Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift

Phylogenetic analysis of Migadopinae Chaudoir, 1861, based on morphological characters analyzed using maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference, recognizes the tribal adelphotaxa Aquilicini Moret, 2005 and Migadopini. Amarotypini Erwin, 1985 (type genus Amarotypus Bates, 1872) is newly synonymized with Migadopini, as its taxonomic recognition renders Migadopini paraphyletic. Phylogenetic relationships within Migadopinae establish the Andean tropicomontane Aquilex Moret, 1989—type genus of the monogeneric Aquilicini—as sister group to the circum-Antarctic Migadopini. The earliest-diverging member taxa of Migadopini are distributed across southern South America and the subantarctic Falkland Islands. Subsequent divergence implicates Australia, New Zealand, and the Campbell Plateau. Internodes of the taxon-area cladogram are optimized using RASP (Reconstruct Ancestral State in Phylogenies), with nodal optimizations interpretable by both vicariance or dispersal. Campbell Plateau taxa are ambiguously derived from an ancestral node optimized to either South America, Australia, or the Campbell Plateau itself, a result most consistent with fragmentation of these Gondwanan terranes. Only the origin of the Tasmanian Migadopiella Baehr—taxonomically placed within a paraphyletic assemblage comprising the New Zealand genera Amarotypus, Amaroxenus Larochelle & Larivière, and Amarophilus Larochelle & Larivière—is interpreted unambiguously as dispersal based, in this instance via east to west trans-Tasman dispersal. Winged flight by migadopine carabid beetles, previously hypothesized as a vehicle for dispersal between Australia and South America, is dismissed based on restriction of macropterous taxa to two disparate and highly subordinate taxa; one comprising the Australian tropicomontane Dendromigadops Baehr and its temperate rainforest-occupying sister genus Decogmus Sloane, and the second, Antarctonomus complanatus of Valdivian and Magellanic Nothofagus forest in Chile and Argentina. Relevant fossil evidence supporting austral relationships of Migadopinae is briefly reviewed, including the mid-Cretaceous occurrence of Migadopinae in Kachin Burmese Amber, and the Miocene-aged fossil carabid beetle, Antarctotrechus balli Ashworth and Erwin (Trechini), described from the trans-Antarctic Mountains. The former supports a Cretaceous origin for Migadopinae consistent with Austral vicariance, the latter augurs the discovery of biogeographically homologous Antarctic fossil representatives that could corroborate an Austral vicariance hypothesis for the migadopine radiation.

The developmental stages (larva, pupa) of Anthonomus brunnipennis are fully described for the first time. Despite great similarities of the adults of A. brunnipennis and A. rubi the differences between immature stages of both species could be demonstrated. Two different habitats of A. brunnipennis in Germany are described, and host plant data are critically reviewed. The only well-documented host plant of A. brunnipennis is Potentilla erecta.

A new species of the genus Colydium Fabricius, 1792 (Coleoptera, Zopheridae, Colydiinae), Colydium noblecourtisp. nov. is described. An illustrated and updated key for the identification of the Western Palearctic species of Colydium is presented. Distribution maps for the three species are provided.

A new species of the family Mantispidae (Neuroptera) from Vietnam is described. Euclimacia radioquaesentissp. nov. shows a unique colour pattern, which is distinctive within the genus. The colouration and morphology of both sexes of the new species are described in detail and illustrated. The naming of the new species is linked to a popular citizen-science event in choosing the name for this species (and three other species from different undescribed species by taxonomists of the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin).

