DIGLOSIA Jurnal Kajian Bahasa Sastra dan Pengajarannya

This study aims to identify the strategies through which French-language profanity is translated into Indonesian by using a corpus of data drawn from the dialogues of the French film Banlieue 13 and its Indonesian subtitles. The data were collected through certain steps started with watching the film, noting each use of French-language profanity and its Indonesian translation, then classifying those data based on Davoodi's proposed categories of profanity translation strategies. This study finds that four strategies were used for translating French profanity to Indonesian: censorship (as in the term 'bordel', which was left untranslated), substitution (as in the term 'putain', translated as 'astaga'), taboo (as in the term 'merde', translated as 'sial'), and also euphemism (as in the term 'merde', translated as 'hal buruk'). Furthermore, the result shows that both French and Indonesian language profanity is often used in reference to situations and occupations considered taboo in society.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of distance learning during the Covid-19 pandemic in the management of English learning and to improve student achievement at SMA Muhammadiyah 3 Yogyakarta. The research approach used is descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques through interviews and observations. The research subjects were English teachers and deputy principals of SMA Muhammadiyah 3 Yogyakarta. The results of the study are as follows. First, English education planning is prepared based on subjects, competency standards, basic competencies, learning objectives, teaching modules, procedures, time allocation, learning activities, learning resources/equipment, and evaluation of distance education students' learning outcomes during the Covid- 19. Second, the implementation of education that the teacher is trying has been guided by the latest updated syllabus and online learning implementation plan. English teachers have practised innovative education during the Covid-19 pandemic, such as Google Classroom, Zoom, WhatsApp, and many more. Distance learning that the teacher applies is to open lessons, deliver modules or teaching materials two days before learning activities occur, and discuss learning with students where learning is student-centred. The educational process places more emphasis on the cognitive and psychomotor domains. Third, learning assessment uses pre-test and post-test when online education takes place. The evaluation method used in learning applies direct observation, carries out tests/exercises at the end of the lesson so that the teacher knows the weaknesses and measurements of each student. Learning support facilities at Muhammadiyah 3 High School Yogyakarta are equipped with a language laboratory to facilitate the implementation of learning English more effectively.

Teaching and learning drama in junior high schools is very important in increasing students' appreciation of literature and instilling character values. However, the Covid-19 pandemic has had an adverse impact on the implementation of drama learning in schools. This qualitative research describes teachers' learning tools during the Covid-19 pandemic, the implementation of drama learning, and the obstacles teachers face in implementing drama learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. The subjects of this research were junior high school Indonesian teachers in Singaraja City, Bali. Data was collected through documentation study techniques, interviews, and observation. The results showed that the drama learning tools made by Indonesian language teachers during the Covid-19 pandemic were complete and reflected the 21st-century learning tools. The implementation of drama learning was carried out online by utilizing the Google platform and other online media. The obstacle faced by teachers is the internet network which is often interrupted. The results of this study are very useful, especially as a learning strategy during times of crisis or implementing online language and literature learning.

In making a poem, elementary school children write metaphors in the scale of their understanding. In other words, the metaphors they wrote were natural, not exaggerated, and not too exaggerated. This study aims to analyze and describe the metaphorical imagery in Covid-19 poetry by elementary school children. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The data source used was in the form of five poems written by elementary school students in grade 6F which were obtained from the website of the Darussalam Batam Foundation. The results shows that the metaphor widely used in a Covid-19 poetry is anthropomorphic metaphor because children tend to compare things with similarities in their personal experiences.

This research aims to know the video-assisted note-taking guide method to improve the listening skills of elementary school 1st graders during the covid-19 pandemic. This study is a class action study. Teachers and elementary school 1st graders were the data sources for the study. The data collection techniques used are observations, interviews, and tests. The research procedures in each cycle are (1) action planning, (2) implementation of actions, (3) observations, (4) reflections. To analyze data using qualitative descriptive techniques and comparative descriptive. Based on the research that has been carried out, the research results can be known; namely, the improvement of listening skills of elementary school 1st-grade students after implementing the guide note-taking method assisted video. It is known that before being given the action, there are still many students who completed by 20%. After being given the action in cycle 1, students' grades increased by 75%. In this second cycle, all students have received complete grades.

This study aims to describe the structure of the text (text dimension), discourse practice (dimension of social practice), and sociocultural practice (sociocultural dimension) against the use of COVID-19 terms in online news. The research method used is qualitative descriptive The critical discourse analysis approach Norman Fairclough used to find the depth of meaning of news texts containing COVID-19 terms. The term data about COVID-19 is taken from three websites, namely Bisnis.com, Kompas.com, and Liputan6.com. Based on the results of the analysis, it was concluded that, first, the text structure in the form of advisories, information, and education about events (events) increasing COVID-19 cases and policy actions taken by the government to reduce COVID-19 cases. Second, discourse practices include the identity of the government and society. Third, the dimension of sociocultural practice indicates policies that impact: (a) the marginalization of society, (b) social dominance, and (c) social wrong because the policies implemented are not to the conditions of society. The results of this study are expected to provide a correct understanding of the use of COVID-19 terms in online news so that the public can be more critical in reading news in online media.

This research aims to (1) describe, (2) explain the impact, and (3) recommend terms used by the Governor of West Sumatra in dealing with the spread of Covid-19. This research was conducted by listening and noting terms in words, phrases, and sentences used by the Governor of West Sumatra, then analysing the term and presenting research results in explanatory sentences. The results showed that (1) the terms used by the Governor of West Sumatra consisted of three forms, namely words, phrases, and abbreviations; (2) the use of the term has an impact on the social, psychological, economic, and cultural conditions of the Minangkabau community; and (3) determine the number of appropriate terms in dealing with Covid-19.

The exploitation of nature and discrimination against women have similarities in unequal power relations. From an anthropocentric point of view, the exploitation of nature has relevance to the issue of feminism. It refers to the terminology of dualism hierarchy in the realm of ecofeminism. Nature and women occupy the same position, namely as objects of the oppressed. In this case, regime, capitalism, and masculinity become the dominant force that has a position as the oppressor. A Lady Caddy Who Never Saw a Hole in One (2013) is a short film that presents a form of perpetuating the issue of dualism hierarchy. The result from this research shows how a lady caddy figure becomes a symbol of the product and represents the exploitation of nature in the eviction of land for golf and luxury hotels. The patterns and symbols presented through the narrative structure and cinematographic aspects depict the relationship between capitalism, regimes, women, and nature which refer to the perpetuation of dualism hierarchy.

