255 reads in the past 30 days
Characterization of varietal effects on the acidity and pH of grape berries for selection of varieties better adapted to climate changeOctober 2024
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263 Reads
Published by Frontiers
Online ISSN: 1664-462X
Disciplines: Plant sciences
255 reads in the past 30 days
Characterization of varietal effects on the acidity and pH of grape berries for selection of varieties better adapted to climate changeOctober 2024
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263 Reads
193 reads in the past 30 days
Crop root system plasticity for improved yields in saline soilsFebruary 2023
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765 Reads
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38 Citations
150 reads in the past 30 days
Development of a model for Colletotrichum diseases with calibration for phylogenetic clades on different host plantsMarch 2023
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650 Reads
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12 Citations
141 reads in the past 30 days
Speciation and evolution of growth form in Adesmia D. C. (Dalbergieae, Fabaceae): the relevance of Andean uplift and aridificationOctober 2024
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144 Reads
136 reads in the past 30 days
SSR marker based analysis for identification and of genetic diversity of non-heading Chinese cabbage varietiesFebruary 2023
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410 Reads
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16 Citations
Frontiers in Plant Science is a leading, multidisciplinary journal that seeks to advance our understanding of fundamental processes in plant biology.
Led by Field Chief Editor Prof. Chun-Ming Liu (Peking University, China) and indexed in PubMed, PubMed Central, and Scopus, among others, the journal seeks original and significant contributions that cultivate plant biology and its applications. The journal has the long-term goal of supporting sustainable development, food security, functional ecosystems, biotechnology (including biofuels and biomaterials), and human health.
Frontiers in Plant Science welcomes Original Research, Review, Opinion, and Perspective articles, among other submission types, covering the journal’s specialty sections:
Furthermore, the journal welcomes submissions that support and advance the UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), notably SDG 13: climate action and SDG 15: life on land.
Frontiers in Plant Science is committed to advancing developments in the field of plant biology by allowing unrestricted access to articles and communicating scientific knowledge to researchers and the public alike, to enable the scientific breakthroughs of the future.
Requirements
Manuscripts that focus on non-plant-related microbiology, human or animal genetics, and medical and pharmacological research are not suitable for publication in this journal. Pure field agriculture studies such as those focusing on fertilizer application or yield optimization, without relevance to plant science, are also not within the scope of this journal.
Studies falling into the categories below will not be considered for review in this journal unless they are expanded and provide insight into the biological process being studied: i) Descriptive collections of transcripts, proteins, or metabolites, including comparative sets as a result of different conditions or treatments;
ii) Descriptive studies that define gene families using pure phylogenetics and the assignment of cursory functional attributions (e.g. expression profiles, promoter analysis, and bioinformatic parameters).
Quantitative analysis needs to be performed on a minimum of three biological replicates in order to enable an assessment of significance. This includes quantitative omics studies (transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics) as well as phenotypic measurements, quantitative assays, and qPCR expression analysis. Studies that do not comply with these replication requirements will not be considered for review.
Studies using transgenic or mutant lines (plants and algae), for example, T-DNA, transposon, RNAi, CRISPR/Cas9, chemically induced, overexpressors and reporter fusions (GUS, GFPs, LUC), should be based on data from multiple alleles (minimum of two) displaying a common and stable phenotype. Qualitative data can be presented from a single allele but should be indicative of observations from multiple alleles which should be explicitly stated in the text. Quantitative data should be derived from multiple alleles (at least two) and should be displayed separately for each allele (with at least three independent replications for each allele). Studies reporting single alleles may be considered acceptable when:
i) Complementation via transformation is used for confirmation;
ii) The allele has been previously characterized and published, and is representative of multiple independent lines;
iii) In situations where genetic transformation is difficult or not yet possible, alternative evidence should be presented.
Frontiers in Plant Science is member of the Committee on Publication Ethics.
November 2024
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1 Read
Letian Cai
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Yizhi Zhang
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Zhonglei Cai
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[...]