The taxonomic status of the Pyrgomorphid genera Parapetasia Bolívar, 1884, and Loveridgacris Rehn, 1954 is complex and challenging. Here, we use a combination of morphological, distributional, and genetic data to revise the two genera and provide new information on their diversity. We describe a new species, Loveridgacris tectiferussp. nov., from Tanzania and formally resurrect the status of Parapetasia rammei as a valid species within Parapetasia, resulting in two species in Parapetasia (P. femorata and P. rammei) and two in Loveridgacris (L. impotens and L. tectiferussp. nov.). We also sequenced the COI and 16S genes of 10 Pyrgomorphidae species and provided the first phylogeny of the group. Our data show that all species are clearly distinct and represent molecular operational taxonomic units (mOTUs), with the exceptions of L. impotens and L. tectiferussp. nov., which are morphologically clearly distinct but for which the concatenated sequence alignments of the two individual gene datasets (COI and 16S) do not provide sufficient information. In addition, high interspecific distances were found between Parapetasia and Loveridgacris. Moreover, the complete mitogenomes of L. impotens and L. tectiferussp. nov. were sequenced using next-generation sequencing technology. The total lengths of the assembled mitogenomes were 15,592 bp and 15,737 bp, representing 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes and one D-loop region, respectively. To aid in identification, we present a key for the two genera, including a key to species. This study provides insights into the morphology, distribution, and phylogeny of Pyrgomorphidae in Africa.

The subgenus Homoneura Wulp, 1891 (Diptera, Lauxaniidae, Homoneurinae) is highly diverse with more than 220 species known from China, representing more than 80% of the Chinese genus Homoneura Wulp, 1891. These species were assigned into 21 species groups in studies mainly focusing on the classification and description of species. The phylogenetic relationships of each subgenus of Homoneura and the phylogenetic relationship of the species groups are still not well understood. We investigated the male morphology to provide the basis to further revise the species groups of this subgenus. In this survey, 230 species were examined and 117 morphological characters obtained, a phylogenetic analysis was conducted using the maximum parsimony analysis with TNT and WinClada. The analyses yielded 45 most parsimonious trees and one strict consensus tree. A phylogenetic hypothesis is proposed dividing the subgenus Homoneura into 12 species groups: H. (H.) nigrifacies, H. (H.) pallida, H. (H.) patella, H. (H.) beckeri, H. (H.) formosae, H. (H.) henanensis, H. (H.) nigra, H. (H.) notostigma, H. (H.) ornatifrons, and H. (H.) trispina, H. (H.) laticosta, and H. (H.) quinquenotata. This research provides valuable contributions towards a better understanding of the phylogenetic relationships within the subgenus Homoneura. However, the monophyly of the genus and subgenus was not supported.

This study provides a taxonomic revision of the genus Kunungua Carvalho, 1951 (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Miridae, Bryocorinae, Eccritotarsini) with the description of three new species, K. atramentomaculatasp. nov., K. geminasp. nov., and K. ornatasp. nov. Revised diagnoses for the genus and three additional species are given, along with a key to the species. Habitus photographs, illustrations of male genitalic structures, and distributional information are provided for each species. The placement of Kunungua within the Prodromus group of genera is discussed. The genus Duducoris Odhiambo, 1962 is recognised as a new junior subjective synonym of Prodromus Distant, 1904, resulting in new combinations for the five species contained in the subsumed genus. Kunungua pallida Linnavuori, 1975 is excluded from the genus Kunungua and treated as a species of uncertain generic placement.

Moser in 1919 described the genus Manodactylus for the new species Manodactylus gaujoni Moser, 1919, which was described based on specimens of Abbé Gaujon from Loja, Ecuador; a syntype of this species was designated in 2017 as the lectotype. Earlier, Macrodactylus gaujoni was described by Ohaus in 1909 based on a specimen collected also in highlands of Loja; however, this type specimen is presumably lost. We designate the lectotype as a neotype for Macrodactylus gaujoni Ohaus, 1909 based on the congruence between the type localities and the diagnostic characters mentioned in the descriptions. Thus, Manodactylus gaujoni Moser, 1919 is a junior objective synonym of Macrodactylus gaujoni Ohaus, 1909, which is presented here in the new combination under the genus Manodactylus. Also, a second species of the genus Manodactylus is described from the Paramo ecosystem in the Andes of southern Colombia. Manodactylus paramicolasp. nov. differs from M. gaujoni by the shape of clypeus and punctation of pronotum and elytra. Diagnosis for the genus and for the species, the description of M. paramicolasp. nov., and a distribution map are presented.