This study aims to describe affixation errors in the October 2022 edition of the Instagram @infojember social media caption. Qualitative research is the type of this research that uses a descriptive approach. The October 2022 edition of Instagram @infojember social media is the research data source. The data was used in the form of affixation errors that exist in the October 2022 edition of the @infojember caption. The reading and note-taking techniques were used in this research, namely by reading each caption critically; then, if it saw symptoms of affixation errors, it was recorded and grouped according to the indicators that had been made previously. The data analysis techniques by reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. The study's results found that there are still affixation errors in the October 2022 edition of Instagram @infojember social media, namely 15 errors, with details of 7 errors in prefix errors, 3 errors in suffix errors, and 5 errors in confix errors. The data found have the same types of errors, namely in the form of prefix omission, suffix omission, and confix omission.

This study aims to describe 21st-century skills in Indonesian language teaching modules for class X semester I of the independent curriculum created by educators at SMK Negeri 3 Pekanbaru. It is important because educators must develop independent curriculum teaching modules that integrate with 21st-century skills to prepare students to face the 21st-century era through a learning process that has been designed. This study used a qualitative approach with content analysis methods. Content analysis was conducted to find data on 21st-century skills in the Indonesian language teaching module document for the independence curriculum. Data collection techniques using documentation. The research data is in the form of learning activities and practice questions in the Indonesian language teaching module document, the independent curriculum. Data were analyzed using content analysis techniques consisting of three stages: data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results obtained in this research are century skill consisting of critical thinking skill found 45 times at 35.1%, communication found 63 at 49.2%, collaboration found 13 at 10.1%, creative and innovative found 7 at 5.4%, which is included in the Indonesian language teaching module class X independent curriculum at SMK Negeri 3 Pekanbaru.

This article examines the character values contained in the children's story series "Little Abid Balita Cerdas & Saleh" by the Cordoba Kids Team. This children's story series consists of seven stories that tell the commendable behavior of a child named Abid. This character can be a role model for children, especially toddlers in planting character in a family. By using a qualitative descriptive method, the character values contained in this children's story can be found, in relation to their representation in everyday life. The approach used in this study is the objective approach proposed by Abrams. Through this approach, the character values contained in the seven series of children's stories will be seen through text structure analysis. Through the structure of the text, the character values of the characters can be revealed. These values include: divinity (religion), tolerance, honesty, compassion, generosity, respect for parents, courtesy, and cooperation. These character values are very important in the pillars of children's character formation. These character values are also a form of strengthening children's literacy in the family, especially at the age of toddlers.

This study investigates the percentage of kinship level, separation time, and phonemic correspondence among Acehnese, Devayan, Sigulai, and Jamee languages by applying theories from Keraf (1996) and Crowley & Bowern (2010). Data was collected using interviewing, recording, listening, and note-taking techniques. Data analysis applied lexicostatistics and glottochronology techniques. The study's results indicated that Acehnese, Devayan, Sigulai, and Jamee languages were related. Based on the results of lexicostatistical calculations, it is known that the Acehnese-Devayan language, Acehnese-Jamee language, Devayan-Sigulai language, Devayan-Jamee language, and Sigulai-Jamee language can be grouped into (family) while Acehnese-Sigulai language is at the (stock) level. Acehnese and Devayan languages were a single language estimated between 2,054-2,458 years ago. Acehnese and Sigulai languages were a single language around 3,169-3,420 years ago, Acehnese and Jamee languages were a single language in 1,836 -2,206 years ago, Devayan and Sigulai languages were a single language in 1945 -2283 years ago, Devayan and Jamee were a single language in 2114-2,316 years ago, Sigulai and Jamee were a single language between 2,010-2.404 years ago. In addition, phonemic correspondences were also found within the four languages.

This study aims to identify and describe the prior text used as a reference text in writing the title Program Kreatifitas Mahasiswa 5 in the Field of Funding for the 2018 Fiscal Year. This research belongs to qualitative descriptive research that is naturalistic in nature. The data source used in this study is in the form of Program Kreatifitas Mahasiswa Title 5 Fields funded in 2018. The data generated in the form of words and sentences contained in the data source is Title Program Kreatifitas Mahasiswa 5 in Funding Budget Year 2018. Data analysis methods in the form of translational matching methods, abductive inference methods, and the referential equivalent method. Test the validity of the data using theory triangulation. The results of the study found the writing of Program Kreatifitas Mahasiswa Title 5 in Funding for the Fiscal Year 2018 is a transformation or adaptation text that utilizes several names of characters, including: (1) the names of public figures; (2) the name of the hero; (3) the name of an animated or fictional character; and (4) the name of the artist. The findings in this study indicate that the name of the artist as a reference text has a high appeal to attract readers.

This study aims to describe the form, function, and meaning of affix attached to the basic form of Benuaq language in Kampung Jengan Danum, Damai District, West Kutai Regency. This research is qualitative research with the technique of data analysis is BUL (Bagi Unsur Langsung) technique. This study was conducted in Kampung Jengan Danum, Damai District, West Kutai Regency. The research data is the entire word affixed spoken of native speakers Benuaq Kampung Jengan Danum. Data collection techniques used are recording techniques, cakap libat semuka technique, and simak cakap technique. The results showed that the Dayak Benuaq language in Kampung Jengan Danum has three forms affix, that is prefixes, suffixes, and combination of affixes. The prefixes are: {be-}, {pe-}, {peN-}, {te-}, and {N-}. The suffixes are: {tn}. The combination of affixes are: {ke- + N-} and {sek + N-}. The affix converts the categories of adjectives into verbs, verbs into adjectives, nouns into verbs, and nouns into adjectives. The meaning of the affixation of the Benuaq Dayak’s basic word is to declare an action, result of, a job, and to say to do work. ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk, fungsi, dan makna afiks yang melekat pada bentuk dasar bahasa Dayak Benuaq di Kampung Jengan Danum, Kecamatan Damai, Kabupaten Kutai Barat. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik BUL (Bagi Unsur Langsung). Peneitian ini dilakukan di Kampung Jengan Danum, Kecamatan Damai, Kabupaten Kutai Barat. Data penelitian ini adalah seluruh kata berafiks yang dituturkan dari penutur asli Dayak Benuaq di Kampung Jengan Danum. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik rekam, teknik cakap libat semuka, dan teknik simak cakap. Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa Bahasa Dayak Benuaq Kampung Jengan Danum diketui memiliki tiga bentuk afiks, yaitu prefiks, sufiks, dan kombinasi afiks. Bentuk prefiks, yaitu: {be-}, {pe-}, {peN-}, dan {te-}. Bentuk sufiks, yaitu: {-tn}. Sedangkan kombinasi afiks, yaitu: {ke- + N-}dan {se- + N-}. Afiks tersebut berfungsi mengubah kategori kata adjektiva menjadi verba, verba menjadi adjetiva, nomina menjadi verba, dan nomina menjadi adjektiva. Makna yang muncul akibat pembubuhan afiks dengan kata dasar ialah menyatakan tindakan, menyatakan akibat, menyatakan pekerjaan, menyatakan sedang melakukan suatu pekerjaan.

