JICSA (Journal of Islamic Civilization in Southeast Asia)

The purpose of this study was to determine and find out how the application and form of implementation of the principle of complicating divorce cases in the Class II Serui Religious Court. The data sources of this research are divorce case documents ranging from lawsuit/divorce applications, BAS (Session Minutes), and decisions or decisions issued by the panel of judges. This research is qualitative descriptive field research that takes place in Class II Serui Religious Court. The approach used is the juridical, syar'i, anthropological, and sociological approaches. The data collection obtained in the field is by analyzing observation techniques, interviews, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that in general the principle of complicating divorce in the Serui Religious Court is quite good, this is inseparable from the free time available for the assembly and mediator to reconcile husband and wife in divorce proceedings.

This study aims to determine the effect of financial literacy, motivation, and risk on investment in Indonesia through the impact of covid-19 as an intervening variable. This research is a descriptive study that tries to explain the effect of each variable based on references and previous research results. In general, based on the theory and the results of previous research, it shows that financial literacy and motivation greatly affect the desire to invest in Indonesia as well as the risk that does not affect investment because it is a factor that must be anticipated by economic actors. However, the impact of COVID-19 has caused investment in Indonesia to be greatly affected.

This article discusses the implementation of article 29 UUD 1945 as an embodiment of religious tolerance in Islamic law perspective. Religious tolerance has become an essential object, this because of pluralism cultures and various religions which have been naturally developed as well as accepted by all of the citizens. If this could not well-managed in an atmosphere of good cooperation, then it is possible that differences in religious culture would have trigger social conflict. The findings suggest on that article provision on 29 Indonesian Constitution contained; (a) Believing and god-fearing on Oneness God in accordance with human civilized; (b) Construct the respect and tolerance among religions; (c) Admitting that every citizen free to worship and not to impose the will on other people's religion. This respect is merely to look for and find out the similarity and equality that may have advantages as comparative materials.

This article discusses the formation of the religious character of students through scout extracurricular activities where 1 Bone The type of research used by the author is qualitative research (Field Research). Qualitative research is descriptive, namely a form of research aimed at describing an object, existing phenomena which will then be outlined in a narrative writing. The key instrument is the researcher himself, namely the researcher as a planner, implementer in collecting data, analyzing, interpreting data, and reporting on the results of his research. In order to facilitate students so that their character can develop, the school forms many extracurricular activities to support the learning process.

This study discusses the Performance Allowance in the perspective of al-'Adl in the Indonesian Ministry of Religion, Gowa Regency. This type of research is a type of qualitative descriptive study with a phenomelogical approach that explains the phenomena and their meaning for individuals by conducting interviews with a number of individuals and the location of the study was conducted at the Indonesian Ministry of Religion, Gowa Regency. Sources of data obtained consisted of primary data sources of 12 informants, as well as secondary data. Data collection methods used are observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the process of receiving performance allowances in the manner of payment and giving, addition, and reduction of performance allowances is in accordance with government regulations. In addition, the value of Al-'Adl is an imbalance in the receipt of performance benefits with employee performance which is assessed through employee performance appraisal. The value of Al-'Adl is that there is no equality in providing training opportunities and infrastructure for employees. The value of Al-'Adl is that there is a mismatch in the receipt of performance allowances based on the time of payment, employee workload, and employee obligations.

Zakat is one of the pillars of Islam that is required of all Muslims whose wealth has reached Nisab. The collection of BAZNAS zakat funds in Papua province through several stages, namely through socialization to several institutions both public and private and initially originated from UPZ funds in the Jayapura region. Based on the recapitulation of zakat funds in Papua province through BAZNAS in 2018 amounting to Rp. 963,858,000. The distribution of zakat funds carried out by BAZNAS in Papua province is not only a consumptive way but also in a productive way, this is an effective way for community economic empowerment such as assistance distributed to 5 Papuan Muslims, assistance through BKMT, zakat fostered villages (Ambon and Dobonsolo villages) and empowerment of spinach farmers in Mappi district. In addition to the economic empowerment of the people through zakat there is also the provision of scholarship assistance ranging from elementary, junior high, high school and university, in 2018 a number of 23 people have received scholarship assistance through zakat funds. According to the analysis of researchers that the recapitulation of zakat funds shows that between the receipt of Rp. 963,858,000 and expenditure or distribution of Rp. 438,811,500 were unbalanced, so the discovery by the audit team occurred because the distribution was less than 70%.

