International Journal of Emerging Research in Engineering Science and Management

During lockdown and consequent pandemic, many organizations reduced their production, and few shut their operations. Some organizations continued their regular production. Apart from Pharma, very few organizations raised their production and raised their sales. Amul, a dairy products company is the one which in addition to raising production and sales, established an emotional and social connection with their clients. The advantage of essential commodity category and milk production aided its success during the pandemic. In this paper, the marketing strategy of Amul is review as backbone of their success being the advertising strategy.

This article will help to understand the Operational Plan details related information and it will help people to make their knowledge grow. The Strategic Plan defines the idea and procedure of strategic planning and goes some way to explaining how it first appeared in the workplace in the 1960s before being adopted by library and information services in the 1970s with help from trade organizations and governmental organizations that supported the development of best practices. Will describe ground-breaking work on the subject, define basic planning stages, and list the advantages of strategic planning for libraries. With annotations, it enables us to understand scholarly works as well as read suggestions. The Annual Operational Plan of the Library of any educational institution corresponds to the current year. The strategic and operational objectives will be aimed at reinforcing the weak points and carrying out the necessary improvements to provide quality and excellent service. The Annual Operating Plan Development (AOPD) can carry out the following actions: take into account the strategic plan of the institute; select, analyze, and present proposals for actions for the current year, within the strategic lines; and general and operational objectives of the strategic plan. Institute offers excellent services that meet the needs of research and contribute to the dissemination of scientific production of the institute. People and organization: guarantee the professionalism of all library staff and propose an efficient training plan and permanent professional updating in an optimal working environment. The plan will be monitored by the Strategic Plan Group, which may propose the necessary adjustments.

Air India, the prestige of Tatas has the history dates to 1930s. The Air India was founded about 90 years ago as Tata Airlines and first ride was taken by the founder himself, J. R. D. Tata from Karachi to Bombay. The journey of Air India is an emotional rather than commercial. The Air India was nationalized by Government of India decades ago, but its progress under national entity is limited only for few decades. When the private carriers came into the field, and because of maintenance with respect to operations and human resource, the Air India was treated to be not only a company with loss, but also as a burdened national entity. In the process of disinvestment by Government of India, the Air India has arrived back at the Tata’s group. In this paper, a case study of Air India was presented covering all major milestones and inferences are presented.

Employee involvement and empowerment are two deep factors that affect the daily performance of the organization; however, both these aspects of involvement and empowerment are highly influenced by the organizational culture prevalent. The organizational culture thus, has a greater role in the level of involvement and empowerment. Organizational culture is the way the organization works its planning and strategizing, which further provides an impetus for the employees to stay. Culture does play a pivotal role in the organization. Employee involvement is the level of interest shown by the employee to accomplish the overall strategy of the organization whereas employee empowerment is the level of freedom towards the decision-making employees are allowed to make. This research paper is basically an assessment towards analyzing these factors in-depth. The outcome of the research shows tremendous influence of organization culture in employee empowerment and employee involvement.

On August 15, 1947, British paramountcy had left India with many wonders including railway which also called ‘veins of our country’ spread across every length and breadth of country. Indian Railways (IR) were being constantly criticized, as the discharges from toilets was laid on the tracks and this leads to environmental hazard. The toilet system in Indian Railways works in such a manner that the human faces and urine gets directly flushed on railway tracks through the hole on the floor of IR coaches. In current scenario, to deal with this issue, different systems like Controlled Discharge Toilet System (CDTS), Bio-toilet developed by IR engineers and DRDO biotechnologists, and Zero Discharge Toilet System (ZDTS) are extensively used. In this paper, a model of flush to energy is presented. The Bio-toilet system focuses on conversion of the toilet waste and biodegradable waste from station into energy which can be used for different purposes.