This study aims to describe the affixation of Madurese verbs in the Pamekasan dialect of low speech level based on the perspective of derivation and inflexion. The data of this research is in the form of Pamekasan dialect Madurese verbs. The data sources in this study were 10 informants who were native speakers of the Pamekasan Madura dialect, which were determined using the snowball sampling technique. Data collection is done by using the interview method with elicitation techniques. The data obtained were then analyzed through three stages: the data reduction stage, the data presentation stage, and the conclusion preparation stage. The results showed three processes of verb-forming affixation in the Pamekasan dialect of Madura, including prefixation, suffixation, and confixation. Based on the data, it was found that several affixes that make up Pamekasan dialect Madurese verbs, including prefixes ma–, a–, ta–, N–, –, pa–, pa–, nga–, and ka–, suffixes –a, – aghi, and –è, and the confixes a–aghi, N–aghi, N–è, ma–aghi, –aghi, ma–ana, –è, a–an, ma–è, and ma–an. This affixation is divided into inflectional affixation, transpositional derivational affixation, and non-transpositional derivational affixation.

Language cannot be separated from culture. In fact, language is the cultural expression of a nation. An agrarian culture in Indonesian has undergone internalization, giving birth to new words and phrases. The results of this study show several words and phrases which are idioms in Indonesian with the process of internalization of agrarian culture. The words and phrases of the agrarian culture can be found in agricultural terms, for example lahan basah, membanting tulang, memeras keringat, panen, mencairkan, and others. These words and phrases have blended in people's minds and expressed everyday culture. Who knows who started and where it came from. However, the Indonesian language user community has accepted these terms as ancestral cultural heritage. Understanding idioms seems difficult if you only understand the meaning of conventions from Indonesian speakers. The semantic load contained in the concept of idioms is too long a derivative chain. Therefore, this paper bridges Indonesian language users to understand the concept of Indonesian idioms which is an internalization of the Indonesian agrarian culture itself.

This article describes nationalist character value and mutual cooperation character value in the novel “Guru Aini” by Andrea Hirata. The approach of this study is qualitative descriptive. The data in this study are words, phrases, and sentences that contain nationalist character value and mutual cooperation character value in the novel “Guru Aini” by Andrea Hirata. The data source of this study is the novel “Guru Aini” by Andrea Hirata. The data collected in this study used the documentation method, observation, and note-taking technique. The data analysis in this study used the referential equivalent method. This study showed three nationalist character values and five mutual cooperation character values in the novel “Guru Aini” by Andrea Hirata. The three nationalist character values, namely the character of self-sacrifice, the character of excellence and achievement, and the character of discipline. The five mutual cooperation character values were found, namely the character of respect, the character of help, the character of empathy, the character of anti-discrimination, and the character of volunteerism. The dominant character value in the novel is the character of volunteerism.

This study was conducted with the aims of (1) developing teaching materials to write short with storyboard media on high school students; (2) make a lesson plan of writing short story with storyboard media at grade X of high school students; (3) implementation of writing short story with storyboard media at rade X of high school students; (4) knowing the effectiveness of teaching materials in writing short story by using storyboard media at grade X of high school students. This study need a development research method adapted from the Borg and Gall development model with 10 stages beginning with needs analysis, planning, initial product development, initial product revision, product trial, product revision, small field trial, revision product, operational field test (large group), final product revision, and product dissemination and implementation. Based on the data analysis, it was concluded that the teaching materials to write short story with the developed storyboard media was considered feasible and effective to be used as teaching materials for Bahasa Indonesia at Grade X of high school students.

Textbooks have a very important function in education because they facilitate the teaching and learning process for teachers and learners. Teaching material is considered good if it contains educational content that facilitates learners learning actively and independently. This research was conducted to evaluate the use of Cosmopolite 1 textbooks in learning French in the French Literature Study Program at Padjadjaran University. The study was conducted using a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, and data were collected in January 2020 through filling out questionnaires and literature studies, for later review descriptively. The lecturer respondents consisted of three people who supported Basic French, while the student respondents consisted of thirty people who were chosen based on the lecturers' recommendations. The evaluation results showed that the Cosmopolite 1 was rated positively by the lecturer and student respondents. Besides, the book fulfils the criteria of self-instructional, self-contained, stand-alone, adaptive, and user friendly. The recommendation made from this research is that an evaluation should always be carried out on all elements of learning, including textbooks.

This study explores the need for teaching materials to write descriptive texts based on local wisdom through the Fishbone strategy. The method used is ex post facto with Miles & Huberman analysis techniques and data collection techniques through questionnaires. The results of the material analysis, the average value was 3.57 with 71% with three indicators (1) analysis of learning strategy needs on the material averaged 3.52 to 70%, (2) analysis of the need for completeness of teaching materials 3.59 with 71%, and (3) analysis of the need for language rules on the material the average value is 3.69 with 73%. Then for the teaching material analysis, the average value is 3.40 with 68% with four indicators (1) analysis of the needs of learning strategies in teaching material with an average value of 3.10 with 62%, (2) analysis of the need for availability of teaching material with an average value of 3.41 with 68%, (3) analysis of the need for language principles in teaching material the average value is 3.55 with 71%, and (4) analysis of needs for evaluation of teaching material is 3.53 to 70%. It is categorized as useful but needs to be redeveloped through a fishbone strategy for maximum results to achieve an excellent category in teaching material innovation.