This article discusses the application of the Jigsaw Cooperative Learning Model in Improving Students' Critical Thinking Skills and Mastery of Akhlak Concepts at Mi Paranakeng 2. This article uses a quantitative type of research, this study attempts to describe the current condition in a quantitative context. to determine the application of the independent variable, namely the Jigsaw recitation cooperative learning model on the dependent variable, namely the students' critical thinking ability and mastery of the concept of moral aqidah, and continued by calculating how much influence the independent variable had. In the learning process activities, the teacher or educator as the central figure of the teacher, and students as the subject of learning, are required to play a role in achieving educational goals in schools. At the same time, teachers and students are required in terms of knowledge, abilities, attitudes, so that the teaching and learning process can be carried out effectively and efficiently. The application of the jigsaw type of cooperative learning model at MI Paranakeng 2 was implemented properly and efficiently when researchers used it in teaching morals.

This article is the result of a descriptive qualitative study on the thinking of a community leader in Ntori Village, Bima Regency named H. Usman Mustakim. Appointed as an appreciation for his dedication to the formation of morals in society as a reflection of a complete human being who is not only knowledgeable but also has to have morals. This research uses the Sufism approach, with the data collection method of observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis process includes data collection, data verification, and validation, and concluding. The results of this study are a series of efforts by H. Usman Mustakim to form community morals by providing an understanding of the concept of morality in the style of the prophet and should be able to integrate the personalities of the prophet Sulaiman A.S, the prophet Daud A.S, the prophet Yusuf A.S, and the prophet Muhammad Saw. The four prophets are a reflection of the personal ideal as a servant of Allah, encompassing intelligence, assertiveness and strength, beauty and gentleness, and nobility like the prophet Muhammad.

The results of the study stated that the innovation of Postgraduate lecturers at UIN Alauddin Makassar during the pandemic, namely the form of innovation was maximized but the effect or impact of the innovation was not maximized, because it was caused by several factors that were constrained by students, for example network disturbances, when students were making presentations. The innovation of Postgraduate lecturers at UIN Alauddin Makassar in managing learning during the pandemic is less effective because based on the observations of researchers, it shows that some students are constrained in the network when the learning process takes place, students do not follow the lesson well, indicated by the presence of students who do not activate the camera, lack of focus in receive the subject matter, so that it does not achieve the proper learning objectives.

This article discusses the typology of understanding and the level of diversity of students from Bima district in UIN Alauddin Makassar. The research suggest that the reality of their understanding and religious attitudes consist of several categories: First, the tendency to understand the average Makassar UIN Alauddin student from Bima district to the doctrine of salvation for other religions is quite moderate or inclusive. Then from the four sub-variables of this study indicate that in the two sub-variables the respondents' answers showed a positive tendency, regarding Islamic variables and intellectual discourse and sub perceptual variables about acts of violence in the name of religion. Second, these two sub-variables show a moderate religious understanding and attitude from the respondents which is shown by an appreciative attitude towards the use of intellectual discourse in Islamic studies. The three perception variables about acts of violence in the name of religion, students from Bima UIN Alauddin Makassar have a moderate tendency, and evident from the answers of most respondents to the phenomenon of acts of violence in the name of religion. Fourth, the totality in this sub-variable shows the moderate attitude of respondents who reject all forms of coercion and violence in fighting for religion.

This article discusses the values of Islamic education in the Bugis traditional marriage procession in the Tanete Riattang Barat sub-district, Bone district. This article uses the type of qualitative research (qualitative research). In this research, the data sources are interviews, observations, and documentation. The informants in this study were Ulama, traditional leaders and local communities. The Bugis traditional marriage procession is not a religious obligation in Islam that determines whether a marriage is valid or not, but the people in the Bugis Bone area believe that the traditional wedding procession carried out has meaning. This can be seen from every series of processions carried out based on Bugis Customs in the Tanete Riattang Barat District, Bone Regency, which can be seen from every wedding procession carried out by the people of the West Riattang Tanete District. These customs are traditions that are carried out from generation to generation and passed down from generation to generation.

This study focuses on the values of Islamic education contained in the customary marriage in Tembalae Village, Pajo District, Dompu Regency. Description of the focus of this research are the process of implementing traditional marriages in Tembalae village, Pajo sub-district, Dompu district and the values of Islamic education in marriage customs in Tembalae village, Pajo sub-district, Dompu district. The results of the research on marriage customs in Tembalae village through several stages: Firstly, stages before the marriage contract, a. panati (small meeting), b. wi,i Nggahi (application), c. Mbolo Weki (consultation ), d. Wa,a Co,i (delivery of dowry ), e. ziki map Kapanca (sticking henna leaves ). Secondly, stages of implementing the marriage contract, namely lafa (contract). Thirdly, the stages as difficult as the marriage contract are Jambuta Tekarne,e ( wedding party). The values of Islamic education contained in the marriage customs in Tembalae Village include the value of Aqidah education, the value of Worship education, and the value of moral education, which need to be developed and preserved.