Secret voting in democratic countries using computational intelligence and Blockchain Technology, the vote is a fundamental right in democracy to elect people’s representatives at various levels. Manual voting is tedious and error prone. E-voting systems replaced the manual voting systems to overcome illegal voting and malpractices. Due to growing cybercrimes, the existing e-voting systems are not ideal and face many challenges like authentication, privacy, data integrity, etc. This paper presents computational intelligence and Blockchain technology in developing secret e-voting systems. This paper addresses various issues not addressed by traditional and e-voting systems and proposes new voting using computational intelligence techniques and blockchain technology.

This case study describes the glorious entry of OnePlus into the mobile industry which was already flooded with multiple smartphone players. OnePlus was established as a leading smartphone player by adopting technological and marketing strategies. To compete in the existing market, OnePlus must outperform the competition by exploring the gaps in the mobile industry. OnePlus came into existence at a time when it was widely agreed that no Android phone could compete with Apple phones in terms of quality. But OnePlus has achieved the most impetus in the Rs.30,000 to Rs.50,000 price range. In a very short time frame of four years, OnePlus became the number one smartphone brand in the Indian premium smartphone segment. This case study is based on secondary data which focuses on marketing strategies adopted by the company to enrichment of sales in the Indian smartphone market.

Global economic activity is driven by business. The significant transformation in how firms across industries, inside and outside the digital economy, develop, produce, and market their goods and services is a result of the expanding use of digital technology. The major goal of this article is to identify the various digital platforms used in business development in Chennai and to assess the challenges experienced by businesspeople in implementing these platforms. Numerous businesses in Chennai cater to both locals and tourists, including clothing stores, digital marketing agencies, IT service providers, and others. 200 businesspeople from those five firms are chosen as the sample unit and size of this study utilizing a practical random method. The entire focus of this study work is description. Primary data is gathered via a well-designed questionnaire that is divided into three sections: demographics of the respondents, use of digital platforms, and issues experienced by businesspeople in Chennai City with digital platforms. Annual reports, journals, periodicals, books, and newspapers are used to gather secondary data. The gathered data were analyzed using percentage analysis, the weighted average method, and the Kruskal-Wallis test. The study’s conclusions showed a strong correlation between businesspeople’s investments and the extent to which they use digital platforms for their operations.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the primary cause of mortality worldwide and continues to exhibit an alarming upward trend. Detecting CVD efficiently and accurately in large populations has become an urgent necessity. The proposed framework aims to detect and classify five major cardiovascular disorders in the heart, including Heart Attack, Heart Failure, Heart Valve disease, pericardial disease, and vascular disease (Blood Vessel Disease). Developed within the Matlab environment, the system will undergo comprehensive simulation to ensure its effectiveness. To evaluate the system’s performance, a two-pronged approach will be employed: psycho-visual and parametric analysis. Through psycho-visual analysis, human experts will visually assess the system’s outputs, offering qualitative insights into its accuracy and reliability. Meanwhile, parametric analysis will utilize objective metrics to quantitatively measure the system’s efficiency in detecting and categorizing the cardiovascular conditions. The successful implementation of this proposed system holds promise for early and precise identification of cardiovascular disorders, facilitating timely medical interventions and improving patient outcomes. By incorporating both subjective and objective evaluations, this research seeks to develop a robust and efficient tool for cardiovascular disease screening, ultimately contributing to enhanced healthcare and reduced disease burden.

