ChemSusChem

The pursuit of carbon circularity in the fabrication of new materials has driven the increased use of recycled and biobased resources, a practice that has become more prevalent in recent years. In epoxy resin systems, alternatives to the use of fossil‐based bisphenols have been proposed such as via the production of recycled bisphenol A (r‐BPA) or by substitution with lignin derivatives, both of which are recovered from previous processes, promoting circularity. For this study, r‐BPA was obtained via the chemical recycling of plastic blends from end‐of‐life (eol) televisions (TV). Subsequent glycidylation with epichlorohydrin (ECH) and ring‐opening using acrylic acid allowed to obtain recycled bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (r‐DGEBA) and bisphenol A glycerolate diacrylate (r‐DAGBA), respectively. Six thermosets were fabricated by reacting Jeffamine D230 (Jeff D230) with r‐DGEBA/r‐DAGBA in a diverse range of epoxide:acrylate (E : A) ratios. The addition of acrylates resulted in the formation of β‐amino esters (via Aza‐Michael addition), which are thermo‐reversible and allow the incorporation of dynamic bonds into the otherwise robust epoxy formulation. To evaluate the effect of the increasing biobased content, glycidylated depolymerized lignin (GDL) from hardwood was incorporated into the composition to produce five extra polymers. The crosslinked networks of these materials were extensively characterized, and the structure‐property relationship was established by comparing their thermomechanical performance. The dissociative acrylate‐amine interactions were identified under specific thermal conditions, applied systematically to program temporary shapes and analyse the crosslink reversibility of the thermosets. In summary, our findings demonstrate that recycled and biobased aromatic monomers can be incorporated to create dynamic crosslinked structures with tuneable properties, representing a step forward towards versatile, reusable, and circular materials.

Spirocyclic alkyl amino carbene (SCAAC) Ru complexes demonstrate outstanding activity and selectivity in ethenolysis of methyl oleate (MO) or fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), and 5,6‐dimethoxyindane derivative was the most active catalyst to date. For the further catalyst design, we proposed modifying the spirocyclic fragment by fusion of saturated carbo‐ or heterocycle, linked to the 5,6‐positions of indane or 6,7‐ positions of tetralin. Another suggested way of the modification of SCAAC complex was the insertion of chromane fragment to the carbene ligand. Using an alternative approach to SCAAC ligand precursors, based on hydroformylation of indenes, dihydronaphthalenes and their analogs, new SCAAC complexes were synthesized, their cis‐configuration was confirmed by XRD. Comparative study of new and known selected complexes in ethenolysis of FAMEs (84 wt% MO) revealed that each of SCAAC catalysts has a temperature optimum of activity. At 60 °C 0.5 ppm of the complex containing 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8‐octahydroanthracene spirocyclic fragment provided 56 % conversion of FAMEs with TON=1.1⋅10⁶; 0.25 ppm of this complex in ethenolysis of high‐purity MO demonstrated the TON ~2⋅10⁶, leading among the catalysts under study. In ethenolysis of FAMEs chromane derivative showed TON of 4–6⋅10⁵ and unprecedented temperature‐independent 99.7–99.9 % selectivity at 15–60 °C.

Li‐CO2 batteries have been recognized as an emerging technology for energy storage systems owing to their high theoretical specific energy and environmentally friendly CO2 fixation ability. However, their development for applications requires a high energy efficiency and long cycle‐life, this is currently limited to the formation of wide‐bandgap insulator Li2CO3 during discharge. Here, nanoparticle Pd supported on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is utilized as cathodes for Li‐CO2 batteries, Pd nanoparticles as active centers significantly enhance CO2RR/CO2ER reaction activity, which can support the fast formation and decomposition of Li2CO3 in organic electrolytes and achieve a high discharge capacity of 7500 mAh g⁻¹. It also performs remarkably high cycling stability of over 500 cycles with a long cycle‐life of 5000 hours. The observed super electrochemical performance is attributable to the thick electrode design and uniform distribution of ultrafine catalyst nanoparticle Pd. When Li2CO3 is adsorbed on Pd particle, the Li−O bond in Li2CO3 will be elongated due to the interactions of two nucleophilic O atoms with Pd, resulting in a weakening of the Li−O bond and activation of Li2CO3. Our work suggests a way to design catalysts with high activity that can be used to activate the performance of Li‐CO2 batteries.

Electrochemically grown copper nanoclusters (CuNCs: < 3 nm) from single‐atom catalysts have recently attracted intensive attention as electrocatalysts for CO2 and CO reduction reaction (CO2RR/CORR) because they exhibit distinct product selectivity compared with conventional Cu nanoparticles (typically larger than 10 nm). Herein, we conducted a detailed investigation into the size dependence of CuNCs on selectivity for multicarbon (C2+) production in CORR. These nanoclusters were electrochemically grown from single Cu atoms dispersed on covalent triazine frameworks (Cu‐CTFs). Operando X‐ray absorption fine structure analysis revealed that Cu‐CTFs containing 1.21 wt% and 0.41 wt% Cu (Cu(h)‐CTFs and Cu(l)‐CTFs, respectively) formed CuNCs of 2.0 and 1.1 nm, respectively, at −1.0 V vs. RHE. The selectivity for CORR products was particularly dependent on the size of CuNCs, with the Faraday efficiencies of C2+ products being 52.3% and 32.7% at −1.0 V vs. RHE with Cu(h)‐CTFs and Cu(l)‐CTFs, respectively. Spherical CuNCs modeling revealed that larger cluster sizes led to a greater proportion of a surface coordination number (SCN) of 8 or 9. Density functional calculations revealed that the CO dimerization reaction was more likely to proceed at SCNs of 8 or 9 compared to SCN of 7 because of the stability of the *OCCO intermediate.

