to test the hypotheses. Findings Mentor secure-base support is causally precedent to newcomers' workplace courage, whereas the reverse relationship from workplace courage to mentor secure-base support was not held. Practical implications To help newcomers integrate into their organization and enhance their workplace courage, organizations should actively promote and foster mentoring relationships in which mentors can provide a secure base for mentees. Originality/value The authors' findings support that newcomers' workplace courage can be cultivated by mentor secure-base support. It provides insight for organizations to explore workplace courage development for newcomers.

Purpose Based on the conservation of resources theory, the authors propose a research model depicting the positive relationship between team reflexivity and work-to-family enrichment via the mediation of thriving at work, with the moderation of transformational leadership. This paper aims to discuss the aforementioned idea. Design/methodology/approach The authors collected data from 367 employees in 79 teams at three time points. The authors test the model by using a multilevel moderated mediation analysis. Findings Results of this paper indicate that thriving at work partially mediates the relationship between team reflexivity and work-to-family enrichment. Furthermore, transformational leadership enhances the positive relationship between team reflexivity and thriving at work. Practical implications Organizations are advised to encourage employees' involvement in team reflexivity, facilitate their thriving at work and raise managers' awareness of work-family issues. Exemplary measures include nurturing open communication and providing training programs that encourage positivity in the workplace. By doing so, organization could strengthen the relationship between team reflexivity and work-to-family enrichment. Originality/value This research demonstrates the positive relationship between team reflexivity and work-to-family enrichment, deepening theoretical understanding of the antecedents of the construct. The findings of moderated mediation analysis shed light on the mechanism through which team reflexivity affects work-to-family enrichment, and the role that transformational leadership plays.

Purpose-Drawing on social identity theory, this study aims to disentangle the values and prestige-related mechanisms through which an organization's external corporate social responsibility (CSR) leads to increased employee participation in, and communication of, CSR. The moderating effect of internally-directed CSR initiatives on employees' external CSR (ECSR) behaviors is also examined. Design/methodology/approach-A longitudinal survey of 196 employees was conducted and structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to assess the relationship between ECSR and employee CSR engagement. Findings-The relationship between employee perceptions of ECSR and the employee perceptions' engagement in CSR was fully mediated by value congruence, but not by the organization's perceived external prestige. The effects of ECSR on both value congruence and prestige were stronger when employees also experienced high levels of internal CSR (ICSR). Practical implications-When employees perceive consistency in the respective organizations' external and ICSR efforts, this strengthens the employees' initial beliefs about the firm's values and reputation and enhances employees' willingness to promote the employees' company's CSR initiatives to organizational outsiders. Originality/value-This study advances the authors' theoretical understanding of why, and when, organizational CSR initiatives generate greater CSR engagement among employees.

Purpose – Health-oriented leadership (HoL) encompasses leaders’ health behaviors and attitudes toward their followers (StaffCare) and themselves (SelfCare), and there is ample evidence of its positive effects on employee well-being. However, research on the antecedents of StaffCare is still in its infancy and does not account for within-person variability. Therefore, the authors adopt a leader-centered perspective and propose a serial mediation model that links leaders’ intrapersonal fluctuations in job resources and demands to StaffCare, mediated by leaders’ SelfCare, work engagement and emotional exhaustion. Design/methodology/approach – Over five working weeks, 234 school principals responded to a weekly questionnaire, resulting in a total of 956 responses. Multilevel structural equation models were used for analysis. Findings – The data supported SelfCare as a mechanism in leaders’ motivational and health-impairment processes. The proposed serial mediation of the relationship between job resources and StaffCare via leader SelfCare and work engagement was also supported. Practical implications – The study can guide job redesign for leaders by highlighting the role of job resources. Investing in interventions aimed at the SelfCare of leaders is likely to have a positive impact on their leadership. Originality/value – These findings suggest that job characteristics and the leader’s well-being shape leader cognitions and behaviors. Therefore, the authors suggest integrating the HoL model into the job demands–resources (JD-R) model for leaders.

Purpose This study investigated the effect of individual perceptions of innovation-oriented human resource system (IHRS) on individual innovative work behavior (IWB) and how this effect is realized. Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted an online questionnaire survey at three time points with 481 employees in three Chinese organizations. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothesized relationships among the variables. Findings Perceived IHRS was found to positively influence IWB, and this effect was sequentially mediated by individual perceptions of innovative culture and intrinsic motivation. Practical implications In order to elicit IWB, HR systems should be constructed around the strategic objective of innovation. Moreover, there should be a match between IHRS and innovative culture to trigger intrinsic motivation and ultimately IWB. Originality/value This study examines the effect of perceptions of IHRS on individuals' IWBs; Moreover, it integrates organizational culture and individual motivation and finds a chain mediating role of individual perceptions of innovative culture and intrinsic motivation in the relationship between IHRS and IWB.