Géocarrefour

Les complémentarités de l'offre de transport aérien dans la région du grand Sud-Est et les possibilités de coordination qu'elles suggèrent entre les quatre aéroports principaux de Lyon, Marseille, Nice et Montpellier sont examinées. Les complémentarités des dessertes concernent peu les acteurs : les autorités aéroportuaires se situent dans une logique de concurrence, les compagnies ne raisonnent en termes de complémentarité que lorsqu'elles conservent la maîtrise de la clientèle et l'administration reste prête à favoriser tous les investissements, y compris dans les petits aéroports au risque d'affaiblir les aéroports régionaux. L'Europe a souhaité se doter d'un système de régulation fondé sur la concurrence. Il n'est pas étonnant que les territoires concernés deviennent un terrain sur lequel des stratégies autonomes s'affrontent et il n'est pas prouvé que ce soit au détriment des usagers.

Une recherche réalisée dans le cadre du PRUD sur l�expertise étrangère et locale au Viet-Nam apporte des éléments de réflexion a la problématique générale retenue dans ce numéro spécial. après un rapide état des lieux sur les consultants internationaux intervenant au Viet-Nam dans les infrastructures et les services urbains, on présentera l�expertise �locale�, récente mais hétérogène dans ce domaine pour s�interroger sur leurs relations, les transferts de savoir-faire et d�idées susceptibles de s�opérer au cours des missions des consultants étrangers. on terminera sur le thème récurrent de �modèles� exportes par l�expertise étrangère. Research undertaken by french and vietnamese teams on the role of foreign and local consultants on urban developments in hanoi and ho chi minh city provides a number of general insights on this theme. following an overview of the role of foreign consultants working on urban infrastructures and services in vietnam, the position of local experts is considered; their presence is much more recent and heterogeneous in character. the aim is to analyse the relationships between the two groups and the transfer of know-how and experience. the article ends by looking at the recurrent theme of the appropriateness of the �models� exported by foreign consultants.

The use of old cartographic documents is an essential part of studying the past transformation of space. Amongst such documents, in the case of Lyon, the land register dating from the beginning of the 19th century is the first to show a complete picture of land sub-divisions and the built-up area. However, such a document needs to be reworked and critically evaluated if full use of it is to be made. The transformation from manuscript form, a drawing on paper to an immaterial representation (vectors) raises various methodological questions. This article considers the original document, the way in which it has been transformed and the end-product that can be used for future study.

Open access / libre accès http://geocarrefour.revues.org/7455

In France, information on agriculture is gathered through an exhaustive census carried out every ten years on all farm estates. The first modern census undertaken in 1955 allows geographers to define French agriculture at a key time for the European economy. As such, it could be considered as a model for French statistics, in particular for the organization of the four later censuses. It also used for the first time an original administrative scale, the “agricultural region”. But despite much progress, it would be unrealistic for geographers to see this census as an unchanging model. In fact, the structure of the census has changed over time, and administrative units have been altered. The first Census of Agriculture should be used rather as a comparative model.

The urban planning process involves increasing debates, controversies and conflicts among actors from the public sphere, the private sector, and civil society. How have relations of association and opposition evolved among these classes of actors during the last forty years ? Statistical analyses of these relations are performed using data on more than 2 000 conflicts that took place in the Quebec Metropolitan Area (QMA) between 1965 and 2000. Certain results partly support the thesis of a democratisation of processes of territorial regulation, while others give credence to the opposite thesis which emphasises the instrumentality of citizens’ participation, and still others sketch a geography of coalitions and oppositions among urban actors.

It is almost 10 years since the UK government published Towards an Urban Renaissance. This paper assesses the extent to which a turnaround in the fortunes of English cities has occurred in recent years, using population estimates for 1981-2006. Population change rates are compared over time for 56 cities defined on the principle of built-up urban area and for a 10-fold classification of England based on settlement size and regional location. In aggregate, urban England is found to have achieved a steady acceleration in growth over the 25-year period, but since the early 1990s this has merely been tracking the national trend with no diminution in the growth-rate gap with the faster growing towns and rural areas. Also, a major contrast exists between London and the principal regional centres.

The article presents socio-demographic changes in the old centre of Barcelona (or district of “Ciutat Vella”) between 1991 and 2005. By adopting simultaneously quantitative (multivariate statistical analyses) and qualitative (semi-structured interviews) methods, it highlights the multiplicity of the processes at work, ranging from gentrification, to de-gentrification and marginalisation. The lack of attractiveness of the district for the middle class, despite the efforts of the Barcelona municipality, and increasing foreign immigration explain the current situation. They make it possible to question the policy of rehabilitation since the democratic transition.

The Natura 2000 network results from two European Directives aiming at biodiversity conservation in Europe. It became one of the instruments for implementing sustainable development in the European Union. The Natura 2000 network can be regarded as a tool for integrative management of rural areas because (1) it gives a common scientific framework to EU countries to design and implement an innovative policy for biodiversity conservation in and out of protected areas stricto sensu, and (2) it allows society/environment interactions in local and regional development to be better taken into account.