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Jiangbo Li
Introduction Soluble solids content (SSC) is an important indicator for evaluating tomato flavor, and general physical and chemical methods are time-consuming and destructive. Methods This study utilized full transmittance visible and near infrared (Vis-NIR) spectroscopy for multi-posed data acquisition of tomatoes in different orientations. The role of two directions (Z1 and Z2) and four preprocessing techniques, as well as three wavelength selection methods in the exploitation of SSC regression models was investigated. Results After using the Outlier elimination method, the spectra acquired in the Z2 direction and the raw spectral data processed by preprocessing methods gave the best result by the PLSR model ( R p = 0.877, RMSEP = 0.417 %). Compared to the model built using the full 2048 spectral wavelengths, the prediction accuracy using 20 wavelengths obtained by a combination wavelength selection: backward variable selection - partial least squares and simulated annealing (BVS-PLS and SA) was further improved ( R p = 0.912, RMSEP = 0.354 %). Discussion The findings of this research demonstrate the efficacy of full-transmission visible-near infrared (Vis-NIR) spectroscopy in forecasting SSC of tomatoes, and most importantly, the combination of the packing method in wavelength selection with an intelligent optimization algorithm provides a viable idea for accurately and rapidly assessing the SSC of tomatoes.
November 2024
Yubang Gao
Clinopodium gracile is an important medicinal herb in the Lamiaceae family. This species lacks corresponding genomic resources, which significantly limits the study of its active compound synthesis pathways, breeding practices, and assessment of natural genetic variations. We assembled the chromosomal-level genome of C. gracile using Oxford Nanopore (ONT) technology and Hi-C sequence. The assembled genome is 307.3 Mb in size and consists of 9 chromosomes. The scaffold N50 was 36.3 Mb. The BUSCO completeness (Embryophyta_db10) of the genome was 97.2%. The genome annotates 40,083 protein coding genes. C. gracile and S. miltiorrhiza diverged approximately 30.615 million years ago. C. gracile has not undergone recent species-specific WGD events. A high proportion of young LTRs indicates a recent transposable element (TE) transposition burst in C. gracile .
November 2024
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1 Read
Junzhi Chen
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Tianyuan Guan
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Zixin Yuan
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[...]
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Jinwu Wang
This study proposed a high-speed precision dual-chamber maize metering device for the dense planting pattern with standard ridge promoted in China. Through theoretical analysis of the sowing process, parameters for the key components have been designed. The metering device is capable of planting two rows in a single pass for high-speed precision seeding. The effect of operating speed and negative pressure on seed metering quality was investigated. A high-speed camera was used to capture the trajectory of maize seed at different operating speeds, and it was found that intra-row shifts were caused by collisions at the mouth of the seed guide tube and rotation of the seed as it fell. Employing a two-factor, five-level orthogonal rotation test, Investigated the optimal operating parameters for the maize metering device. Response surface analysis showed that optimum seed metering quality was achieved at 14.2 km/h and 13.5 kPa. Validation tests showed a qualified rate of 97.93%, with a coefficient variation of 8.97% for this method. Additionally, an energy consumption analysis indicated a reduction in operating energy consumption of approximately 32% compared to conventional air suction seed metering devices for dense planting with large ridges on the same area of farmland. This study provides insights for reducing energy consumption in the seeding process, contributing to the sustainable development of agricultural resources.
November 2024
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1 Read
Gultekin Hasanaliyeva
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Margherita Furiosi
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Vittorio Rossi
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Tito Caffi
Currently, fungicides are widely used to control grapevine foliar diseases. This study explored the possibility of decreasing the use of fungicides to control these diseases using cover crops in the inter-row of vineyards. In small-scale experiments, we found that cover crops (namely horseradish Armoracia rusticana ) were able to (i) reduce the numbers of airborne conidia of Botrytis cinerea (originating from an inoculum source above the soil) escaping the cover canopy by >85% with respect to the base soil and (ii) reduce the number of raindrops impacting the soil by 46%–74%, depending on the cover crop height and rain-originated splash droplets that escaped from the ground by 75%–95%, which reduced splash-borne inoculum. In two organic vineyards, for 2 years, fall- (mixture of Lolium perenne , Onobrychis viciifolia , and Trifolium repens ) or spring-sown (a mixture of Vicia sativa and Sinapis sp.) cover crops could significantly delay (by 14–30 days) and reduce (till >90%) the development of downy and powdery mildew epidemics. This effect was more evident in plots untreated with fungicides than in treated plots. Cover crops also delayed the onset of epidemics depending on the type of cover crop and disease. Cover crops did not negatively affect grape yield and quality. Overall, the results showed that the introduction of cover crops in vineyard management can significantly contribute to disease control by lowering the load from ground to grapevine canopies of pathogen inocula, delaying disease onset, and reducing diseases severity during the season.