Global increase in social problems both reflect and contribute to national and international tensions. The social vices problem is a key concern in many developing countries, where many types of vices are not known. It has worsened into a current global issue which represents human undesirable side of social growth. This undesirable fact is an unfortunate and has developed many security encounters facing the modern society. In this paper, some contemporary social vices have been discussed in the light of their causes, consequences, and possible counselling remedies. This paper argues that examination malpractice, drug abuse, child abuse, domestic violence and political thuggery among other contemporary social vices have created havoc and have contributed greatly to the slow pace in Nigeria. The major causes which include unemployment, poverty, peer influence, students’ poor reading habit, quick success syndrome and lack of marital counselling with their effects were discussed. It has been established in the course of this study that the problem of social vices, is a symptom of society which is embroiled in moral decadence. Realizing the havoc which social vices have wrecked on individuals and the society at large, all hands must be on deck to combat the menace. However, to curb this menace, possible counselling remedies like Rational Emotive Therapy, Client-Centred therapy, Gestalt Therapy, Group Therapy, and family therapy were proffered to serve as a panacea which will stem the tide of social vices and foster rapid development. It was recommended that government and stakeholders should collaborate and ensure pre-marital counselling, marital counselling, drug abuse counselling, crisis counselling, sex counselling, counselling with families concerning children, vocational/career counselling, educational counselling as well as counselling delinquents are emphasized and recommended to curb the menace so as to promote individual, social, political, moral, educational and economic development.

In this paper dynamic crosstalk is analyzed for coupled on-chip VLSI interconnects in different conditions. The proposed work has taken the MOS transistor analytical expressions. In this work, calculated the transition delays and different timings of the interconnect aggressor and interconnect victim drivers for in-phase switching and out-of-phase switching. All the calculated results are compared with simulations in SPICE. The average error in the transmission delay using SPICE is 2.02 and 3.274% for the interconnect aggressor and interconnect victim buffers for in phase switching, respectively. The average errors in the same are 2.3 and 1.87% for out phase switching event.

This paper focuses on evaluating the secrecy performance of a downlink land mobile satellite (LMS) system. The system faces the challenge of providing secure communication between a satellite and a legitimate user while an eavesdropper is present on the ground. Additionally, co-channel interference signals at the user's destination are considered. To address these issues, the study proposes a novel approach that utilizes Shadowed-Rician fading channels for satellite links and Nakagami-m fading for interfering terrestrial links. The main objective is to enhance the physical layer security of Interference-Limited Land Mobile Satellite Communication Systems. The approach incorporates advanced signal processing, beamforming, and artificial noise techniques to effectively manage interference. Encryption, authentication mechanisms, and intelligent power control strategies are implemented to protect transmitted data and optimize signal strength while reducing the risk of interception by potential eavesdroppers. Through comprehensive simulations, the proposed approach is thoroughly evaluated, demonstrating its effectiveness in achieving improved secrecy performance and increased resilience against security threats. The findings highlight the potential for its application in secure satellite communication systems operating in interference-constrained environments.

As technology extended from deep sub-micron technology to nanometer regimes, the conventional copper (Cu) wire will not be able to continue. Now a substitute approaches such as Carbon Nano Tube (CNT) interconnects have been suggested to ignore the problems associated with global interconnects. Hence in this work, crosstalk analysis of Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) buffer-driven of different interconnects have been analyzed for peak overshoot and overshoot width of Cu and CNTs for 16nm technology. For analyzing peak overshoot, the interconnect lengths are varied from 100um to 500um in 16 technology node for Cu, single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT). The values of the peak overshoot and overshoot width changes, as the interconnect length increases, the peak overshoot and width is going to be increases. As Compared to Cu, SWCNT and MWCNT, the peak overshoot and width for SWCNT is lesser than copper and MWCNT. The MWCNT interconnect is less than that of conventional Copper interconnects.

Fake currency is a critical factor affecting economies worldwide, including India. In this paper, a novel and structurally efficient approach for detecting and identifying duplication in currency notes is presented using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). The system employs image processing algorithms to extract essential features such as security thread, intaglio printing (RBI logo), and identification mark, which serve as security measures for Indian currency. To identify fake portions in the currency notes and make informed decisions about their authenticity, the matching scores from all fake detection modules are fused together. A crucial aspect of the work lies in comparing the extracted features from various currency notes, enabling us to differentiate between fake and genuine notes effectively. To assess the performance, mean square error is employed as a metric for comparison between two images. A database is build containing authentic Indian notes of different denominations, extract their features, convert them into binary equivalents, and then calculate their mean square error. The proposed Fake Note Detection System takes a test currency note image, performs preprocessing operations to eliminate noise and negative artifacts, and then proceeds with the detection process. The system offers a promising solution to combat counterfeit currency issues and safeguard the integrity of the Indian economy.

