In this paper we discuss the variety of planar spiral segments and their
applications in objects in both the real and artificial world. The discussed
curves with monotonic curvature function are well-known in geometric modelling
and computer aided geometric design as fair curves, and they are very
significant in aesthetic shape modelling. Fair curve segments are used for
two-point G1 and G2 Hermite interpolation, as well as for generating aesthetic
splines.
In this paper, we describe the possibilities of using a rapid mental
computation system in elementary education. The system consists of a number of
readily memorized operations that allow one to perform arithmetic computations
very quickly. These operations are actually simple algorithms which can develop
or improve the algorithmic thinking of pupils. Using a rapid mental computation
system allows forming the basis for the study of computer science in secondary
school.
The effects of computer-assisted and distance learning of geometric modeling and computer aided geometric design are studied. It was shown that computer algebra systems and dynamic geometric environments can be considered as excellent tools for teaching mathematical concepts of mentioned areas, and distance education technologies would be indispensable for consolidation of successfully passed topics.
Each bank in its operations, faces numerous factors that can lead to negative consequences. Risk represents the uncertainty of future outcomes, which consists of uncertainties and exposure to the specified uncertainty. If the bank is exposed to uncertainty it can lead to serious financial consequences, provided that the level of uncertainty is not equated with the degree of exposure. It should be noted that most of the risks can not be predicted and financial institutions over and over again are facing with crisis phenomena and numerous losses because they do not have accompanying measures and strategies to combat the risks. The subject of the final paper is related to the definition and analysis of credit risk management. In accordance with a defined problem and the subject of research, the main goals are to define the main banking risks as well as the Basel principles and risk management strategy, define credit risk, analyze credit risk management in banking and to analyze and present credit risk management in legal entities in the example of the "Vakufska banka“ (analysis of qualitative and quantitative indicators, cash flow analysis, analysis projects, the SC analysis, exposure, analysis of related parties).
This article examines a set of sources related to the social-political movement in the territory of the Black Sea Governorate during the First Russian Revolution (1905-1907). The author analyzes and classifies sources discovered in the archive repositories of the Russian Federation. The author concludes the article by pointing out that there is a copious set of sources covering the social-political movement in the territory of the Black Sea Governorate during the First Russian Revolution. These include judicial/investigative materials, print media, documents of a personal nature by members of political organizations, memoirs, and correspondence.
The article, basing on archive materials, attempts to examine one of the chapters of World War I history, namely, so-called “dead men attack” during Osovets Tower (westward of Bialystok, within the territory of modern Poland) defense by Russian troops in 1915, reconstructs the battle, specifies attack, rather counterattack conditions, introduces new archive sources for scientific use.
The twentieth century went down in world history as the time of the Genesis of socio-cultural picture of the global world. A special role in the formation of new paradigms technetronic society played the October revolution and post-revolution syndrome that destroyed the outlook of traditional society. In terms of public socio-cultural policy in Soviet Russia, aimed at the creation of a secular culture, but in the context of the ideology of building a Communist society implemented the formation of Soviet man impersonal state propaganda. In the article the problems of interaction between government and peasant society in the 1920-ies in the South of Russia on the basis of the facts of the collision policy of the Soviet state and traditional festive peasant culture are considered.
The article deals with the Soviet and Russian approaches to the study of anti-Soviet (basmaches') movement in Central Asia in 1920–1930s and compared the historiographical concepts. Keywords: anti-Soviet movement, Central Asia, basmachestvo, historiographical approach. Историография антисоветского движения в Центральной Азии берѐт своѐ начало в 1920-е гг. Непосредственные участники событий с одной и другой сторон поспешили поделиться своим виденьем проблемы антисоветских выступлений в регионе. Стоит отметить, что практически сразу же историография приобрела яркую политическую окраску. Историческая справка: Басмачество – (от тюркского басмак – совершать налет), после Октябрьской революции вооруженное националистическое движение, боровшееся за свержение советской власти в Центральной Азии. Одним из первых советских исследователей басмаческого движения, общеполитической обстановки в Центральной Азии в начале 1920-х гг. являлся непосредственный очевидец установления советской власти в данном регионе большевик Г. Сафаров [1]. В работе «Колониальная революция (опыт Туркестана)» он изложил ряд положений, которые получили резко негативную оценку от большинства советских историографов басмаческого движения. Например, Г. Сафаров полагал, что советская власть в Центральной Азии имела чѐтко обозначенный колонизаторский характер, а одной из главных причин возникновения антисоветского сопротивления в регионе считал экономический кризис, разрушивший хлопковое хозяйство и приведший к значительному обнищанию дехкан [1, 53]. Политической причиной активизации басмачества, на взгляд Сафарова, стала практически открытая враждебность советской власти в отношении широких масс мусульманского духовенства, а религиозный фактор в Центральной Азии был и остаѐтся одним из самых значительных. Острой критике многих советских исследователей басмаческого движения подвергся тезис Сафарова о том, что участвовавшая в боях с так называемыми «басмачами» в начале 1920-х гг. Красная Армия состояла преимущественным образом из «деклассированных элементов» [1, 98]. Следует отметить, что указанное мнение исследователя частично подтверждено недавно рассекреченными документами центральных российских архивов. Таким образом, несмотря на то, что первую попытку осмыслить происходившее в Центральной Азии в 1920-е гг. предпринял большевик по своим убеждениям Сафаров, исследование имело довольно комплексный характер и смогло отразить целый ряд из тех проблем, которые стали причиной антисоветских выступлений.