This paper discusses re-conception of the requirements of polygamy marriage in Indonesia. It is expected to reach a fair for husband, wife, and children as well as to achieve the spirit of marriage goals. Juridical normative research methods are used to see injustice in the requirements of polygamy in UUP No.1 of 1974, namely 3, 4, and 5, and which do not correlate with Article 1 of that law. The research suggests that the understanding the text as well as patriarchal culture are the leading contributors to the injustice and must be resolved, so the dignity of marriages that is beneficial by protecting the parties without discrimination and humanity can be realized.

This study examines and examines the use of Android-based animated videos in learning Islamic Religious Education in Elementary Schools, Benteng Islands Selayar District. The purpose of the study was to get an overview of the integration of android-based animation videos and to find a picture of the interaction that was built on the use of android-based animated videos in learning Islamic Religious Education at the Benteng Selayar Elementary School. This type of research is classified as qualitative descriptive with a phenomenological approach. The data sources of this research are the Principal, Islamic Religious Education Teachers, students and parents. The results of the study indicate that the integration of android-based animated videos in Islamic Religious Education learning is that Islamic Religious Education teachers carry out learning using learning media in the form of simple android-based animated videos.

This article discusses the development of Judaism in European and the history of the Arab-Jewish conflict. Researchers in this case uses qualitative methods by collecting library data. The historical approach is an alternative research in tracing the traces of Jews in Europe and the beginning of the Arab-Jewish conflict. The author comes to the conclusion that a change of power, conquest, war has brought the Jewish nation to the pain of continuing suffering. Get discriminatory treatment to be the lowest class and intolerance treatment from the authorities who control the area where they settled. The unfair treatment they received from the authorities until 70 AD when the Jews under Roman rule broke out but ended in failure and caused damage to their own diei. The Temple of Solomon which was the center of their religious worship in Jerusalem was destroyed. These conditions caused the Jewish people to scatter to the outside world which became known as The Great Diaspora.

This article discusses the influence of the application of online learning with the presentation system of the hiwar method and the assignment method on interest in Islamic education subject (PAI) learning at Senior High School (SMAN) 5 Soppeng. The type of research this research is ex-post facto. Ex-post facto research is research in which the independent variables have been treated, or treatment was not carried out at the time of the research. In this research, the data generated is not in the form of numbers, but data that is expressed symbolically in the form of words. The learning methods that have been offered by the government, are not fully heeded by students. The reason is that many of them feel bored and tired due to the many tasks given by educators. The lesson schedule takes place like classroom learning, but learning is carried out at home so that if there are four subjects in a day, then they will get four assignments at once. To overcome this, it is necessary to have an interest in learning from students.

This paper discusses the Professional Competence of Teachers in Selayar Islands Regency.The purpose of this study was to determine the form of professional competence of PAI (Islamic education) teachers in Selayar Islands Regency. In addition, Islamic education teacher association (AGPAI) contribution in developing the professional competence of PAI teachers in the Selayar Islands Regency. Furthermore, the results of the professional competence development of PAI teachers in the Selayar Islands Regency. This type of research is a descriptive qualitative case study in the Selayar Islands Regency. The results of this study show that the form of professional competence of PAI teachers is seen from various assessments including mastery of materials, structures, concepts, and scientific mindsets that support PAI subjects.

This article mainly concerned about factors that cause students to stay in class have difficulty learning in the subjects of Islamic Cultural History there are two factors, namely internal factors, and external factors. Slow learner students experience learning difficulties in Islamic Cultural History subjects due to internal factors in the form of health that is often disrupted, prenatal disorders, and low intelligence, also caused by external factors from the family environment. The learning difficulties of underachiever students in Islamic Cultural History subjects are influenced by internal factors in the form of no interest in learning in Islamic Cultural History subjects, causing students to lack attention, motivation, and lack of readiness in following the learning process.