The purpose of this research is to assess the role of transformative leadership on perceptions of faculty members towards the workplace. Workplace perceptions refer to how individuals feel, believe, and behave in various aspects of their work, environment, and colleagues. This study seeks to differentiate the perceptions of faculty members working in private and government institutions/colleges in the Ghaziabad District, Uttar Pradesh. Satisfaction at the workplace and commitment towards the workplace are the two variables considered for the study. This study is based on survey data from 160 faculty members using the Likert Scale. A chi-square test was used to test the effect of transformational leadership on workplace perceptions. The correlation coefficient is used to explore the association between perceptions of faculty members. Responses were collected through subjective sampling and analysis. In line with prior research, transformative leadership is found to have a significant impact on satisfaction and commitment toward the workplace. It is revealed in this study, that transformative leadership (TL) has a significant effect on the perception of the workplace of faculty members working in both Private and Government Institutes. The study also examined the correlation between the faculty members of private and government institutes and presented an adverse association between the two. The results cannot be generalized to other parts of the state/country and elsewhere as they are limited to a specific region only due to different policies and mindsets of the employees that differ from place to place.

Agriculture has a good stake in the world’s GDP. In many countries, agriculture and allied sectors have a good stake in national GDP. This paper covers details related to livestock since 1960s. The workforce has managed livestock for many decades. The workforce increases as the number of animals increases; it is an energy, time-consuming, and economically costly approach. Apart from it, there is no assurance about animal welfare in case of diseases, breeding, and feed intake issues. In the 21st century of digitalization, technology has a key role in improving overall monitoring, controlling, and processing in livestock management. This paper has gone thoroughly into the manual and automated livestock farm management, aiming welfare of animals, livestock products, consumers’ benefit, and sustainable environmental approaches.

IKEA was formed in a remote corner of Sweden, where it was difficult to contact potential clients in larger towns. Is currently serving over 775 million clients worldwide and has a presence in 35 countries IKEA is the best illustration of phygital transformation having the combination of Physical plus digital, i.e., merging digital experiences with physical ones. Technology is a requirement of the twenty-first century. IKEA has established a physical and digital presence using technology. IKEA mixes AR (Augmented Reality) and VR (Virtual Reality), which is a fundamental cause of the company’s success. This is the case study with a strong emphasis on sustainability development with the emerging phygital transmission of IKEA. The entire research is based on secondary data.

This research looked at the outcome of Study Skill Training (SST) on senior secondary school students study habits. A Quasi-experimental design was employed for the study in form of pretest-posttest control group. The sample size were students identified with poor study habits students and were assigned to treatment and one control group. The treatment group was treated using Study Skills Training counselling technique. An instrument developed by Bakare was adapted and used in collecting the data from the respondents before and after treatment. The collected data was analyzed by simple frequency and percentage for answering the research question followed by t-test for independent samples for testing all the hypotheses. The findings revealed that the prevalence of study habit among secondary and senior secondary school students in Municipal Zonal Education Directorate, Kano State was poor at 85%, the finding also exposed that study skills training technique had significant effect in reducing poor study habits among the respondents (P 0.00 ≤ 0.05), the finding also revealed that there was insignificant difference in post-test mean score between male and female with school students (P .109 ≥ .0.05).