November 2024
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4 Reads
Anandhavalli Manikandan
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Saraladevi Muthusamy
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Eu Sheng Wang
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[...]
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Selvaraju Kanagarajan
Global protein consumption is increasing exponentially, which requires efficient identification of potential, healthy, and simple protein sources to fulfil the demands. The existing sources of animal proteins are high in fat and low in fiber composition, which might cause serious health risks when consumed regularly. Moreover, protein production from animal sources can negatively affect the environment, as it often requires more energy and natural resources and contributes to greenhouse gas emissions. Thus, finding alternative plant-based protein sources becomes indispensable. Rapeseed is an important oilseed crop and the world’s third leading oil source. Rapeseed byproducts, such as seed cakes or meals, are considered the best alternative protein source after soybean owing to their promising protein profile (30%–60% crude protein) to supplement dietary requirements. After oil extraction, these rapeseed byproducts can be utilized as food for human consumption and animal feed. However, anti-nutritional factors (ANFs) like glucosinolates, phytic acid, tannins, and sinapines make them unsuitable for direct consumption. Techniques like microbial fermentation, advanced breeding, and genome editing can improve protein quality, reduce ANFs in rapeseed byproducts, and facilitate their usage in the food and feed industry. This review summarizes these approaches and offers the best bio-nutrition breakthroughs to develop nutrient-rich rapeseed byproducts as plant-based protein sources.
November 2024
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5 Reads
Songtao Yang
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Yongqi Ge
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Jing Wang
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[...]
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Li Fu
Leaf area index (LAI) of alfalfa is a crucial indicator of its growth status and a predictor of yield. The LAI of alfalfa is influenced by environmental factors, and the limitations of non-linear models in integrating these factors affect the accuracy of LAI predictions. This study explores the potential of classical non-linear models and deep learning for predicting alfalfa LAI. Initially, Logistic, Gompertz, and Richards models were developed based on growth days to assess the applicability of nonlinear models for LAI prediction of alfalfa. In contrast, this study combines environmental factors such as temperature and soil moisture, and proposes a time series prediction model based on mutation point detection method and encoder-attention-decoder BiLSTM network (TMEAD-BiLSTM). The model’s performance was analyzed and evaluated against LAI data from different years and cuts. The results indicate that the TMEAD-BiLSTM model achieved the highest prediction accuracy (R² > 0.99), while the non-linear models exhibited lower accuracy (R² > 0.78). The TMEAD-BiLSTM model overcomes the limitations of nonlinear models in integrating environmental factors, enabling rapid and accurate predictions of alfalfa LAI, which can provide valuable references for alfalfa growth monitoring and the establishment of field management practices.
November 2024
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2 Reads
Søren K. Rasmussen
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Shri Mohan Jain
November 2024
Jiawen Wu
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Qi Tao
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Muhammad Bilal Khan
November 2024
Mingxia Wang
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Ben Zhao
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Nan Jiang
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[...]