The main problem of this research is how the Principal's role in the implementation of the Qur'anic Generation Development Program (Tahsin, Tahfidz, and Tadabbur) in Athirah I Islamic Elementary School Makassar. This research uses qualitative research. The data sources of this research are the Principal, Coordinator of the Koran, and students' participation. Furthermore, the data collection methods used are, observation, and reference tracking. Then, data processing and analysis techniques are carried out through three stages, namely: data reduction, data presentation, and concluding. The results of this study indicate that there are seven steps in the implementation of tahsin, tahfidz, and tadabbur in learning to read the Koran at SD Athirah 1 Makassar, namely: Opening, Apperception, Concept Planting, Concept Understanding, Exercise/Skills, Evaluation, Closing, both in terms of Individual, classical individual, and classical reading.

The main issue of this research is how the historical review of Islamic education in Mulnithi Azizstan Madrasa in Pattani-Southern Thailand. This type of research is a descriptive qualitative research that uses phenomenological, pedagogical, and psychological approaches. The researcher took the location in Mulnithi Azizstan Madrasa Pattani South Thailand. The findings showed that the early history of Islamic education in Pattani Thailand began in 1961 in the government of Sarit Tanarat by proposing a modernization program for Islamic boarding schools which was transformed into a private Islamic education school. After that policy, the growth of Islamic boarding schools is increasing rapidly. One of them is the Mulnithi Azizstan Madrasa. The concept of Islamic education institution in Mulnithi Azizstan Madrasa initially used the concept of Suffah in the time of its establishment. At present, the madrasa uses the concept of Halaqah and Majelis as the ways for students to learn. Finally, Mulnithi Azizstan Madrasa changed the learning system into each class.

The impurity of Islam understood by most Indonesian Muslims at the beginning of dissemination constitutes to a form of adaptation through assimilation between Islam and local tradition that animism and dynamism are found, so that the Indonesian Muslims show things that are contrary with principles of Islam, especially those are related to the principles of Islamic’s theology that rejects all forms of musyrik and khurafat . The si nkretisme happens and experiences over all archipelago in general and continues to be-so, at least before some Islamic reform movement is present as neutralizing the situation. The existences of Islamic reform movements are not able to eliminate the ongoing process of acculturation. There is no much efforts provided considering that all movements in colonial period are limited. It is only at the time of Indonesia's independence that is all movements by reformist and traditional ulama are in move to act the upheaval including those take place in Selayar with Makka Keke’s belief system in the village of Gantarang.

This article discusses the Implementation of Character Education in Islamic Religious Education Subjects at Senior High School 1 (SMA 1) Benteng, Selayar. This study uses qualitative research by analyzing existing information data, based on facts in the field. Data obtained through observation, interviews, documentation and drawing conclusions so that they can unravel the problem completely in accordance with the problems discussed. Implementation of planting character values to students. So the most important thing is the teacher's expertise in internalizing the character education. into all aspects of subjects that will be given to students in schools because character education is one of the main elements of religion that cannot be separated from Islamic teachings. That is why character education is integrated in Islamic Religious Education subjects.

This article discusses the perception of Palakka people toward the existence of Petta Betta’e grave. Based on the research, the vast majority of Palakka people believe that spirit of Petta Betta’e still exist and may influence people’s life. This resulted in strongly appreciating and positioning the grave as the noble one among the others. This belief is truly inherited for a number of generations. This tradition illustrates that visiting this grave can further color people’s life before they die. This research aims at providing the people views of point about this historical tradition. This employs qualitative research as an alternative approach to interpret this phenomena. In gaining datas, the author conducts interview, observation and document collection. The research suggests that through strong education in terms of religious understanding, Palakka people will realize the importance of remembering the death people especially their heritage.

This research examines the influence of headmaster leadership as well its circumstances toward the competence of teachers in Muhammadiyah Primary school. It employs a quantitative research methodology. The results of the questionnaire processed show that the influence of the leadership of the head of the madrasah and the madrasah environment together on the professional competence of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Muhammadiyah teachers in Bontonompo and South Bontonompo Districts, Gowa Regency is not positive. However, the researchers suggest that the influence of the Leadership of Madrasah Principals on Professional Competence is positive. The results of this study are related to Muhammad Surya's theory which states that the school environment includes living objects in the form of the closest human being in the form of the closest human that surrounds him, namely the family. Family is the main and first educational environment because humans get education for the first time from the family environment before knowing other environments.