The purpose of this study is to produce teaching materials that can enhance the creativity of the learning process, increase development and improve the quality of the application of the development of cooperative models of the type of Round Table with audio media in improving the learning outcomes of writing the description of class X high school students. This research is a research development or Research & Development (R&D). Research and Development is a research method used to produce certain products and test the effectiveness of these products. The results of the study can be concluded from the analysis of teaching material scores by material expert teachers and media expert teachers obtained an average score of 4.74 or 94.74% of the maximum average score of 5.00 with a very good collection. The application of the development of teaching materials in the excellent category is 29 or 90.62% of the students' attention to the material delivered and student activity is included in the excellent category of 30 or 93.75% of students. The quality of the application of the development of cooperative learning model teaching materials of the round table type in learning 100% with very good assessment and the results of post-test analysis of 96.87% indicate whether the learning tools used have practical qualities and the learning devices developed have effective qualities according with student completeness of more than 75%.

This research has some purposes: (1) describing the design for development of teaching materials for writing short story based on students’ experience, (2) describing the learning implementation of writing short story based on students’ experience, and (3) measuring the quality of teaching materials for writing short story based on students’ experience which is marked from validity, practicality, and effectivity. This research uses research and development method adapted from ten development methods by Borg & Gall consist of necessary analysis, plan, product initial draft organization, product design validity test, product design revision, trial I, product revision II, trial II, final product revision, and dissemination and implementation. The developed teaching materials quality could be seen from the validity test result which shows 90% as the material score, 88% as language score, 89% as presentation score, and 90% as graphics score which result 90% as the average value that means very valid criteria. The result of practicality test could be seen from the score of RPP (lesson plan) implementation which shows 92%, teachers’ response score which shows 89%, and students’ response score which shows 87% that result 89% as the average value which means very practical criteria. The result of effectivity test could be seen from teachers’ activity score which shows 93%, students’ activity score which shows 92%, and the result of students’ short story writing which shows 81% that result 89% as the average that means very effective criteria. Therefore, the researcher concludes the result for development of teaching materials for writing short story based on vocational high school (SMK) students’ experience is stated very valid, very practical, and very effective for used as teaching materials for writing short story based on vocational high school (SMK) grade XI students’ experience.

This study aims to develop thematic teaching materials based on interactive multimedia to improve students' listening skills. This study used the research and development model of Borg and Gall (1983). The multimedia-based thematic teaching materials developed were validated by linguists, media experts and graphic experts. The stages of testing teaching materials consist of small group trials and field trials. The validation of material experts was 87.5%; the results of the validation of linguists were 82.5%; the results of the validation of graphic experts were 87.5%. Based on data and student response questionnaires, learning multimedia-based teaching materials can attract students' interest. Student learning outcomes show a positive status. Thus, the product that can be developed is useful in the learning of fourth-grade elementary school students.

This research aims to produce teaching materials, describing the feasibility and effectiveness of teaching materials writing short stories with a contextual approach based on local wisdom in XI grade students of SMK Negeri 1 Kota Bangun. This research is a model of research and development. The data sources in this study are obtained from the development, implementation of learning, quality of products of development results, material development process, and material preparation. Data analysis techniques include measuring student writing test results, student response measurement, validation and planning assessment. This research resulted in teaching materials to write short stories with a contextual approach based on local wisdom for vocational class XI students. The feasibility of teaching materials is obtained from validation results by language experts (93.75%). The media experts (88%) category is very feasible with ready-to-use product decisions in the field without revision. The effectiveness of teaching materials can be seen from the results of the observer assessment, which is 3.65 classified very well. Furthermore, the teacher response calculation was 96.73%, and the student response was obtained at 88.94%, classified as very feasible with ready-to-use product decisions in the field without revision. The short story writing test results yielded an average score of 85.9%, included in the excellent category. Test results write short stories on background aspects (100%), themes (97.5%) and language usage (90.83%) fall into the category very well. Thus, teaching books writing short stories with a contextual approach based on local wisdom can be used in the learning process for vocational students in XI grade.

The learning process using teaching materials is an effective way for teachers to deliver material to students. This study's teaching materials' development aims to produce teaching materials for writing news texts on eighth-grade junior high school students. The developed teaching material validity is seen from developing, implementing and measuring the effectiveness of the teaching material. The research method used is the Borg and Gall's Research and Development. Data collection techniques used were questionnaires and observations. Data analysis uses descriptive qualitative analysis and descriptive statistical analysis. The process of developing the materials was based on experts' validation of the materials, the language, and the product's graphic. The material experts' validation result showed a value of 77.5% and 92.5% in the very feasible category. The linguists' validation results showed a value of 72% and 92% in the very feasible category. The graphic experts showed a value of 78% and 92.8% included in the very feasible category. In this study, the product trial subjects were students of class VIII of junior high school and were carried out with small class trials and field trials. Through a small group and field test results, the effectiveness of teaching materials from assessing student responses was the average value of 3.23 (82.8%) on average value or good category. Student learning outcomes show an overall grade point average of 83.8 (100%). This shows that the quality of student learning based on teaching materials in writing news is very good. From the data obtained, the developed teaching materials are suitable for use.

This research has some purposes: (1) describing the design for development of teaching materials for writing short story based on students’ experience, (2) describing the learning implementation of writing short story based on students’ experience, and (3) measuring the quality of teaching materials for writing short story based on students’ experience which is marked from validity, practicality, and effectivity. This research uses research and development method adapted from ten development methods by Borg & Gall consist of necessary analysis, plan, product initial draft organization, product design validity test, product design revision, trial I, product revision II, trial II, final product revision, and dissemination and implementation. The developed teaching materials quality could be seen from the validity test result which shows 90% as the material score, 88% as language score, 89% as presentation score, and 90% as graphics score which result 90% as the average value that means very valid criteria. The result of practicality test could be seen from the score of RPP (lesson plan) implementation which shows 92%, teachers’ response score which shows 89%, and students’ response score which shows 87% that result 89% as the average value which means very practical criteria. The result of effectivity test could be seen from teachers’ activity score which shows 93%, students’ activity score which shows 92%, and the result of students’ short story writing which shows 81% that result 89% as the average that means very effective criteria. Therefore, the researcher concludes the result for development of teaching materials for writing short story based on vocational high school (SMK) students’ experience is stated very valid, very practical, and very effective for used as teaching materials for writing short story based on vocational high school (SMK) grade XI students’ experience.