The Indian Systems of Medicine and Homoeopathy include Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, and Homoeopathy in addition to practices like Yoga and Naturopathy. While some of these systems are indigenous, others have over time assimilated into Indian society. The Indian system of medicine has established its value in treating several diseases that Allopathy is vying to treat. The Indian medical system has a long history that is significantly older than the current Allopathy, which begs the question of whether affection is necessary. The oldest and most effective kind of traditional Indian treatment is Ayurveda. India has one of the world's oldest medical systems. The term for it is Ayurvedic medicine (Ayurveda). Ayurveda is the science of life since in Sanskrit, Ayur means "life" and Veda means "science" or "knowledge." These include Homoeopathy, Natural Therapeutics, Yoga, Siddha, and Unani. Homoeopathy arrived in India in the 18th century, but it quickly got fully integrated into Indian culture and enriched like any other system, making it a part of Indian medical systems today. Homoeopathy and the Indian System of Treatment are preferred by most Indians for their healthcare practices over allopathic medicine because of cost-benefit analysis. The Indian System of Medicine and Homeopathy in India are hence the main topics of this research paper's overview.

Medicines are substances that are used to treat, identify, and prevent disease and illness. The ancient civilization of India fostered the growth of numerous medical systems. India offers both the allopathic medical system and the traditional Indian medical system. In addition to one type of allopathy, India has five distinct traditional medicinal systems in use: Siddha, Ayurveda, Unani, Homeopathy, and Naturopathy. In developing countries, traditional medicine is becoming increasingly popular, especially in rural areas. Ayurveda, which translates as "the science of life," is a holistic medical strategy that emphasizes keeping one's body, mind, and spirit in good shape. The three doshas (constitutional types) are the basis of ayurvedic doctrine, and the patient's constitution is more heavily considered during diagnosis and treatment. Astrology and incantation are also used in Siddha medicine. Tamil Nadu, India's most southern state, uses it the most commonly. In addition to mineral or metallic medications, adjuvants (like honey, ghee, milk, betel leaf juice, and hot water) are frequently administered. Clean air, food, water, physical movement and rest, psychological movement and rest, sleep and alertness, and the retention of beneficial materials and outflow of waste materials from the body are the six elements of illness prevention and health promotion. With origins in the Reformation, homoeopathy in Germany enjoyed a golden age in the 17th and 18th centuries. In 1995, the Department of Homeopathy and Indian Systems of Medicine was established. One of the objectives of the organization is to develop standards for Ayurvedic, Unani, Siddha, and homoeopathic medicines. Folk knowledge about the traditional application of herbal remedies is very prevalent in ethnic cultures. People become physically and psychologically weaker when they don't take their medication, which makes them more susceptible to contracting new ailments. In addition to allopathy, India has five additional traditional medical systems. Among these are Siddha, Ayurveda, Unani, Homeopathy, and Naturopathy.

In this paper, an enhancement scheme on underwater images is proposed. Underwater images undergo efforts like scattering and attenuation. Many techniques are proposed for underwater image and enhancement that largely depends on the features and characteristics of light. The characterization of light signal is complex and the underlying system that depends on light will lead to additional complexities. In the proposed scheme, image fusion is done by blending two images that are generated from a single underwater image. The first image is pre-processed by white balancing and Gamma correction. The second image is pre-processed by white balancing and sharpening. White balancing by colour channels gives better enhancement both specially and temporally. The white balancing followed by Gama correction and sharpening highlights a regular underwater image in all geo-spatial locations. The multi-scale fusion of Gama corrected and sharpened image produces an enhanced underwater image. Simulations are carried on large number of underwater images and it was established that the proposed scheme out performs state-of-the-art techniques.

India is known around the world for its diverse civilizations and mystical rituals. Scholars and philosophers of the time formed a century-old tradition in the depths of this culture. Despite a long history of being viewed as unscientific, scientists and doctors are now aware of the benefits of traditional Indian health care. Many investigations on traditional medicine and its apparently magical qualities in the treatment of terminal diseases are currently being done. Home remedies are used all around the world, but they are recognized as science in India only. Two traditional Indian medicinal traditions: Ayurveda and Siddha are progressively gaining traction in the global healthcare business. In this article, some of India's most odd and effective medicinal practices, as well as the benefits of each therapy will be reviewed. Throughout history, traditional medicines were the only source of primary healthcare, and they made a substantial contribution. Knowledge of how to use medicinal plants to treat various ailments was highly valued by ancient cultures. Until the mid-nineteenth century, plants were the principal therapeutic agents used by humans, and they continue to play an important role in pharmaceutical formulations. Traditional medicine is used by around 80 percent of people in undeveloped countries for their primary health care needs because of its low prices, effectiveness, frequently restricted availability of modern medicine, and cultural and religious preferences. Plant research in the traditional system of medicine is becoming increasingly significant in the development of global healthcare and conservation efforts. Traditional medicine systems are being used to uncover biologically active chemicals that are useful to the pharmaceutical industry. To this end, as much information possible is presented about these areas in this article. There are a number of geographically specific traditional health behaviors and are well reviewed in this paper.