This article discusses the role of Theology Teachers in Building a Classroom Climate for Students at Mts Nur Muhammad Pemana, Sikka Flores Regency, NTT. This article uses a qualitative research methodology with a focus on research (Field Research) in obtaining documents related to this issue and using multiple sites. Teachers have a very big role in creating a conducive classroom climate, so teacher competence is needed. A good classroom climate will describe demonstrations, where the teacher's behavior is more active in creating a conducive classroom climate. where a teacher provides opportunities for optimal learning achievement. Students who live in a pleasant classroom atmosphere are expected to be able to produce better performance when compared to children who live in an unpleasant classroom atmosphere. The author has come to the conclusion that the role of the moral theology teacher of class VIII MTs Nur Muhammad starting from the role of class management is both from students and the state of the classroom environment before the lesson begins, then after that hold a little dialogue or story with the aim of conditioning students to learn.

This paper discusses the al-Jami Campus Da'wah Institute strategy in shaping religious understanding among students, al-Jami Campus Da'wah Institute is the first intra-campus institution in the UIN Alauddin Makassar environment, as the central preaching in the campus environment until now, as for the objectives the establishment of this institution as a means to instill understanding of Islam in the form of the values of faith, worship and morals among students, over time the Campus Preaching Institutions that exist on campus have emerged, so that the existence of LDK al-Jami sometimes does not have an existence as a missionary institution on campus in preaching because of the many preaching institutions that have sprung up, both in the name of intra and extra-campus institutions, the preaching strategy undertaken by the campus missionary institution by using several patterns so that it can attract students to join and conduct ongoing coaching through mentors ing, general studies, and special studies. This paper tries to examine the pattern of coaching conducted by LDK al-Jami in preaching in the UIN Alauddin Makassar environment.

This paper is mainly concernced on how to implement state sharia securities using the value chain basis at Majene State Islamic Institute. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research, using a phenomenological approach, the data sources in this study, including primary data in the form of the results of field studies conducted at this college, and secondary data in the form of documents that are considered supportive and relevant to research studies. The results of the study showed that the activities at Majene State Islamic College consisted of: (1) main activities, including: selection of prospective new students, academic activities, teaching and learning processes, initialization and promotion, research and community service. (2) supporting activities, including: the procurement of infrastructure and financing of State Sharia Securities which are supported by HR management and financial management that is illegal. The two activities have relevance, so that a value chain is formed which produces benefits in the form of security, health, comfort and convenience of State Sharia Securities buildings from State Sharia Securities , and the value of benefits, in the form of maintaining religion, soul, mind and wealth. Because the end result of this value chain is benefit, the actual activity of procuring SBSN financing facilities at Majene State Islamic Institute, researchers have the conclusion that the concept of Islamic value chain is formed.

This paper analyzes how the issue of multicultural citizenship and civil religion has been practiced and debated in Indonesia from political perspective. The writer argues that multicultural citizenship is closely associated with civil religion, in the sense that the latter is the way to objectify and strengthen the earlier. The problem is that the more civil religion is routinized and objectified in daily life, the less the sense of the sacred is. As soon as religion has widely been practiced by members of the society, it soon becomes secular, losing its religious sense since it entangles with local culture. Therefore, objectifying and mainstreaming civic religion must be accompanied by keeping its religious arguments in order to give the civil religion sense of the sacred. As a multicultural country, Indonesia has long acknowledged multicultural citizenship. Sociologically speaking, each Indonesian citizen can live side by side regardless his/her socio-religious background without any discrimination. Indonesian constitution (UUD 1945) clearly states that everyone is equal before the law. Nevertheless, Indonesia’s multicultural citizenship soon becomes at stake, especially when political and economic factors interfere into the public sphere.

This study discusses the dynamics of da'wah communication that occurs in the Muslim minority area of Tana Toraja. The main problem discussed was how the dynamics of da'wah communication in the Muslim minority area of Tana Toraja. This research is a qualitative research, with a phenomenological approach in the context of da'wah and communication. Data collection was carried out by observation, interviews, and literature review. The data analysis technique was carried out, referring to the data analysis principles put forward by Miles and Huberman. It offers an interactive model analysis system, which consists of three components, namely data reduction, data display, and drawing conclusions. The research suggested that the dynamics of da'wah communication in the Muslim minority areas of Toraja experienced five phases with different dynamics, namely the pre-colonial era, the colonial era, the independence era, the New Order era, and the reform era.