Two tentatively distinct morphological forms belonging to the Darwin wasp genus Lochetica Kriechbaumer, 1892 (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) were found to occur in Finland, although only one species is known in Europe. The identity of the two forms were resolved by examining additional museum material, DNA barcoding and revising the relevant types. Both morphology and molecular results support the recognition of a new species, Lochetica ramiisp. nov., from Finnish specimens – in addition to Lochetica westoni (Bridgman, 1880) already known from Finland. New host associations are given for both species and their ecology is discussed. An identification key is given to the known species of Lochetica of the world to facilitate the recognition of the new species.

Rutelini is one of the largest tribes of Rutelinae, widely distributed but primarily in the New World. Recently, both larvae and adults of Parastasia ferrieri had been discovered in Liaoning Province of northeastern China from the Palearctic realm. The third-instar larvae of P. ferrieri were described using light and scanning electron microscopy in order to discover more morphological characters for larval taxonomy. The larvae of P. ferrieri exhibit remarkable features, including four protuberances on labrum, no helus on epipharynx, two scissorial teeth on each mandible, five stridulatory teeth plus a blunt protuberance on each maxilla, and the obtuse claws on the thoracic legs. The correlation between morphological features and feeding habits is briefly discussed.

All native and many cultivated fig plants are pollinated by representatives of the family Agaonidae (fig wasps), which are specialised, secondarily phytophagous relatives of parasitoid wasps that evolved an obligate mutualism with fig trees. So far, distribution of Agaonidae in Europe has been limited to southern, mostly Mediterranean areas, for example, in Greece, Croatia, Hungary, Italy, France, Spain and Portugal. Here, we report the first four records of the family for Germany, all in the form of the widespread species Blastophaga psenes (Linnaeus, 1758). New verified records are from three States in western and south-western Germany, Baden-Wuerttemberg (Radolfzell at Lake Constance and Sasbach am Kaiserstuhl near Freiburg), Saarland (Saarbrücken) and Northrhine-Westalia (Bochum) and all are based on citizen-scientist observations and collections. The new records are considerably more northern than previously recorded localities and, strikingly, geographically distant from these. All records can be attributed to the presence of large male caprifig trees (Ficus carica L. var. caprificus), whose three generations of fruits host the development stages of Blastophaga psenes. We generated DNA barcode data of specimens from three localities and added them to the national GBOL (German Barcode of Life) database and the international Barcode of Life database (BOLD). The somewhat surprising occurrence of the species/family in Germany might be attributable to increasing temperatures as a result of global warming, but this needs further investigation. Additionally, the presence of fig wasps, assuming it stabilises, could offer new opportunities for fig farming in Germany.