The article attempts to examine the consequences of the policy of collectivization and settling policy, expressed in fleeing of Kazakh population in the late 1920s and early 1930s. In the article, with a wide range of sources, including archival documents, considered measures of the Soviet government, aimed at combating migration of Kazakh population, ineffectual nature of these measures. The author concludes that the attempt to organize the economy of otkochevniki failed due to formal and bureaucratic approach to the issue and the lack of financial resources.
This article analyzes the role of the theater during the period of formation of a new social-psychological paradigm. The author examines the correlation between the stage image and the ideology pursued during the period 1920–1930, when the motifs of extermination, struggle, hatred, and rifts in plays staged in 1920–1930, in point of fact, not only justified the means and methods of the Communist Party’s policy in the cause of building a worker-peasant state but became a representative example for the actions and deeds of citizens. Thus, through the theater there had been forming a novel social ethics, a novel consciousness. The study conducted by the author can serve as a complement to the study of issues related to the interaction between the theater and the authorities
The article reveals the main aspects of foreign political representation of the Ukrainian SSR in the beginning of 1920th. The paper proves that Ukraine was an active subject of the international relations. As the republican foreign ministry was eliminated and its power delegated to the Union’s international agencies (after creation of Soviet Union) the Ukrainian SSR was presented at the international arena through its diplomats, representative organizations, participation in international projects, promotions, etc.
The article addresses the issues of historiography and source materials analysis on the origin and development of archiving in Novonikolaevsk (since February 1926 – Novosibirsk) in the 1930s of XX century. October 1, 1925 Novonikolayevsk County Archive office was established as a division of the Novosibirsk District Executive Committee, which was responsible for accounting organization and archival documents preservation, pre-revolutionary institutions lists compilation, and after the revolution – for the unchecked archives identification and search, departmental archives revision and instructing of local archivists. By the Resolution of the Siberian Regional Archival Bureau dated July 27 1930 Novosibirsk District Archive Bureau was abolished and for the further institutions and enterprises maintenance the local archives office was organized in Novosibirsk City Executive Committee. Research on different types of historical documents reflecting the characteristics of work organization in Novosibirsk archive Bureau's Department of archives and district executive committees archives, conditions of archival funds formation, classification and use, archivists staff appointments, their accounting and qualifications, allowed to accumulate the historiography and source studies experience on the organization of archives in Novonikolaevsk through the example of the Archival Bureau in the first five years of its existence. Archival materials stored in MPI «Novosibirsk City Archives» and GKU NSO «State Archives of the Novosibirsk region» were used as the documentary basis of the article.