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Jiumao Cai
Rapid and non-destructive diagnosis of plant nitrogen (N) status is crucial to optimize N management during the growth of summer maize. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of continuous wavelet analysis (CWA) in estimating the nitrogen nutrition index (NNI), to determine the most suitable wavelet analysis method, and to identify the most sensitive wavelet features across the visible to near-infrared spectrum (325–1,025 nm) for accurate NNI estimation. Field experiments were conducted across two sites (Kaifeng and Weishi) during the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons using four summer maize cultivars (XD20, ZD958, DH661, and DH605) under varying N application rates (0, 80, 160, 240, and 320 kg N ha ⁻¹ ). Canopy reflectance spectra and plant samples were collected from the V6 to V12 growth stages. The wavelet features for each spectral band were calculated across different scales using the CWA method, and their relationships with NNI, plant dry matter (PDM), and plant N concentration (PNC) were analyzed using four regression models. The results showed that NNI varied from 0.61 to 1.19 across different N treatments during the V6 to V12 stages, and the Mexican Hat wavelet was identified as the most suitable mother wavelet, achieving an R ² value of 0.73 for NNI assessment. The wavelet features derived from the Mexican Hat wavelet were effective in estimating NNI, PDM, and PNC under varying N treatments, with the most sensitive wavelet features identified as 745 nm at scale 7 for NNI, 819 nm at scale 5 for PDM, and 581 nm at scale 6 for PNC using linear regression models. The direct and indirect methods for NNI estimation were compared using independent field data sets. Both methods proved valid to predict NNI in summer maize, with relative root mean square errors of 10.8% for the direct method and 13.4% for the indirect method. The wavelet feature at 745 nm, scale 7, from the direct method (NNI = 0.14 WF (745 nm, 7) + 0.3) was found to be simpler and more accurate for NNI calculation. These findings provide new insights into the application of the CWA method for precise spectral estimation of plant N status in summer maize.
November 2024
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5 Reads
Chengkun Wang
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Yonglong Li
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Guangyao Yang
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[...]
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Chunce Guo
Introduction Gelidocalamus Wen is a small yet taxonomically challenging genus within the Arundinarieae tribe. Recent molecular studies have suggested it may not be monophyletic. However, limited species sampling and insufficient molecular marker information have resulted in poorly resolved phylogenetic relationships within this genus. Methods The complete chloroplast genomes covering all 16 species and one variant of Gelidocalamus were sequenced, and comparative analyses were conducted. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using different molecular markers, including chloroplast data, the nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) repeats region, and 29 mitochondrial protein-coding genes. Additionally, the divergence times of Gelidocalamus were estimated to reveal their evolutionary history. Results The plastomes of Gelidocalamus ranged in size from 139,500 bp to 139,801 bp, with a total of 137 identified genes, including 90 protein-coding genes, 39 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. The size of the nrDNA repeats ranged from 5,802 bp to 5,804 bp. Phylogenetic analysis based on chloroplast data revealed that Gelidocalamus is polyphyletic, with different subclades distributed within the IV and V clades. However, phylogenetic analysis based on nrDNA and mitochondrial genes did not effectively resolve the relationships within the genus. Discussion Comparative analysis of chloroplast genomes indicated that Gelidocalamus shares a high degree of similarity with closely related genera in terms of chloroplast genome collinearity, codon usage bias, and repetitive sequences. Divergence time estimation suggests that it is a relatively young group, with all members appearing successively over the past four million years. The complex phylogenetic patterns may arise from the rapid radiation of Arundinarieae. This study provides a preliminary foundation for further in-depth research on the phylogeny, genomic structural features, and divergence times of this genus.
November 2024
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2 Reads
Angelo Sicilia
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Clizia Villano
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Riccardo Aversano
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[...]
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Angela Roberta Lo Piero
The grapevine ( Vitis spp., family Vitaceae ) is characterized by marked phenotypic plasticity. Its ability to withstand specific environmental conditions depends on the activation of highly coordinated responses resulting from interactions among genotypes (G) and environmental factors (E). In this study, the transcriptomes of commercially ripe berries of the Cabernet Sauvignon and Aglianico genotypes grown in open fields at three different sites in central-southern Italy (Campania, Molise and Sicily) were analyzed with RNA sequencing. These transcriptomic data were integrated with a comprehensive set of weather course indices through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). A total of 11,887 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were retrieved, most of which were associated with the Aglianico genotype. The plants from the Sicilian site presented the greatest number of DEGs for both genotypes. Most of the weather course data (daily maximum air temperature, relative humidity, air pressure, dew point, and hours of sun radiation) were significantly correlated with the “lightcyan1” module, confirming WGCNA as a powerful method for identifying genes of high biological interest. Within this module, the gene encoding the ACA10 cation transporter was highly expressed in plants of both genotypes from Campania, where the lowest anthocyanin content was recorded. The transcriptome was also correlated with quality traits, such as total soluble solids and polyphenol content. This approach could lead to the identification of a transcriptomic profile that may specifically identify a genotype and its growing site and to the discovery of hub genes that might function as markers of wine quality.