As the only direct records of the history of evolution, it is critical to determine the geological source of biota-bearing fossils. Through the application of synchrotron-radiation micro-computed tomography (SR-µ-CT), Fourier-transformed infrared-spectroscopy (FT-IR), visual evaluation of ultraviolet fluorescence (UV-VS), radiocarbon dating (¹⁴C quantification), and historical sleuthing, we were able to identify and sort 161 (83 Baltic amber, 71 Copal and 7 Kauri gum pieces) individually numbered and largely mislabeled pieces of East African Defaunation resin (~145 years old) and copal (~390 years old), as well as Baltic amber (~35 million years old) from the Phyletisches Museum collection. Based on this collection, we define two new species: ‡Amphientomum knorrei Weingardt, Bock & Boudinot, sp. nov. (Psocodea: Amphientomidae, copal) and †Baltistena nigrispinata Batelka, Tröger & Bock, sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Mordellidae, Baltic amber). For selected taxa, we provide systematic reviews of the fossil record, including: Amphientomidae, for which we provide a key to all species of Amphientomum, extant and extinct, and recognize the junior synonymy of Am. ectostriolatum Li, 2002 (an unjustified emendation) under Am. ectostriolate Li, 1999 (syn. nov.); the fossil ant genus †Yantaromyrmex and the clades Dorylinae, Plagiolepidini, Camponotus, Crematogaster, and Pheidole (Formicidae); the Nevrorthidae (Neuroptera); and Doliopygus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Platypodinae). We synonymize Palaeoseopsis Enderlein, 1925 with Amphientomum Pictet, 1854, syn. nov. and transfer one species from Amphientomum, forming Lithoseopsis indentatum (Turner, 1975), comb. nov. To prevent the uncritical usage of unidentifiable fossils attributed to Camponotus for macroevolutionary analysis, we transfer 29 species to the form genus †Camponotites Steinbach, 1967, which we consider to be most useful as incertae sedis in the Formicinae. We treat †Ctt. ullrichi (Bachmayer, 1960), comb. nov. as unidentifiable hence invalid stat. nov. We also transfer †Ca. mengei Mayr, 1868 and its junior synonym †Ca. igneus Mayr, 1868 to a new genus, †Eocamponotus Boudinot, gen. nov., which is incertae sedis in the Camponotini. Concluding our revision of Camponotus fossils, we transfer †Ca. palaeopterus (Zhang, 1989) to Liometopum (Dolichoderinae), resulting in †L. palaeopterumcomb. nov. and the junior synonymy of †Shanwangella Zhang, 1989, syn. nov. under Liometopum Mayr, 1861. Because the type specimens of the genera †Palaeosminthurus Pierce & Gibron, 1962, stat. rev. and †Pseudocamponotus Carpenter, 1930 are unidentifiable due to poor preservation, we consider these taxa unidentifiable hence invalid stat. nov. To avoid unsupported use of the available fossils names attributed to Crematogaster for divergence dating calibration points, we transfer three species to a new collective taxon that is incertae sedis in Myrmicinae, †Incertogaster Boudinot, gen. nov., forming †In. aurora (LaPolla & Greenwalt, 2015), †In. praecursor (Emery, 1891), comb. nov., and †In. primitiva (Radchenko & Dlussky, 2019), comb. nov. Finally, we transfer †Ph. cordata (Holl, 1829) back to Pheidole, and designate a neotype from our copal collection based on all available evidence. All new species plus the neotype of ‡Ph. cordata are depicted with 3D cybertypes from our µ-CT scan data. We introduce the convention of a double dagger symbol (‡) to indicate fossils in copal or Defaunation resin, as these may yet be extant. To further contextualize our results, we provide a discussion of amber history and classification, as well as the Kleinkuhren locality, to which multiple specimens were attributed. We conclude with conspecti on key biological problems and increasing potential of µ-CT for phylogenetic paleontology.

Here, we describe a new genus of lice (Phthiraptera, Ischnocera) in the Oxylipeurus -complex, parasitising galliform hosts in the genera Tragopan Cuvier, 1829. This genus, Pelecolipeurus gen. nov. , is separated from other members of the complex by the unique shape of the male subgenital plate and stylus, the male genitalia and other characters. The only previously-known species in the genus is Lipeurus longus Piaget, 1880, which is here tentatively re-described as Pelecolipeurus longus (Piaget, 1880), based on specimens from a non-type host, Tragopan temminckii (Gray, 1831). In addition, we describe a new species, Pelecolipeurus fujianensis sp. nov. , based on specimens from Tragopan caboti (Gould, 1857). An overview of the distribution patterns of ischnoceran lice on galliforms is presented, which suggests that host phylogeny, host biogeography and host biotope, as well as elevation of host range, may all be important factors that have structured louse communities on landfowl. We transfer the genus Afrilipeurus from the Oxylipeurus -complex to the Lipeurus -complex and include an emended key to the Oxylipeurus -complex.