Student 6-th course 2 Sochi State University for Tourism and Recreation Sovetskaya street 26a, Sochi city, Krasnodar Krai, 354000, Russia PhD (History), associate professor The article presents some aspects of All-Union Sochi Resort quick pace construction in 1930s. Special attention is attached to official ideology and realities. Keywords: quick pace construction, ideology, Sochi, All-Union resort. 1930-е гг. стали решающими по превращению города Сочи во Всероссийскую здравницу. В это время Сочи был включен в число ударных строек Второй пятилетки. Главным нормативным документом стало Постановление СНК СССР № 30 от 8 января 1934 г. «О включении в список ударных строек строительство курорта Сочи-Мацесты» [1]. В это же время город Сочи выделяется в самостоятельную административно-хозяйственную единицу [2]. Было создано Управление Уполномоченного ЦИК по Сочи-Мацестинскому району. В 1934 г. капиталовложения во Всесоюзную стройку составили 60–70 млн руб. [3] Такой рост капиталовложений породил так называемые «ножницы». Дело в том, что финансирование одних отраслей совершенно не сочеталось с другими. Строители, которые приезжали на работу в Сочи, не могли определить своих детей в детские сады и школы из-за нехватки мест. Немаловажной проблемой в городе было и то, что необходимо было расширять сеть водопровода. В 1934 г. В Сочи и на Мацесте имелось четыре водопроводных системы общей мощностью 2,2 тыс. кубометров воды в сутки [4]. В Хосте население брало воду из реки. Это создавало проблемы, так как источники никто не охранял, а вблизи имелись постройки, в которых размещали домашних животных. Стоки и нечистоты могли попасть в воду и привести к болезням жителей Хосты. Потребности в воде росли быстрее, чем строители успевали выполнять строительные работы. Строительство водопровода продолжалось в течение 1936–1941 гг. было много ошибок и трудностей, приходилось экономить, бороться с перерасходом средств, что, конечно, сказывалось на качестве работы. В итоге были построены: водопровод «Сочи-Мацеста» и водопровод «Сочи-Хоста». К сожалению, пока шло строительство водопровода, увеличились потребности, т.к. вода понадобилась и для производственных нужд при строительстве электростанции [5]. Важное место по превращению города Сочи во Всесоюзную здравницу отводилось строительству канализации. До 1934 г. общей системы канализации в городе не было. Ее создание в краевой пятилетний план включено не было из-за нехватки средств. И только с лозунгами о превращении Сочи во Всесоюзную здравницу пришло осознание необходимости строительства городской канализации.
Resort city transport system is one of main indicators of resort attractiveness. The article examines project activity of transport system development in 1950s and attempts of its implementation. Keywords: transport system, Sochi city, 1950s, project. В 1950-е гг. Сочи был небольшим, хотя и необычным в географическом и климатическом отношении, городом. Сочи состоял из современных Центрального и Хостинского районов, а с 1961 г. Президиумом Верховного Совета РСФСР было принято решение о присоединении к городу Сочи еще двух районов: с северной стороны – Лазаревский, с южной – Адлерский [1]. Если первый уже был ориентирован на курортное развитие (об этом говорит наличие санаториев, домов отдыха, туристических баз, пансионатов), то второй был исключительно аграрным районом. Отметим, что Лазаревский и Адлерский районы располагали значительным потенциалом развития. Сочи – город необычной географии, где достаточно сложно организовать работу транспорта. В изучаемый период в г. Сочи были представлены следующие виды транспорта: автомобильный, железнодорожный, морской, авиатранспорт. В официальной переписке с Министерствами Советского Союза и РСФСР Горисполком активно стремился к транспортному развитию Сочи. Уделялось внимание и дорогам местного значения. Так, руководство города неоднократно обращалось к министру автомобильного транспорта и шоссейных дорог РСФСР Ф.А. Калабухову с просьбой о выделении дополнительного финансирования на ремонт и содержание дороги на участке Дагомыс – Солох-Аул. К 1962 г. в результате давности стройки (1913 г.) и длительной эксплуатации без капитально-восстановительных ремонтов пришла «данная дорога пришла в трудно проезжаемое состояние» [2]. Такое состояние дороги не обеспечивало нормальной и безопасной работы автомобильного транспорта по обеспечению пассажирских перевозок, по снабжению горных населенных пунктов продовольствием и другими товарами, срывало грузоперевозки Дагомысского и Солох-Аульского чайных совхозов.
The state, as a social institute, undergoes amid political and social-economic transformations not only the reformation of social relations but, as a reaction of these changes, causes the collapse of existing social guideposts, norms, and ideals in society. This study is aimed at identifying the major issues and shortcomings in the operation of the Soviet urban system of prevention of child neglect and juvenile delinquency, identifying the social reasons behind the emergence of child neglect characteristic of the resort city of Sochi, assessing child neglect issues, and coming up with ways to resolve them for entities within the system of prevention of child neglect and juvenile delinquency and other interest groups. The article is dedicated to exploring the issue of juvenile behavior in the resort city of Sochi during the period of the policy of paternalism in the 1960s-1980s.