This article deals with the explanation of local celebration called mocera tasi performed by the ethnic Wotu community in East Luwu District. The focus of the research is closely related to the values understood by the Wotu ethnic community, in relation to the ritual of mocera tasi. Such Values, according to Community understanding, were derived from the cultural practices within the community. The ritual, in addition, was carried out by the Wotu community in order to legitimize the leadership of the Macowa Bawalipu as Wotu traditional leaders, to expressing gratitude to Allah SWT, and to rejecting reinforcements. The mocera tasi rituals as a ritual for ratifying traditional leaders are classified as adat rituals. Mocera tasi, in addition, as an expression of gratitude and refusal of reinforcements is also classified as folk ritual. The benefit to be achieved in the ritual of mocera tasi is linked to the maintenance of the benefit of Nasab (family blood) and wealth. The level of the benefit of the ritual of mocera tasi is at the level of ḥājiyyat.

This paper aims to showed the inclination that occur in democratic process associated with the presence democratization in the “Era Reformasi”. This era begin as soon as the end of Suharto regime in 1998 that considered to brought Indonesia into democratic period which also occur in the local level. One thing that considered as effort to achieve democracy is the implementation of Decentralization via the Regional Autonomy that was regulated thru some regulations, where today the new law is the Law No. 23 year 2014. That Laws gives more opportunity to the local people to manage their area based on their objectives context. It makes some local issues including local identity became important aspect in the regional social political dynamics including in the regional election. Through the directly electoral system where people vote became the most important factor of the results, some local context then becomes prominent aspects in the process. When a region occupy by non-moslem or the Christian as like as the Toraja lands consequently issues related to the Christianity becomes important thing during the election. That condition than becomes problematic for the non-mosleem people that also have rights to vote or to be voted based on the democracy values and the laws with the fact that they are the minority in that regions. Pictures from the Toraja regional election then showed tendency on how the moslem people positioned theirselves as minority in the political dynamics of the Christian majority land and what its implication to the social politics construction in this regions. Finally fact from toraja’s land will show whether a unique condition as the contextual experience of the mosleem community as minority in particular region while in fact they are the majority in the nation.

The main focus of this paper,comparative elaboration of Easter egg in Orthodox Christianity in Eastern Europe and Maulid egg in southern Sulawesi, become the strategic field of female engagement with their communality. The very crucial element in this brief comparison is the obvious feminine quality of both Maulid egg and Easter egg, thus both of this socio-religious practices conducted, exercised, examined by female subjects in its primer state. I construct the feminine role in Maulid egg and Easter egg through three centripetal stages in which feminine subject articulate its self-definition and self-positioning in socio-religious landscape; garden, kitchen, and public ritual occupying public sphere, all of which reflect the strategic and irreversible role and self-articulation by feminine subjects.

This article discusses the thoughts of Mutahhari Mutahhari about Divine Will and Human Will, Research Objectives, To know and understand how the construction of the Divine will and human will in the view of Mutahhari Murtadha. This type of research is a descriptive qualitative research. The approach used is a philosophical approach, but the philosophical approach used in this thesis is the Islamic philosophical approach (disposition). The data source is divided into two, namely primary data sourced from Motahhari's works and secondary data which are related to Motahhari's thoughts. Data processing and analysis techniques are done by using the process of arranging data sequences, organizing them in a pattern, category and basic description units, and the data analysis used in this study is qualitative analysis, this method is intended that the analysis departs from the data and leads to conclusions General research results show that there is a link between the Divine will and the human will, where both (Divine will and Human will) are not in conflict. The Divine Will in this case the Divine destiny does not confine man and destroys it even it is Divine destiny that makes man free and independent in choosing what he wants.

The Ethnic Relations Course introduced in 2006 at Higher Education Institutions (IPT) is an attempt to address the issues of ethnic relations that are often an issue in country development. The course is a national medium towards creating an ethnical integration with diverse backgrounds of belief and culture. However, ethnic differences will certainly create diverse perceptions among students. If this is the case, then the offer of the course will not achieve its goal. The main objective of this study is to examine the students' attitudes based on the ethnic factors influencing the course offering. The research instrument was developed by the researcher based on the objectives of the course. Respondents were randomly selected from 300 people comprising of second semester Ethnic Relations course students in 2016/2017 at UUM. The findings showed that ethnic factors also influenced the perceptions difference between students towards the offer of Ethnic Relations course although not significant. To overcome this distinction, the government should extend the basic concepts of the course to students since the schooling.