Gold is one of the valuable metals and an important asset class for investors. People in India are emotionally attached to gold. Thousands of tonnes of idle gold are lying with Indian temples, trusts, and individuals. Investors consider capital appreciation; interest income and safety are major factors that influence buying of gold. India is one of the biggest importers of gold every year. The government of India has introduced a few gold-related schemes to reduce gold imports. Sovereign gold bond scheme and Revamped gold deposit scheme are introduced in the year 2015 under the Swarna Bharath initiative. The present study is an attempt to find the association between awareness of investors and demographic factors towards gold ETFs, gold bonds, and gold deposits. The results reveal that there is a significant association at a 5% significance level between awareness of investors and all demographic factors used in the study except the gender of the respondent.

Images captured underwater usually suffer from color distortion, detail blurring, low contrast, and a bluish or greenish tone due to light scattering and absorption in the underwater medium, which in turn affects the visibility adversely. Underwater image processing schemes are broadly categorized into two groups, restoration methods and enhancement methods. The approach of restoration methods is to assume the effects of underwater environment as degradation but in enhancement, this environment is assumed to be natural and tries to enhance the visual information to next extent. Restoration schemes are proved to give better performance than enhancement schemes. These restoration schemes are further classified as optical imaging methods, polarization methods and prior knowledge methods. The key problems faced by these schemes are excessive optimization parameters, difficulty of recognizing artificial lighting, adapting to multi-scatter scenario, red artifacts and over exposure. A large number of schemes are proposed in the literature under these categories and most of them suffer from one or more of the above-mentioned issues. In this paper, a rapid and effective scene depth estimation model will be proposed based on underwater light attenuation prior for underwater images and train the model coefficients with learning-based supervised linear regression. With the correct depth map, the background light and transmission maps for R-G-B light are easily estimated to recover the true scene radiance under the water.

Ayurveda, or conventional Indian medicine, emphasizes the importance of choosing a naturally comprehensive approach to maintaining one's bodily and mental well-being. It's not a diet for people looking for an escape or an excuse to keep abusing their bodies or minds. It is well known that Ayurvedic herbs are completely safe, have a unique flavor and aroma, and serve as the best mechanism for preserving a healthy balance between the mind and body. They are non-toxic and safe by nature because they are self-sufficient and nutritious. Antiseptics are frequently used and have excellent therapeutic benefits. Several herbs, including ginger, chamomile, cardamom, peppermint, coriander, and basil, help the body's blood circulation in a healthy way. The interaction between a person's personality, mental, emotional, and spiritual process determines whether they are ill or well. Ayurveda is a traditional medical system from India that promotes healthy food and active lifestyles. The tips in this article can help to adapt oneself to the surroundings. Aloe, ginger, tulsi, pepper, elaichi, and turmeric are all used in Ayurvedic natural remedies. The economic worth of Ayurvedic medicine is at an all-time high. The rise of a full-rate vital generation poses a serious challenge to contemporary life. According to the WHO, 36 million of the 57 million fatal cases reported globally in 2008 were caused by illnesses other than infections. This research has proved the value of therapeutic herbs to people in poor nations. The two biggest risks to therapeutic plants are the loss of Ayurveda and misuse of recognized species. Indigenous methods and expertise have been utilized to gather, utilize, and manage them for a very long time.