November 2024
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2 Reads
Dubin Dong
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Jiali Tong
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Liang Liao
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[...]
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Fei Yu
Introduction The Dicranopteris dichotoma fern community plays vital roles in nutrient sequestration, succession regulation, and ecological threshold control. However, the mechanisms underlying the formation of the D. dichotoma –dominant community remain unclear. Methods This study established four different community types to investigate the effects of environmental factors on the formation of a D. dichotoma –dominant community. Results We found that climate was the primary factor affecting the formation of patches dominated by D. dichotoma at the regional scale. Specifically, higher annual mean temperature and annual mean precipitation were associated with larger single-dominant-species patches of D. dichotoma . Understory light intensity was the major factor affecting the formation of the D. dichotoma community at the community scale. Light intensity ranging from 200 to 500 µmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹ was most conducive to the development of a large D. dichotoma community. Additionally, understory light intensity enhanced the importance value of D. dichotoma in the herb community by decreasing its biomass proportion of support modules and increasing its biomass proportion of photosynthetic and reproductive modules. Soil properties and D. dichotoma characteristics showed interactions with each other. Acidic red-yellow soil was most suitable for the formation of single-dominant-species patches of D. dichotoma , and the growth of D. dichotoma further decreased the soil pH. Soil total phosphorus content was identified as a limiting factor for formation of the D. dichotoma community. Discussion In summary, the formation of single-dominant-species patches of D. dichotoma is mainly influenced by a combination of climate, community, and soil.
November 2024
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2 Reads
Qi Yuan
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Yaqin Jiang
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Qihong Yang
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[...]
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Yikui Wang
Low temperature storage is widely used for storage and transportation of fruits and vegetables after harvest. As a cold-sensitive fruit vegetable, post-harvest solanaceous vegetables and fruits are susceptible to chilling injury during low temperature storage, which reduces its sensory quality and edible quality and shortens its storage period, thus leading to huge economic losses. Therefore, it is an essential to clarify the occurrence mechanism of chilling injury caused by low temperature storage in solanaceous vegetables and fruits, and to propose corresponding prevention and control measures for chilling injury. In recent years, a series of progress has been made in the research on chilling injury prevention and control and low temperature stress tolerance of solanaceous vegetables and fruits. This paper describes the chilling injury symptoms of postharvest solanaceous vegetables and fruits, clarifies the physiological and biochemical mechanisms in the chilling injury process, the molecular mechanisms, and prevention and control measures, and summarizes the latest research advancements on chilling injury and chilling tolerance regulation of solanaceous vegetables and fruits, which can provide valuable references for low temperature storage and chilling injury prevention and control measures of solanaceous vegetables and fruits.
November 2024
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6 Reads
Diploid lines (2n = 2x = 24) derived from tetraploid potato cultivars have been utilized to hybridize with wild diploid potato species, yielding fertile offsprings. Utilizing the pollen of Solanum tuberosum Group Phureja, such as IVP101, IVP35 and IVP48, as an inducer for wide hybridization with tetraploid cultivars represents a common method for producing diploids. In this study, we created a distant hybridization induced population of tetraploid potato cultivar Cooperation 88 (C88) and IVP101, and screened all diploids using flow cytometry and ploidyNGS. We investigated the genetic composition of chloroplast and nuclear genomes in 43 diploid offsprings. We found that all diploid offsprings share the same chloroplast genomic sequence as C88 and no evidence of paternal chloroplast inheritance was found. Used SNP data to calculate the theoretical introgression index of IVP101 with diploid offsprings. The results showed that the inducer’s nuclear genome was involved in the nuclear genome of the diploid offsprings with purple stem trait, indicating that the inducer nuclear genome was not completely eliminated in the nuclear genome during distant hybridization. Furthermore, we conducted a comparative analysis of the chloroplast genomes of the Solanum genus. The results indicated that (1) the chloroplast genome sizes of the 14 Solanum species ranged from 154,289 bp to 155,614 bp, with a total number of genes ranging 128-141, and with ycf 1 and rps 19 pseudogenes appearing at the IRB/SSC and IRA/LSC boundaries, respectively; (2) eight divergent hotspots distributed in the LSC and SSC regions of the Solanum chloroplast genomes were identified; (3) positive selection was detected in the clp P, rbc L, rps 15, and rps 4 genes, likely contributing to the adaptation of Solanum species to different habitats. These results reveal the variation and evolutionary characteristics of chloroplast genomes in Solanum plants.