In work is considered various works of the prominent Soviet writer and journalist, the convinced Russian national patriot as a historical source. There are revealed the reason of the importance of memoirs and reflections of public figures of the late Soviet era as historical sources. The most significant aspects of a creative heritage of S.N. Semanov for modern historians are defined. The important historical events which found reflections in S. N. Semanov's works are specified.
The article is devoted to modern (post-Soviet) vision of Ukrainian historiographical science concerning resolving of agrarian peasant question, which is understood by the author as the complex of relations between the state and the peasantry, processes of the transformation of peasants’ legal and property statuses and land use by peasants. That’s why the historical partological study is considered in tight connection with peasant movement in Ukraine at the beginning of the 20th century. The author reflects on the ideological essence of parties, which defined the specifics of their proposals both on land reform and on the change of peasants’ estate status. Moreover, it is suggested to evaluate the attitude to agrarian question as one of the criteria for parties classification as left-wing, right-wing or centrist. Controversial issues regarding agrarian parts of party programs are investigated as well as the methods of struggle proposed by the parties.
A Water Quality Index (WQI) is a numeric expression used to evaluate the quality of water bodies and make it easier understood by managers. This paper aims to assess water quality of Drina River in Serbia for the 2004 – 2011 period. For this purpose authors applied: Serbian Water Quality Index (SWQI). WQI value is dimensionless, single number ranging from 0 to 100 (best quality) derived from numerous physical, chemical, biological and microbiological parameters. For the Drina River SWQI was mainly rated as excellent. This study shows a clear decrease in water quality during summer period. Additionaly, this study shows that water quality along Drina River decreases slightly downstream, but it still provides values that according to SWQI descriptive quality indicator have been defined as excellent (90–100). This methodology includes parameters for assessment of organic loading, but does not involve parameters of heavy metals concentration.
The article review the 4th edition of the well-proven in teaching in local high schools textbook concepts of modern education. The book is written by a group of philosophers and natural scientists of Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov. Lead Author and editor of a textbook made by well-known Russian specialist in the history and philosophy of science Lebedev S.A. Textbook prepared in accordance with the relevant requirements of the Federal state educational standard of higher education. Revealed the following topics: the unity of science and the humanities, the physical picture of the world in its development, the concept of space, time and determinism, the main content of synergy, the concept of modern chemistry, biology, ecology, geography, geology, systematic approach. The content of the textbook is based on an analysis of the dynamics and the current state of natural science and its methodological and philosophical problems. The authors relied on the evaluation and interpretation of the concepts of modern science outstanding foreign and domestic scientists. In the presentation of all the above concepts in the textbook of modern science permeates thought complex, contradictory and historically volatile nature of natural science, the close relationship between the natural sciences to the needs, demands and potential of spiritual and material culture of his time.
This study is concerned with implementing games as one of the methods used in sport and physical education classes at the 2ndlevel stage of primary schools(grades 5th– 9th). Results of the study pointed to the fact that pupils are still very interested in playful activities. These activities are applied in the main part of the sport and physical education classes. Pupils themselves are of the opinion that playing games provides them with a better opportunity to make contact with their classmates more than any other activity, which creates positive conditions for making interpersonal relationships within a group or a class
The paper deals the reconstruction of the career of the Ecuadorian tug "Abdon Calderon," which is now a museum-ship. It is shown that the ship had a significant impact on the naval history of Ecuador. But the role of the ship in the battle in the strait Jambeli in 1941 clearly exaggerated.
Abrahamic faiths refer to the three most popular religions that traced their origin to Abraham. These religions are Judaism (the earliest of the three), Christianity and Islam (Islam is commonly adjudged as the most recent).This paper examined the common worship, customs and other religious ceremonies prevalent among the Abrahamic faiths. It also identified the common areas of agreement between the Abrahamic faiths with regards to the common religious related customs. It is on this strength that the paper argued that the Abrahamic faiths should emphasize on areas of unity rather than widen the gulf of disagreement. The paper employed the historical and sociological methods of investigation. It is recommended that the Abrahamic faiths should explore areas of unity in order to strengthen the cord of tolerance and peace in the world in general and Nigeria in particular.
The article consideres the modern scientific approaches to the integration of management systems, interpretation of the concepts of managerial accounting and understanding of management and accounting in small businesses. The article presents the main results of the analysis of Kazakhstan's agro-industrial sector problems, ways of their solution, based on international experience and the characteristics of Kazakhstan's small business entity. There is presented the authors' vision of ways to enhance the competitiveness of small farms.