The peculiar Afrotropical bark beetle genus Xyloctonus Eichhoff, 1872 is revised and its biology described. Several unusual morphological features reflect adaptations to predator avoidance as they are highly exposed during mating externally on tree trunks and branches. Observations invariably indicate that males and females abandon the nest under bark at an early stage of progeny, the males already before eggs hatch, potentially engaging in subsequent additional matings. Most species have a clear preference for host plants in the plant family Sapotaceae. Although the genus is broadly distributed in forested parts of Africa, Madagascar and Mauritius, most species are found in the eastern part of this range. A Bayesian biogeographical analysis revealed a possible origin of the genus in Madagascar in the early Eocene, with subsequent colonisation of the southern African region in late Eocene. This contrasts with the closely-related xyloctonine genus Ctonoxylon Hagedorn, 1910, which is of western Congolian ancestry and more recently reached Madagascar multiple times during late Miocene. Two new species are described: Xyloctonus magnus sp. nov. from Madagascar and X. genieri sp. nov. from Burkina Faso. Synonyms are proposed for X. subcostatus Eggers, 1939 (= X. striatus Eggers, 1939) and X. scolytoides Eichhoff, 1872 (= X. latus Eggers, 1922). Identification to species is provided in a key illustrated with photographs of most species.

The present study describes two new species of the monocotyledon-feeding lace bugs of the genus Agramma Stephens, 1829 (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Tingidae, Tinginae, Tingini) from small islands of Japan. The first is A. (A.) izuense sp. nov., which was recorded as A. (A.) japonicum (Drake, 1948) from Hachijo Island, the Izu Islands, in a previous study, and is considered an independent species here based on morphological characteristics and molecular data. The second is A. (A.) keramense sp. nov., which has a remarkable spineless head and was discovered from Aka and Geruma islands, Kerama Group, the Ryukyu Islands. Consequently, the following four species of Agramma were recognized in Japan: A. (A.) abruptifrons Golub, 1990, A. (A.) izuense sp. nov., A. (A.) japonicum, and A. (A.) keramense sp. nov. Only dozens of submacropterous morphs were confirmed in these two species in the present study, suggesting that both new species are flightless. In addition, an illustrated key for the identification of the four species from Japan and the host plant relationships of the two new species are provided.

In this study two new genera and four new species of Eccritotarsini (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Bryocorinae) are described. Thomasomiris gen. nov. is established to accommodate Thomasomiris setosus sp. nov. (from Panama) and Egerocoris gen. nov. , is described for E. ecuatorianus sp. nov. (the type species), E. dimorphus sp. nov. (both from Ecuador) and E. chaparensis sp. nov. (from Bolivia). Adult habitus and male genitalia photographs are provided for each species. A key to species is also provided and the affinities of the new genera are discussed.

We report the publication of 953 DNA barcodes of forest leaf litter beetles from central Taiwan, in total representing 334 species of 36 beetle families. This is the first bulk of data from the Taiwanese Leaf Litter beetles project focused on uncovering the under-explored diversity of leaf litter beetles across Taiwan. Based on these data, we provide the first records of the following taxa for Taiwan: family Sphindidae (genus Aspidiphorus Ziegler, 1821); tribes Trichonychini, Ctenistini, and Bythinoplectini (all Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae); genera Gyrelon Hinton, 1942, Thyroderus Sharp, 1885, Cautomus Sharp, 1885 (all Cerylonidae), Dermatohomoeus Hlisnikovský, 1963 (Leiodidae), Paraploderus Herman, 1970 (Staphylinidae: Oxytelinae), Thinocharis Kraatz, 1859 (Staphylinidae: Paederinae), Cephennodes Reitter, 1884, Napoconnus Franz, 1957 (both Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae), Bicava Belon, 1884 (Latridiidae), Otibazo Morimoto, 1961, Seleuca Pascoe, 1871 and Acallinus Morimoto, 1962 (all Curculionidae); species Oodes (Lachnocrepis) japonicus (Bates, 1873) (Carabidae: Licininae), Drusilla obliqua (Bernhauer, 1916) (Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) and Coccotrypes advena Blandford, 1894 (Curculionidae: Scolytinae). The records of Anapleus Horn, 1873 (Histeridae) and Batraxis Reitter, 1882 (Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae) have been confirmed. The male of Sivacrypticus taiwanicus Kaszab, 1964 (Archeocrypticidae) is described for the first time. Gyrelon jenpani Hu, Fikáček & Matsumoto, sp. nov. (Cerylonidae) is described, illustrated, and compared with related species. DNA barcodes associated larvae of 42 species with adults, we are concisely illustrating some of these: Oodes japonicus, Perigona cf. nigriceps Dejean, 1831 (both Carabidae), Ptilodactyla sp. (Ptilodactylidae), Maltypus ryukyuanus Wittmer, 1970 (Cantharidae), Drusilla obliqua, Myrmecocephalus brevisulcus (Pace, 2008), Diochus sp., Mimopinophilus sp. (all Staphylinidae), Stelidota multiguttata Reitter, 1877, Lasiodites inaequalis (Grouvelle, 1914) (both Nitidulidae), Lagria scutellaris Pic, 1910, and Anaedus spinicornis Kaszab, 1973 (both Tenebrionidae). We also report the first cases of Rickettsia infections in Scydmaeninae and Pselaphinae. All data (sequences, metadata, and voucher photos) are made public in BOLD database and in a Zenodo Archive.