November 2024
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24 Reads
Climate change triggers abiotic stress, such as drought and high salinity, that can cause osmotic stress. Water availability can limit plant growth, and the root tip tissues initially sense it. Most experiments destined to understand root growth adaptation to osmotic stress apply homogeneous high osmotic potentials (osmotic shock) to shoots and roots. However, this treatment does not represent natural field conditions where a root may encounter increasing osmotic potentials while exploring the soil. Osmotic shock severely reduces root growth rate, decreasing cell division in the proximal meristem and reducing mature cell length. In this work, we developed an in vitro osmotic gradient experimental system with increasing osmotic potentials. The system generates a controlled osmotic gradient in the root growth zone while exposing the aerial tissues to control conditions. The osmotic gradient system allowed Arabidopsis seedlings of Col-0 and ttl1 mutant (affected in the gene TETRATRICOPEPTIDE THIOREDOXIN-LIKE 1 (TTL1)) to sustain proper root growth for 25 days, reaching osmotic potentials of-1.2 MPa. We demonstrated that roots of seedlings grown in the osmotic gradient sustain a higher root growth rate than those that were grown under a homogeneous high osmotic potential. Furthermore, we found out that the expression of some genes is modified in the roots grown in the osmotic gradient compared to those grown in osmotic shock. Our data indicate that using an osmotic gradient can improve our understanding of how plants respond to osmotic stress and help find new genes to improve plant field performance.
November 2024
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12 Reads
November 2024
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21 Reads
Ethylene is an important phytohormone that orchestrates a multitude of physiological and biochemical processes regulating fruit ripening, from early maturation to post-harvest. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of ethylene’s multifaceted roles in climacteric fruit ripening, characterized by a pronounced increase in ethylene production and respiration rates. It explores potential genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying ethylene’s action, focusing on key transcription factors, biosynthetic pathway genes, and signal transduction elements crucial for the expression of ripening-related genes. The varied sensitivity and dependency of ripening traits on ethylene are elucidated through studies employing genetic mutations and ethylene inhibitors such as AVG and 1-MCP. Additionally, the modulation of ripening traits by ethylene is influenced by its interaction with other phytohormones, including auxins, abscisic acid, gibberellins, jasmonates, brassinosteroids, and salicylic acid. Pre-harvest fruit drop is intricately linked to ethylene, which triggers enzyme activity in the abscission zone, leading to cell wall degradation and fruit detachment. This review also highlights the potential for applying ethylene-related knowledge in commercial contexts to enhance fruit quality, control pre-harvest drop, and extend shelf life. Future research directions are proposed, advocating for the integration of physiological, genetic, biochemical, and transcriptional insights to further elucidate ethylene’s role in fruit ripening and its interaction with other hormonal pathways.
November 2024
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13 Reads
November 2024
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3 Reads
The global citrus industry faces a great threat from Huanglongbing (HLB), a destructive disease caused by ‘ Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ ( C Las) that induces significant economic losses without any known cure. Understanding how citrus plants defend against HLB, particularly at the early stages of infection, is crucial for developing long-term solutions. This study investigated the earliest metabolic responses of fresh citrus leaves to C Las infection using untargeted metabolomics and machine learning models. HLB-tolerant and HLB-sensitive cultivars were compared to analyze their biochemical reactions within 48 hours post-infection. HESI/Q-Orbitrap MS analysis identified temporal differential metabolites, revealing distinct metabolic pathways activated in response to C Las infection. Both cultivars responded by increasing specific metabolite concentrations, such as flavonoids, within 2 hours post-infection, but the HLB-tolerant cultivar maintained higher levels throughout the 48-hour period. This early metabolic activity could influence long-term plant health by enhancing disease resistance and reducing pathogen impact. These findings provide potential biomarkers for breeding HLB-resistant cultivars and offer valuable insights for developing sustainable management strategies to mitigate the impact of HLB on the citrus industry, ensuring its long-term productivity and economic viability.