This paper discusses the Muhammadiyah Association in Sikka Flores Regency, East Nusa Tenggara. Because this study is a qualitative study, the authors use an educational approach, a sociological approach and a religious approach as an analysis tool to approach the study in question. The source of scientific data obtained from the management, leaders and cadres Persyarikatan Muhammadiyah in Sikka Regency; school principals, teachers and students at Muhammadiyah schools in Sikka Regency; document; and observations. The instruments used were observation guidelines, interview guidelines, and documentation. Data analysis techniques are data reduction, data display, and data verification. Triangulation is used to test the validity of the data. The researcher came to the conclusion that Muhammadiyah thought had been in contact with Muslim Sikka Regency since 1937, brought by Mr. Husaini Daeng Maramba who came from Selayar, South Sulawesi. Many obstacles faced by Persyarikatan Muhammadiyah Sikka Regency, including: multiple positions, lack of human resources, lack of funds and land, lack of maximum cadre enthusiasm and Muslim awareness of the importance of education are still lacking. Various efforts have been made including: regeneration, withdrawal of contributions, submission of proposals for aid, establishing cooperation, finding land outside Muslim villages, undertaking religious and familial approaches, exemplary, earnest sacrifice, earnest determination and earnest effort, ta'awun between business charity and sincerity are the basis in every movement.

The objectives of this study are to describe the leadership of Islamic Religious Education teachers in class VIII of Junior High School (SMPN) 1 Enrekang. It also describe the motivation of students in class VIII SMPN 1 Enrekang. The paper also describe the learning interest of students in class VIII of SMPN 1 Enrekang as well as testing the influence of Islamic Religious Education teacher leadership on the motivation of students in class VIII of SMPN 1 Enrekang. Besides, the research also test the influence of Islamic Religious Education teacher leadership on students' learning interest in class VIII of SMPN 1 Enrekang. Furthermore, it test the influence of Islamic Religious Education teacher leadership on students' motivation and interest in learning in class VIII of SMPN 1 Enrekang. Thus, there is an influence of the leadership of Islamic Religious Education teachers on the learning interest of students in class VIII of SMPN 1 Enrekang.

Abstrack: The purpose of this study is to determine the implementation of emotional and spiritual quotient in learning Islamic religious education at SMA Negeri 20 Pangkep. This type of research is descriptive qualitative with a phenomenological and pedagogical-psychological approach. The location of this research is SMA Negeri 20 Pangkep in class X. The data source is the primary data of all Islamic religious education teachers, while the secondary data is RPP documents related to the object under study. Data obtained through observation, interviews and documentation, then data processing using the Milles and Huberman model (data reduction, data presentation and conclusion) with analysis using triangulation to ensure data validity against the focus under study. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of emotional and spiritual quotient in Islamic religious education learning at SMA Negeri 20 Pangkep is an Islamic religious education learning activity in which several emotional and spiritual quotient indicators are integrated, including; managing self-emotion, empathy, building relationships (relations), meaning and high self-awareness. This concept is combined by the Islamic religious education teacher at SMA Negeri 20 Pangkep in implementing Emotional and Spiritual quotient.

This article discusses the implementation of the problem based learning outcomes model in Islamic religious education learning at Senior High School (SMA) Negeri 2 Kalukku, Mamuju. The results showed that the Problem Based Learning model in Islamic Religious Education learning at SMA Negeri 2 Kalukku, Mamuju Regency, was as follows: Planning the Problem Based Learning model in Islamic Religious Education learning was guided by the syllabus, lesson plans, learning objectives, learning methods and media, learning tools and resources which are an integral part that cannot be separated from all learning planning stages. Implementation of Problem Based Learning models, has met the standard Problem Based Learning model, educators have taken steps to learn by using the Problem Based Learning model in the field of study of Islamic Religious Education, and Assessment of learning outcomes consisting of attitude and knowledge assessment has been carried out well, but in terms of skills assessment it has not been able to be fulfilled properly.

This article discusses the principal teachings of Khalwatiah Syekh Yusuf tariqah in South Sulawesi. This tariqah is one of the leading tariqahs in the region since its emergence in the seventeenth century. Khalwatiah Syekh Yusuf has influenced the Muslim's understanding concerning sufism issues. The researcher employs qualitative as a method of research. The research suggests that Khalwatiah Syekh Yusuf is the integration of different tariqahs which were obtained by Syekh Yusuf during his intellectual journey. The principal teachings of Khalwatiah Syekh Yusuf can be drawn into three elements. They are the concept of inner purity, the understanding of God, and the meaning of insan kamil. These three principal teachings become the foundation of this tariqah as well as become it’s characteristic. Although Syekh Yusuf studied from different Sufis, especially from Ibnu Arabi’s thought, this tariqah is strongly associated with Asyariyah theology that led to this tariqah be a moderate tariqah.