This study aims to determine (1) the design of comic-based teaching materials; (2) the feasibility of comic-based teaching materials; and (3) the effectiveness of comic-based teaching materials. The scope of this development is limited only to planning, materials, and evaluation in the learning process. The method used in this development research is the R&D (Research and Development) research and development method, which is a type of method used to produce certain products and test the effectiveness of these products. This R&D method uses the Brog and Gall development research design adapted by Sugiyono. The data collection technique used a questionnaire in the form of a questionnaire and a test of the ability to paraphrase the hikayat text into a short story. After the final trial, students' learning completeness in learning to paraphrase the text of a hikayat into a short story was 88.23%. The developed teaching materials were declared very feasible through material expert tests (91.66%), media/design experts stated that they were very feasible (88.88%), and educational practitioners stated that they were very feasible (87.5%). Therefore, comic teaching material in learning to paraphrase hikayat text into short stories can be used as a supporting source in the learning process.

Research on the development of teaching materials for writing descriptions using the learning model of Circuit learning needs to be done because teachers and students have difficulty learning the process of writing descriptions. This study aims (1) to find out the process of developing teaching materials in writing descriptions by using the Circuit Learning model (2) to measure the quality of teaching materials writing descriptions using circuit learning methods assessed from the validity and effectiveness. This study applies research and development methods conducted at Nabil Husen Middle School Samarinda. The results of development research can be seen from the validation results, namely material validation with a value of 88, graphic validation with a value of 86 and a validation of language values with a value of 97 with very valid criteria. The effectiveness test results seen from the implementation of the lesson plan, the teacher's response value 93, the students' response value 93 and the value of the description writing test results obtained an average value of 88 with very effective criteria. Thus, the research development of teaching material writing descriptions by using the learning model of circuit learning in class VII students is very valid and effective.

The purpose of this study (1) to test the development of poetry writing teaching materials planning with a combination of demonstration models and class VIII word giving techniques in junior high school; (2) test the feasibility of the design of poetry writing teaching materials with a combination of demonstration models and class VIII word grammar techniques; and (3) testing the effectiveness of developing poetry writing teaching materials with a combination of demonstration models and class VIII word syllabic techniques. This development research refers to the 10 stages of Borg & Gall which are simplified into 3 stages, namely information gathering, product manufacturing planning, and product development. The results showed that the development of planning poetry writing teaching materials with a combination of demonstration models and class VIII word syllabary techniques has 14 important parts. The average score of assessment and validation by media experts, material experts, and Indonesian language teachers was obtained 4.43, this value means teaching poetry writing material with a combination of demonstration models and class VIII word giving techniques is very suitable to be used as an independent teaching material for students Class VIII Middle School. The results of the trial evaluation and validation of each aspect obtained an average score of 4.58, this value means the teaching material of writing poetry with a combination of demonstration models and class VIII wordbearing techniques is very effective according to the responses of students of class VIII SMP.

This study aimed to describe an effort to make Pancasila ideology and Ajeg Bali principle a reality made by Bali Post and opinion contents published in Bali Post daily newspaper. This study was qualitative descriptive research. The data source was opinion articles taken from Bali Post daily newspaper from January to March 2021. The focus of this study was the effort in making Pancasila ideology and Ajeg Bali principle a reality as represented in opinion articles and opinion contents that were published. The data were collected by using a document recording method. The data were analyzed with the inductive method. The results of the study are as follows. The effort to make Pancasila and Ajeg Bali principle become a reality in the publication of opinion articles in Bali Post daily newspaper was made by selecting writers opinions that dealt with various fields of development that were directed toward Indonesia’s national development since they were based on Pancasila ideology and those that were directed toward local development of Bali in particular since the development was based on Ajeg Bali principle. The number of publications that had the national characteristic was 27 (38.57%), and that of those that had the local characteristic was 43 (61.43%) due to the existence of Bali Post daily newspaper as local mass media committed to Ajeg Bali. The selection of the writers’ opinions was based on the qualifications of the opinion writers in their fields., that is, from established academicians and from experienced people in the fields they wrote in. The opinion writers come to form Bali and outside Bali. The fields of the ideas of opinions that were published in Bali Post daily newspaper are consecutive as follows: education 18 (25.71%), cultural art/ custom 15 (21.42%), economics 14 (20%), health 5 (7.14%), tourism 4 (5.71%), agriculture 4 (5.71%), law 4 (5.71%), religion 3 (4.26%), and resources 3 (4.28%). The publications or opinions in Bali Post daily newspaper are consistent with the ideology that it upholds, that is, Pancasila and Ajeg Bali principles. The opinion articles are suitable for use as learning material in opinion writing and analyzing text elements of authentic and contextual opinion texts.

One of Javanese literature attached to Javanese people is the story of Ajisaka, which was published among the people in verbal and writing. Ajisaka is a Javanese figure whom the Javanese people consider as the originator of Javanese script. One of the recorded of the story of Ajisaka was the Serat Ajisaka written by J. Kats using Javanese script. Serat Ajisaka is one of the stories from a collection of stories in the book entitled Serat Jawi Tanpa Sekar written by J. Kats, a Dutch writer in 1942. This research aims to describe the cultural values in Serat Ajisaka by J. Kats in 1942 using philology studies. This research uses the descriptive method conducted in three stages, the first stage transcribing data, the second stage transliterating Latin script containing Javanese into Indonesian, then analyzing the cultural value in Serat Ajisaka. Serat Ajisaka has several concepts of cultural values, namely: 1) educational values, 2) religious values, 3) leadership values, 4) heroism values, 5) courage values, 6) simplicity values, 7) mutual-cooperation values, 8) moral values, and 9) the value of sacrifice for others.