The family Deuterophlebiidae is considered the most plesiomorphic Diptera family, with striking morphology and life history. In this study, we provide detailed descriptions and figures of two new species from Southwestern China: Deuterophlebia pseudopoda sp. nov. and Deuterophlebia pachychaeta sp. nov., along with genetic distances of COI sequences between the seven known Chinese species of Deuterophlebia Edwards, 1922. The two new species can be identified by the adults' male terminalia, head structures, male and female antennae and mesothoracic spines or abdominal projections of the pupae. As a result, China is currently the country with the highest Deuterophlebia species diversity.

The tribe Campsomerini (Hymenoptera: Scoliidae) from northern Vietnam was studied, resulting in the finding of three species and six subspecies belonging to five genera. Three genera ( Megacampsomeris Betrem, 1928 (with M. shillongensis (Betrem, 1928)), Micromerialla Betrem, 1964 (with M. marginella marginella (KIug, 1810)) and Phalerimeris Betrem, 1967 (with P. phalerata phalerata (de Saussure, 1858))) and three species ( Sericocampsomeris flavomaculata Gupta & Jonathan, 1989, Campsomeriella (Annulimeris) annulata (Fabricius, 1793) and C. (Campsomeriella) collaris (Fabricius, 1775)) are recorded for the first time from Vietnam. One new species, Sericocampsomeris vietnamica Pham & van Achterberg, sp. nov. is described and illustrated. Identification keys to the genera, species and subspecies of the tribe Campsomerini from northern Vietnam and to the species of Sericocampsomeris Betrem, 1941 are presented. Lastly, we provide a checklist with 13 species and subspecies of Scoliidae from Vietnam.

Four new species of Sichuana Shen & Yin, 2020 are described based on morphological comparison and molecular analysis: S. planicercata sp. nov. , S. curvicercata sp. nov. , S. longilamina sp. nov. and S. magnicerca sp. nov. Specimens showed some intraspecific variation of male tegmina and subgenital plates. The genes COI and 16S were used to analyze the genetic distance between species and COI was used to analyze the phylogenetic relationship of Sichuana .

Larval mouthparts are significant organs for the individual development, morphologically related with feeding habits, and providing valuable characters for taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. In previous studies, larval mouthparts revealed two identifying characters of Notodontidae. However, the evolutionary driving force and exact definition of these structures remain unsatisfactory. In this study, the larval mouthparts of Euhampsonia cristata (Butler, 1877), Fentonia ocypete (Bremer, 1861), Phalera assimilis (Bremer & Grey, 1853), Nerice davidi Oberthür, 1881, Cerura erminea (Esper, 1783) and Furcula furcula (Clerck, 1759) are morphologically observed and compared using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The larval mouthparts of the six species are commonly equipped with paired maxillary sacs, congruent with the previous descriptions. However, the larval mouthparts of N. davidi are peculiar for bearing toothed mandibles, providing an exception of Notodontidae. Otherwise, the mouthparts exhibit morphological differences on mandibles, spinnerets, labral notches, and setal arrangements among the six species. The morphological diversity and the related feeding and pupation habits are briefly discussed.