This study aims to explain the description of the principal's leadership management in improving the spiritual intelligence of students at SMK YP-PGRI I Makassar and to explain the impact of the principal's leadership management in improving the spiritual intelligence of students at SMK YP-PGRI I Makassar. The type of research used in this research is qualitative. The results showed that the principal was able to manage all school resources, including Educators, Education Personnel, Students, infrastructure, finance, administration, planning of learning programs, programs of religious activities (spiritual activities), and others. other. Planning of school learning programs through structured scheduling by the Deputy Head of Curriculum with the involvement of the Principal and Educators in the preparation. The Principal of SMK YP-PGRI I Makassar seeks to organize educators and education staff through the division of tasks to each educator and education staff based on their potential and educational background, namely the distribution of task decrees in the hope that educators and education staff can work according to their job descriptions each.

This study re-scritinizes Patuntung as a religious category. The aim is to see the various reasons why Patuntung is called religion and to re-examine the basic assumptions of these reasons. The method used in this research is critical discourse analysis which refers to the Foucauldian genealogy theory. As a result, it was found that the Patuntung religion was a new invention from Dutch Christian missionaries in the colony which was later affirmed by Indonesian scholars in the context of Islam later. In addition, there is a construction bias towards Patuntung religion, both world religions (especially Christianity and Islam) and euro-centric bias. Thus, the term religion attached to Patuntung itself is ambiguous.

Understanding Judaism must be able to distinguish between two things, namely Judaism as a nation and Judaism as a religion. Jews as a nation known as a nation that is superior or superior to race or nation the other. This is not without reason and cause, the long journey of the Jews and the forgings of life that make them strong. The expulsion that occurs constantly being made the nation's Jews be spread in the whole world, the road to be able to still survive life is to have the skill and certainly intelligence to think. Intelligence that they have formed from the intake of food that has been observed since the age of the womb. The food that is consumed is always observed in many cases.

The topic of the writing is Islam and Jihad. The main focuses of this writing is how the concept of “Jihad” understood by the West, which is labeled as “Radical Islamist” on the base of the action of the radical Islamic groups, while Islam undermines tolerance and peace? The methodology of this writing is descriptive analyzes of the concept of Islam and jihad. It found that the idea of jihad has multiple meanings in Islam which is not confined to holy war. It is lesser jihad which is considered as holy war. However, holy war in Islam does not refer to military aggression as understood within the Christian tradition. The values of peace and tolerance are emphasized as Islam is very concerned with the sanctity of human life, justice and humanity. In addition, the history of Islam has shown that in the classical era Muslims could coexist with non-Muslims in harmony and peace. It is clear that Islam is deeply concerned with peace and tolerance such as Silm, assalamu alaikum etc. Jihad has been misunderstood and distorted in the west and among Muslim radicals as it tends to be associated with Muslim aggression, holy war, violence, and terrorism.

This study aims at determining the performance of religious education teachers in Aliyah Madrasas on Nunukan Island, North Kalimantan, and increasing the role of performance of religious education teachers in carrying out their duties to Aliyah Madrasas on Nunukan Island, North Kalimantan. This type of research is qualitative research located on Nunukan Island, North Kalimantan. Methods of data collection are carried out using observation, interview and documentation techniques. Data analysis carried out was data reduction, data presentation and data verification. Then the data validity is tested by observation and triangulation.The results showed that performance of religious education teachers in the Aliyah Madrasah on Nunukan Island in North Kalimantan is relatively good. However, it still needs to be improved, especially in terms of discipline, ability in the preparation of components of learning devices, as well as the ability to use learning media. 2) Teacher education strategies to improve their performance by conducting continuous evaluations, supervising and evaluating administration, 3) Supporting factors for the performance of religious education teachers, namely a conducive learning atmosphere, harmonious relationships, the ability of the headmaster to motivate teachers. While the inhibiting factors are the lack of facilities and infrastructure needed by religious education teachers, small and minimal income.

This article discusses how Pierre Bourdieu's viewpoint on violence ontology and its relevance to violence phenomenon toward Indonesia's society. According to Pierre that violence is form of domination to the human itself taking place subtly and not realizing that has become a form of habit in human life. Within the context of Indonesian, it can be involving violence between religious society in this country, or it can be specified over again into the society who embraces Islam. A new violence is actually a practice of domination conducted by the parties who think they are the only one true and majority in order to perpetuate the truth dominance of religion. In other words, the violence can only be understood as a form of domination to the other religions teachings, especially for the teaching or religion categorized as a minority religion or belief-in this case of Muslim and non-Muslim community.