This research discusses the great turmoil that occurred in October 2022 in the education environment of Samarinda City regarding the issue of removing teacher incentives. Thousands of teachers carried out demonstrations using written language contained in slogans. Slogans were used to protest against the circular letter from the Mayor of Samarinda concerning the alignment of incentives for teachers and education personnel. Critical discourse analysis was conducted to understand the meaning of the written language in the demonstration's slogan. Observation techniques, unstructured interviews, and photo documentation were also used as supporting methods in data collection. The research uses Norman Fairclough's three-dimensional analysis, which uses three main dimensions: the text, discourse, and social practice. This three-dimensional analysis can provide a more comprehensive and critical understanding of slogan language in a broader social, political, and cultural context. It can help reveal the power, meaning, and social implications of slogans and understand how slogans influence action and change in society.

This study aims to look at the effect of an active learning strategy type giving questions and getting answers to Indonesian primary school students' learning outcomes. This study uses an experimental research method in which there are treatments for the control class and the experimental class. The final results of the study showed the results of the analysis of the influence of active learning strategies type giving a question and getting an answer to the results of Indonesian language learning of third-grade students at SDN 002 Sungai Pinang, Samarinda City in the affective domain had an average affective assessment in the good predicate. This can be seen from the results of the hypothesis test thitung is 1.208 with ttable is 2.006 so that it can be written tcount <ttable (1.208 <2.006), which can be interpreted as Ha is rejected and H0 is accepted. Based on research results in the cognitive realm have the final test results (post-test), the experimental class obtained an average value of 77.69, the highest value of 100 and the lowest value of 60. The final test results (post-test), the control class obtained an average value of 49.64, the highest value is 80, and the lowest value is 20. This can also be seen through the hypothesis test results using the t test (independent sample t test), the tcount = 10.175 and ttable = 1.67. Hypothesis test tcount> ttable (10,175> 1,67). Based on the description, it can be concluded that there is an influence of active learning strategy type giving a question and getting an answer to Indonesian students' learning outcomes in the cognitive realm of class III in SDN 002 Sungai Pinang Samarinda City in 2019/2020. Hence, it shows that the hypothesis is accepted.

Activity after reading (post-reading) is the stage where a reader responds to what he has read. At this stage, it is hoped that there will be changes from readers, changes in mindset, understanding, and increasing knowledge. This study describes the implementation of activities after reading carried out by students independently and structured. This research is a descriptive survey. Data were obtained from questionnaires distributed to 246 students and 11 lecturers of the Indonesian Language and Literature Education Departments, Raja Ali Haji Maritime University. The findings are, first, the majority of students read fiction when reading independently. After reading, students carry out various activities such as recording quotes, summarizing readings, recording difficult vocabulary, and discussing. Second, when reading in a structured way, students read a lot of non-fiction, such as reference books, scientific articles, research reports, handouts. Activities carried out after structured reading are writing activities such as summarizing, compiling presentation materials, writing reports, and writing reviews. However, students' have obstacles when completing activities after reading, such as difficulty in concluding readings, understanding sentences, and reading vocabulary there that the expected results after reading are not optimal. These obstacles cause students to only rewrite (copy-paste) readings. Students have not yet reached the stage of how critical reading and building their mindset.

This research contains an analysis of the "Seandainya Aku Boleh Memilih" novel by Mira W, which tells of various aspects of life in a civilized environment. In the novel, there are various social problems, so it is fulfilled to research social deviations. Structural functionalism's theory of social deviance sees deviant behavior as a result of social structural pressures. The focus of this research is to describe the manifestations of social deviance behavior and the factors that cause these social deviations, which are constructed in the "Seandainya Aku Boleh Memilih" novel by Mira W. It includes the type of literature research with a qualitative descriptive approach based on the study of the sociology of literature. Data was collected through reading and note-taking techniques which produced data in the form of dialogue or monologue and narration from the data source of the novel entitled "Seandainya Aku Boleh Memilih" by Mira W. This research succeeded in deciphering the types of social deviance from the novel, namely sexual deviance, crime, and lifestyle deviance. While the factors that cause these social deviations are the inability to absorb cultural norms and deviant learning processes.

The purpose of this study is to describe elitist language on the Humor Recehku Instagram account, namely (1) non-standard word forms; (2) abbreviated forms that cause non-standard; and (3) word forms from foreign languages. The method used in this research is the descriptive method. The data collection technique was done by observing and taking notes. Data analysis used Miles and Huberman qualitative analysis, namely data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions and levers. This research leads to the content analysis “content analysis”. The data in this study are in the form of words, phrases, and sentences that experience language shifts in an elitist form. The results of this study indicate that there is a language shift in the case of using elitist language in the Humor Recehku Instagram account. First, non-standard word forms include non-standard words without a play (emang, gini, telfon, sampe, ngerasa dan sebagainya); non-standard words with a pun (Oktrouble dan gw); and non-standard words weakening phonemes (males, denger, bener-bener, ye, cakep, anjeng, kecapean, dan temen). Second, abbreviations that cause non-standard abbreviated standard words (sm, org, krn, dan trs); and abbreviated non-standard words (not and yesterday2). Third, foreign language words are divided into (typing, excuse, mood and so on); phrase (self-reminder, close friend IG); and sentences (is the best kind of sleep, oh well honey, you keep your small circle, and friend with many but trust any).

Natural spirituality is the harmony of the human soul with nature in order to maintain and preserve the universe. It needs to be nurtured and strengthened in humans so as not to exalt destructive nature so that there is a need for nature-based education through literary forms in every child's growth process. The focus of this study is to describe the picture of natural spirituality and informal education through natural spirituality, which is constructed in the novel "Mata dan Rahasia Pulau Gapi" by Okky Madasari. The study uses a qualitative approach, text study methods, and literary ecology studies. Data collection uses reading and note-taking techniques. The data are in the form of narration, dialogue, or monologue. The results of this study: (a) the description of natural spirituality in the form of the nature of the centre of life, the realm of the reminder of death, the realm of spiritual reality, the nature of the source of life depicted in the characters of the novel; (b) the novel contains informal education through natural spirituality that fosters love, trust, and respect for the universe. It is a form of strengthening to eliminate the destructive nature that has damaged many universes.