Abstract The trechine beetle fauna (Coleoptera, Carabidae) of the Ethiopian Highlands is known to be highly diverse in species, and many species groups were recognized to be characterized by unusual character states of external and genital morphology. Earlier authors described several genera and subgenera of Ethiopian Trechina endemic to certain high mountains of the country. However, the relationships of these species groups and their evolutionary history are unknown so far. Here, we present the first molecular phylogenetic analysis of Ethiopian Trechina, detect several synonymic names under Trechus sensu lato, and introduce two new species groups to the country’s fauna: the monotypic genus Baehria Schmidt & Faille, gen. nov., with the type species B. separata sp. nov. from Mt. Choke in northern Ethiopia, and the Trechus subgenus Abunetrechus Schmidt & Faille, subgen. nov., with the type species T. bipartitus Raffray, 1885; this subgenus includes three species of northern Ethiopia. We show that the composition of the Ethiopian fauna is based on multiple events of immigration, which started simultaneously with or some million years after the Oligocene-Early Miocene orogenic events north and south of the Rift Valley. Our results support the habitat island hypothesis for the evolution of the Ethiopian highland fauna. We found no evidence for an alternative hypothesis assuming a close connection of the Trechina immigration to Ethiopia and Pleistocene cooling. We, thus, conclude that the geomorphological development rather than the climatic changes are the main drivers of the diversification of the high-altitude Trechina fauna in Ethiopia. Key Words Abunetrechus, Baehria, biogeography, checklist, mountains of East Africa, new species, new synonymy, phylogeny, Trechus

The Pterostichus macrogenys species group is an endemic subterranean Japanese carabid clade that provides intriguing material for studying morphological differentiation, speciation and interspecific relationships. However, its diversity remains not fully explored. We investigated specimens from northern Tohoku District, an area where knowledge of this species group is notably limited. Our research led to the description of three new species: P. namahage sp. nov. , P. kamurosanus sp. nov. and P. atsumidakensis sp. nov. We also updated distribution records for three known species: P. asahinus Habu & Baba, 1960; P. kitakamisanus Sasakawa, 2005; and P. chokaisanus Sasakawa, 2009. This report includes both the expanded distribution ranges of the known species and the discovery of a new sympatric species pair ( P. chokaisanus and P. asahinus ). We conducted a morphological phylogenetic analysis of all but one species, for which no male specimens were available, accounting for a total of 42 species within the group. The resulting phylogenetic tree implies that the initial differentiation of this species group originated on the Sea of Japan side, in the northern part of their current distribution, followed by dispersion to other areas and subsequent differentiation. Additionally, our findings indicate that sympatric species of varying body sizes are distantly related phylogenetically. These insights into the differentiation process align with regional distribution patterns of species-level diversity and sympatric sites.

The scorpionfly genus Sinopanorpa Cai & Hua, 2008 is endemic to the mountain regions of central China, currently consisting of four species: Sinopanorpa tincta (Navás, 1931), S. digitiformis Huang & Hua, 2008, S. nangongshana Cai & Hua, 2008, and S. baokangensis Wang, 2021. Here, the genus is taxonomically reviewed, with descriptions of two new species: Sinopanorpa minshanicola sp. nov. from the Minshan Mountains and Sinopanorpa shennongjiaica sp. nov. from the Shennongjia Mountains, increasing the species number of the genus to six. An updated key to species of Sinopanorpa is provided.

Females of the uncommon Antheraea compta Rothschild, 1899 were collected at the natural habitat in the Tibetan Sub-Himalayas, descendants of which were reared on Quercus yunnanensis (Fagaceae) successfully, with all the preimaginal instars recorded morphologically. Correlated characters revealed a close relationship between this taxon and New World Antheraea spp., suggesting more attention and protection towards this key species is necessary in the future.