November 2024
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1 Read
This work aims to predict the starch, vitamin C, soluble solids, and titratable acid contents of apple fruits using hyperspectral imaging combined with machine learning approaches. First, a hyperspectral camera by rotating samples was used to obtain hyperspectral images of the apple fruit surface in the spectral range of 380~1018 nm, and its region of interest (ROI) was extracted; then, the optimal preprocessing method was preferred through experimental comparisons; on this basis, genetic algorithms (GA), successive projection algorithms (SPA), and competitive adaptive reweighting adoption algorithms (CARS) were used to extract feature variables; subsequently, multiple machine learning models (support vector regression SVR, principal component regression PCR, partial least squares regression PLSR, and multiple linear regression MLR) were used to model the inversion between hyperspectral images and internal nutrient quality physicochemical indexes of fruits, respectively. Through the comparative analysis of all the model prediction results, it was found that among them, for starch, vitamin C, soluble solids, and titratable acid content, 2 nd Der-CARS-MLR were the optimal prediction models with superior performance (the prediction coefficients of determination R p ² exceeded 90% in all of them). In addition, potential relationships among four nutritional qualities were explored based on t-values and p-values, and a significant conclusion was drew that starch and vitamin C was highly correlated.
November 2024
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9 Reads
Water level fluctuations are among the main factors affecting the development of wetland vegetation communities, carbon sinks, and ecological processes. Hongze Lake is a typical seasonal lake wetland in the Huaihe River Basin. Its water levels have experienced substantial fluctuations because of climate change, as well as gate and dam regulations. In this study, long-term cloud-free remote sensing images of water body area, net plant productivity (NPP), gross primary productivity (GPP), and Fractional vegetation cover (FVC) of the wetlands of Hongze Lake were obtained from multiple satellites by Google Earth Engine (GEE) from 2006 to 2023. The trends in FVC were analyzed using a combined Theil-Sen estimator and Mann-Kendall (MK) test. Linear regression was employed to analyze the correlation between the area of water bodies and that of different degrees of FVC. Additionally, annual frequencies of various water levels were constructed to explore their association with GPP, NPP, and FVC.The results showed that water level fluctuations significantly influence the spatial and temporal patterns of wetland vegetation cover and carbon sinks, with a significant correlation (P<0.05) between water levels and vegetation distribution. Following extensive restoration efforts, the carbon sink capacity of the Hongze Lake wetland has increased. However, it is essential to consider the carbon sink capacity in areas with low vegetation cover, for the lakeshore zone with a higher inundation frequency and low vegetation cover had a lower carbon sink capacity. These findings provide a scientific basis for the establishment of carbon sink enhancement initiatives, restoration programs, and policies to improve the ecological value of wetland ecosystem conservation areas.
November 2024
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10 Reads
The current study aimed to investigate the effects of plant-mediated selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) on plant growth, photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant activity, and the triacylglycerol profile of sesame ( Sesamum indicum L.). The green synthesis of SeNPs was achieved using garlic extract, resulting in spherical nanoparticles with an average size range of 70–75 nm. Three SeNP treatments (T3, 30 ppm; T4, 40 ppm; and T5, 50 ppm) were applied through seed and foliar spray on six sesame varieties (V1, TS-5; V2, TH-6; V3, Til-18; V4, Niab Millennium; V5, Niab Pearl; and V6, NS-16). All enzymatic antioxidant parameters showed an increase in the treated groups, such as SOD (74.4% in V1 at T4), POD (43% in V5 at T5), APX (62% in V1 at T3), and GPX (31.56% in V3 at T4). CAT showed the highest percentage improvement in T5 for V1, V2, V4, and V5, while V3 and V4 exhibited the highest values at T4. Likewise, seed antioxidant parameters also showed increase in antioxidant activity, highest total phenolic content (6.06 mg GAE/g) was found at T5 treatment with percent increase of 27.41%, but the highest percent increase was found to be at T4 treatments in V1 with increase of 46.83%. Percent oil yield was also noted to be higher as highest percent (60%) oil yield was obtained at T4 treatment in V3. Ultra High Performance Mass-Spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) analysis and chemometric modeling suggested a total of 10 triacylglycerol (TG) biomarkers separating untreated groups, with higher relative abundance values at T4 and T5 treatments compared to control. PCA and correlation analysis showed clustering of untreated groups from T4 and T5, which suggests that these two treatments result in higher accumulation of oil. A generalized linear model with ANOVA showed a highly significant impact of treatments on all the growth and oil parameters, with significance involvement of varieties. The interaction between variety and treatment showed no significant effect on the growth and oil biomarkers of sesame. However, it can be concluded that the T4 and T5 treatments (40 ppm and 50 ppm) of SeNPs, applied through seed and foliar methods, have a strong influence on the overall growth and oil yield of sesame. This warrants further transcriptomic and molecular analysis to gain deeper insight into the mechanisms of action of SeNPs.