This research focuses on the problematics of Kalimantan's natural resource wealth in the poem "Di Sini" by Dahri Dahlan. The research used semantic theory and Roland Barthes's semiotics as the basis of analysis. The purpose of this research is to analyze the meaning contained in the language of the poem. In-depth interpretation is carried out by analyzing the language of poetry through denotation meaning, connotation meaning, and the relationship of cultural elements. This research is a literature study with a qualitative descriptive approach. The object of research is the poem "Here" contained in the poetry collection " Hal-Hal yang Pergi" by Dahri Dahlan. The data were obtained using listening and note-taking techniques. The results of the study outline two important meanings, (1) Dahri's poem "Di Sini" can be interpreted as a representation of loss and helplessness; and (2) Dahri Dahlan's poem "Di Sini" shows the wealth of natural resources as a form of real damage and loss.

One of the negative impacts of social media is the rise of language wars. Investigators involve linguists in handling language cases as evidence. In addition to considering lingual elements, linguists also need to pay attention to extralingual elements. One of the extralingual elements can be identified with SPEAKING Dell Hymes. Analysis of social media language needs to pay attention to the virtual extralingual context. This study aims to reveal the virtual extralingual context on social media. The results of this study are useful in the study of forensic linguistics. This research uses the descriptive qualitative method. Research data in language use in social media and language reports as legal evidence. The data sources are social media and police reports which are collected with documentation, listening, and followed by note-taking techniques. Data analysis used the extralingual equivalent method. The results show that each social media has language use characteristics that are influenced by user segments and service features. These characteristics will continue to change following the development of social media features and services. The virtual context of one social media cannot be used to understand the context of another social media. The forensic linguistic analysis makes the results of the analysis scientifically and legally accountable. It is based on the consideration that every result of language analysis as legal evidence made by linguists impacts one's fate.

This study aims to identify the content of extortion and threats in messages sent by collectors from PT (reported) to NT (whistleblower). This research uses the descriptive qualitative method. The research data is in the form of the use of language as legal evidence sourced from the statements of police investigators. The data analysis technique uses an interactive model. Data analysis used content analysis with the theory of critical discourse analysis, sociopragmatics, and semiotics of Roland Barthes. The analysis results show that the PT application collector should be suspected of having threatened and blackmailed NT to immediately make loan payments to the PT application even though NT felt that it had fulfilled its obligations. In addition, the unclear lending status is detrimental to NT as a debtor. The collector forced NT to immediately make several payments, accompanied by several consequences for distributing personal data, vulgar photos, and physical threats to NT and her family. The use of threats usually accompanies blackmail.

Culture in BIPA learning as a tool of cultural diplomacy has become an interesting theme for researchers. The cultural aspect of BIPA is also related to the cultural closeness of BIPA students to the place where they study (the area/city where BIPA is studied in Indonesia). This study aimed to identify and describe the use of the Sodoran Tengger tradition in BIPA learning of B2 level activities to increase Indonesian knowledge competence. This research is a qualitative type with a descriptive method. The use of descriptive analysis methods is carried out to describe the facts, which are then studied with the relevant theory. The results of this study are the use of the Tengger Sodoran dance as BIPA teaching material and the use of traditional sodoran fairy tales as BIPA teaching materials. Utilizing Sodoran Tengger's local tradition material on aspects of the meaning of dance moves and fairy tales is an innovative and interesting choice for BIPA class teachers. The existing aspects can be explored and collaborated into various fun learning activities. Besides improving linguistic competence, it is also a means of introducing local Tengger culture (Javanese culture) to BIPA students.

This study aims to describe (1) the speech acts of adolescents as an only child in daily interactions in class, (2) the variety of politeness in speech acts in the language of adolescents as an only child in daily interactions in class, (3) supporting factors and speech act inhibiting factors in the speaking ability of adolescents as an only child in speaking ability. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, questionnaires, observation and documentation. The research approach is descriptive qualitative. Data validity analysis used triangulation. Data analysis techniques, namely using content analysis include data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that first, based on the form of delivery, direct and indirect speech acts were found. In addition, based on the disclosure of meaning, it was found that literal and non-literal speech acts were found. There were many differences in speech acts performed between the main object and the object of comparison. Second, there are quite different kinds of politeness between the main object and the object of comparison. Third, the main object has two supporting factors, namely the work background of the parents and the use of language. Whereas in the inhibiting factor, the main object has two inhibiting factors, namely politeness and activity.

This study aimed to examine the variation in children's language in mixed marriages between Buton Cia-Cia Laporo and Banjar in Samarinda City. The research method uses qualitative methods. The research location is in Sungai Dama Village, Samarinda City. Data collection techniques in the form of observation, documents, and interviews. Data collection, reduction, presentation, analysis, and concluding are data analysis techniques. The study results can be classified based on the language variation of children in mixed marriages, Buton Cia-Cia Laporo and Banjar. First, the speaker aspect consists of: (1) dialect; (2) idiolect; and (3) sociolect, which includes colloquial and the use of variations of Indonesian and Butonese Cia-Cia Laporo with the influence of Banjarese dialects. Second, the formal aspect consists of (1) casual variety, (2) familiar variety, and (3) the variety of businesses, and generally, the children use the Butonese Cia-Cia Laporo and Banjar languages. The three aspects of use consist of (1) the field of education; (2) the health sector in the form of a series of vocabulary, phrases and acronyms. Fourth, the aspect of facilities is a variety of spoken language characterized by non-linguistic elements.

Literature and character education are two things that can not be separated. Literature as a reflection of the life of the community generally teaches the reader to be able to understand the wisdom of the displayed story. Literature can be used as a medium of learning, especially in the process of internalization of the value of character education to learners. The value of character education in the literary work is expected to be followed by the students. Currently, Indonesia is experiencing moral degradation. The need for moral cultivation to the learners aims to create human beings who are virtuous in the future. Each subject has the right to internalize character education to learners. So in the Indonesian language, the process of characterization of character education can be done when learning on literary materials. This study aims to describe the value of character education in Solopos children's stories. this research is included in qualitative descriptive research. The results of this study concluded that in the story Solopos child, there is a value of character education that can be taught to learners, especially at the elementary school level. The results showed that this child's story can be used as a reference for teachers, as a medium to internalize character education at the elementary school level. Sastra dan pendidikan karakter merupakan dua hal yang tidak dapat dipisahkan. Sastra sebagai cerminan kehidupan masyarakat, umumnya mengajarkan kepada pembaca untuk dapat memahami hikmah dari cerita yang ditampilkan. Sastra dapat digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran, terutama dalam proses penginternalisasian nilai pendidikan karakter kepada peserta didik. Nilai pendidikan karakter dalam karya sastra tersebut diharapkan dapat diteladani oleh peserta didik. Saat ini Indonesia sedang mengalami degradasi moral. Perlunya penanaman moral kepada peserta didik bertujuan untuk menciptakan manusia yang berbudi pekerti di masa depan. Setiap mata pelajaran memiliki hak untuk menginternalisasikan pendidikan karakter kepada peserta didik. Maka dalam bahasa Indonesia, proses penginternalisasian pendidikan karakter dapat dilakukan ketika pembelajaran pada materi kesastraan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendiskripsikan nilai pendidikan karakter dalam cerita anak Solopos. penelitian ini termasuk dalam penelitian diskrptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa dalam cerita anak Solopos, terdapat nilai pendidikan karakter yang dapat diajarkan kepada peserta didik terutama pada jenjang sekolah dasar. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa cerita anak ini dapat digunakan sebagai rujukkan bagi guru, sebagai media untuk menginternalisasikan pendidikan karakter pada jenjang sekolah dasar.

This study aims to know the perspective of Gen Z in understanding the discourse contained in social media. The perspective means the ability to change Gen z’s perspective in understanding the text on social media, the ability to see points of view, focus on a developing issue, and describe how to take action after understanding a discourse. The research method used the quantitative method. Respondents of this research are Gen Z, who are active in youth organizations. Data collection techniques are observation and questionnaire. The results showed that Gen Z had detected a discourse that contains partiality to certain interests by providing a different perspective. It can be seen in the positive response on the average instrument (mean) above 53%; able to provide a more neutral point of view with the number of positive responses on the average instrument above (mean) 51%; able to see a developing issue in a discourse that has a tendency from the author with a positive response above 56%; and able to take action from the discourse that has been read with an average positive response above 59%.

Cases of violence against children in the East Kalimantan region have reached 1,386 complaints since 2019. Through critical discourse, it can be seen how the language of the media conveys information to readers through the emphasis on actors positioned in the text. This qualitative descriptive research emphasizes documentary analysis by reviewing published written sources, namely the news entitled “Kisah Pilu Korban Pemerkosaan Dipaksa Menikah dengan Pelaku”. Based on the discourse strategy used by the author, it can be seen that this “heartbreaking story of a rape victim” becomes the object of the story. It is evidenced by the use of markers such as a child, sexual violence, forced marriage, rape, exacerbating trauma, and the victim getting worse. The news is presented based on events that emerged because of the description of other actors as the storyteller's subject, not based on the victim's information about what he experienced. The news text reveals a picture of the position of the subject and the object of the story so that it can determine the way the text is presented to the reader. The news text contains a gender bias because the incident is not told from the perspective of women as victims.

The Minimum Competency Assessment (AKM) measures literacy achievement to map the quality of education in Indonesia with international standards. This AKM aims to identify student achievements when working on AKM questions in terms of the reading literacy process. The importance of AKM training is to improve teacher skills in developing learning frameworks that lead to students' reasoning in literacy. This study aims to determine the cognitive level of reading literacy AKM at SMK Negeri 3 Pekanbaru. This research method is content analysis with a qualitative approach. The analysis uses qualitative methods to interpret the cognitive level of the items. Based on the study results, the instrument question classification I percentage was 80% for C2 (Understanding); and 20% for C4 (Analysis). The percentage of instrument II questions is 74% for C2 (Understanding), 22% for C4 (Analysis), and 3% for C6 (Create). The cognitive level dominates the lower level, namely C2 (Understanding). While cognitive levels such as C1 (Remembering), C3 (Applying), C4 (Analyzing), C5 (Creating), and C6 (Evaluating) were found to be very few and had not even appeared in the AKM Reading Literacy question at SMK Negeri 3 Pekanbaru.

This research is a cognitive semantic analysis and uses descriptive qualitative methods. The problems discussed in this study are the types of conceptual metaphors, namely (1) structural metaphors, (2) orientational metaphors, (3) metaphors. The theory used is the conceptual metaphor from Lakoff & Johnson (2003) as the main theory and the image scheme from Cruse & Croft (2004) theory. The data is taken from the Gontor magazine with the theme of "rihlah" (traveling). Based on the analysis conducted, 11 conceptual metaphor data were found, with the following details: seven structural metaphors are the concepts of the meaning of decoration, protection, limb, the taste of food, expenditure, nature, and fame; one orientational metaphor with the concept of the meaning of quality; and three ontological metaphors with the concept of well-known meaning, heredity, and quality of goods. The image schemes found were one power/control scheme, two existence/process schemes, two identity/conformity schemes, and six existence/object schemes.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the language errors contained in the job application letter of SMK Al-Huda Bumiayu students. The method used in this research is descriptive method.This study uses data triangulation aimed to test the validity of the data. The analysis technique in this study uses three ways namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Error writing job application letter written by Al-Huda Bumiayu Vocational School student Language errors found were (1) errors in writing prepositions, (2) errors in writing standard words, (3) errors in italics, and (4) mistakes in capital letters.

This study aims to analyze the sincerity aspect of Indonesian and Korean advertisements through multimodal analysis. This study uses a content analysis research method using the FCB Grid Model on several products, namely fast food, tobacco, and telecommunications. The selection of ad samples was carried out based on the FCB Grid Model. The results of the study show that some products such as tobacco and fast food are included in the category of products that involve low emotions and thoughts when consumers consider these products. However, telecommunications products fall into the category of products that involve high rational thinking skills, thus requiring serious consideration from consumers. Other findings show that there are several semantic and pragmatic expressions that make consumers confused in choosing a product. The most frequent violations found in products are false expressions and explanations that lead consumers astray. In addition, other violations are expression omissions, exaggerated expressions, fictitious, and omission of important information, thus making consumers feel lost in choosing products.