November 2024
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13 Reads
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2 Citations
Leaf disease detection is critical in agriculture, as it directly impacts crop health, yield, and quality. Early and accurate detection of leaf diseases can prevent the spread of infections, reduce the need for chemical treatments, and minimize crop losses. This not only ensures food security but also supports sustainable farming practices. Effective leaf disease detection systems empower farmers with the knowledge to take timely actions, leading to healthier crops and more efficient resource management. In an era of increasing global food demand and environmental challenges, advanced leaf disease detection technologies are indispensable for modern agriculture. This study presents an innovative approach for detecting pepper bell leaf disease using an ANFIS Fuzzy convolutional neural network (CNN) integrated with local binary pattern (LBP) features. Experiments involve using the models without LBP, as well as, with LBP features. For both sets of experiments, the proposed ANFIS CNN model performs superbly. It shows an accuracy score of 0.8478 without using LBP features while its precision, recall, and F1 scores are 0.8959, 0.9045, and 0.8953, respectively. Incorporating LBP features, the proposed model achieved exceptional performance, with accuracy, precision, recall, and an F1 score of higher than 99%. Comprehensive comparisons with state-of-the-art techniques further highlight the superiority of the proposed method. Additionally, cross-validation was applied to ensure the robustness and reliability of the results. This approach demonstrates a significant advancement in agricultural disease detection, promising enhanced accuracy and efficiency in real-world applications.
November 2024
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5 Reads
November 2024
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14 Reads
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Mariana A Rojas-Raya
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Ana A Feregrino-Pé Rez·
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Porfirio Gutierrez-MartinezIntroduction Stress-induced volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that induce plant immunity bear potential for biocontrol. Here, we explore the potential of nonanal to enhance the seed yield of common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) under open field conditions that are realistic for smallholder farmers. Methods and results Using plastic cups with a nonanal-containing lanolin paste as low-cost dispensers, we observed that exposure of Flor de Junio Marcela (FJM) plants over 48h to airborne nonanal was followed by a 3-fold higher expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes PR1 and PR4. Both genes further increased their expression in response to subsequent challenge with the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum lindemuthianum . Therefore, we conclude that nonanal causes resistance gene priming. This effect was associated with ca. 2.5-fold lower infection rates and a 2-fold higher seed yield. Offspring of nonanal-exposed FJM plants exhibited a 10% higher emergence rate and a priming of PR1- and PR4-expression, which was associated with decreased infection by C. lindemuthianum and, ultimately, a ca. 3-fold increase in seed yield by anthracnose-infected offspring of nonanal-exposed plants. Seeds of nonanal-exposed and of challenged plants contained significantly more phenolic compounds (increase by ca 40%) and increased antioxidant and radical scavenging activity. Comparative studies including five widely used bean cultivars revealed 2-fold to 3-fold higher seed yield for nonanal-exposed plants. Finally, a cost-benefit analysis indicated a potential economic net profit of nonanal exposure for some, but not all cultivars. Outlook We consider nonanal as a promising candidate for an affordable tool that allows low-income smallholder farmers to increase the yield of an important staple-crop without using pesticides
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School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, China