Laccases that oxidize low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) represent a promising strategy for bioremediation purposes. To rationalize or optimize their PE‐oxidative activity, two fundamental factors must be considered: the enzyme‘s redox potential and its binding affinity/mode towards LDPE. Indeed, a stable laccase‐PE complex may facilitate a thermodynamically unfavorable electron transfer, even without redox mediators. In this study, we compared the redox potential and the LDPE‐binding properties of three different PE‐oxidizing laccases: a fungal high‐redox potential laccase from Trametes versicolor, a bacterial low‐redox potential laccase from Bacillus subtilis, and the recently characterized LMCO2 from Rhodococcus opacus R7. First we found that LMCO2 is a low‐potential laccase (E°=413 mV), as reported in other bacterial variants. Using computational tools, we simulated the interactions of these laccases with a large LDPE model and highlighted the key role of hydrophobic residues surrounding the T1 site. Notably, a methionine‐rich loop in LMCO2 appears to enhance the formation of a stable complex with LDPE, potentially facilitating electron transfer. This study underscores the necessity for comprehensive computational strategies to analyze enzyme‐polymer interactions beyond simplistic models, uncovering critical binding determinants and informing future mutagenesis experiments, in order to enhance laccase performance and rationalize variations in enzymatic activity.

Sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a crucial part of water splitting and solar fuel generation, which limits their utilization. Ni3S2 is a promising OER catalyst, in which surface reconstruction is an important step to improve performance. In this study, DFT calculations were employed to investigate the effect of surface reconstruction on (001), (110), and (101) surfaces of Ni3S2 in alkaline OER. According to the Pourbaix diagram and surface free energy landscape, Ni3S2 is prone to transform into Ni oxides and (oxy) hydroxides under alkaline OER conditions. This process induces exposed S atoms to leach and O from the electrolyte to incorporate S sites, thereby lowering the Bader charge of *O and increasing [[EQUATION]], and then decrease [[EQUATION]], the free energy penalty of the potential determining step. In general, the surface reconstruction enhances the OER activity through S leaching and adjusting the coordination environment. We believe this work not only provides insights into the clarification of surface reconstruction, but also provides a valuable guideline for the further discovery of efficient TM‐based sulfides.

Water‐lean absorbents are regarded as a new generation of post‐combustion CO2 capture technology that could significantly relieve those drawbacks posed by traditional aqueous alkanolamines. However, the exponential increase in viscosity during CO2 absorption remains an urgent issue that needs to be resolved before their practical deployment. In this work, novel water‐lean amines based on biomass glycerol have been devised as single‐component CO2 absorbents with low viscosity (79~110 cP at 25 , 29~39 cP at 40 ) under high capacity (12~18 wt % at 25 , 10~17 wt % at 40 ). The captured CO2 could be smoothly released by thermal desorption. Results from preliminary stability test and 10 absorption‐desorption cycles showed that such non‐aqueous absorbents had significant structural toughness as well as reusability. Spectroscopic measurements including ¹³C NMR and in situ FTIR were performed to gain mechanistic insights by monitoring the entire CO2 absorption and desorption process, while DSC, VLE and DFT calculations provided rational interpretation for reaction kinetics and thermodynamics. The synergistic promotion of glycerol ether group on both CO2 chemical and physical absorption was also verified under high pressure conditions.

Valorization of carbohydrate‐rich biomass by conversion into industrially relevant products is at the forefront of research in sustainable chemistry. In this work, we studied the inulin conversion into 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural, in deep eutectic solvents, in the presence of acidic task‐specific ionic liquids as catalysts. We employed aliphatic and aromatic ionic liquids as catalysts, and choline chloride‐based deep eutectic solvents bearing glycols or carboxylic acids, as solvents. The reactions were performed in a biphasic system, with acetone as a benign extracting solvent, enabling continuous extraction of 5‐HMF. We aimed to find the best experimental conditions for this transformation, in terms of catalyst loading, solvent, reaction time and temperature to achieve an economical and energy efficient process. We also analyzed the results in terms of solvent viscosity and structural organization as well as catalysts acidity, to elucidate which structural features mostly favour the reaction. Under optimized conditions, we obtained a yield in 5‐HMF of 71 %, at 80 °C in 3 h. Our system can be scaled up and recycled three times with no loss in yield. Finally, comparison with the literature shows that our system achieves a higher yield under milder conditions than most protocols so far reported for the same transformation.

The tightly connected structure of polybenzimidazole (PBI) membrane can be relaxed by solvent/nonsolvent solution to achieve a high proton conductivity for vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB). However, the nature behind the solvent/nonsolvent strategy is not unraveled. This work proposes a guideline to analyze the effect of PBI membrane relaxing formulas based on the interactions between different components in membranes. The supreme‐efficient PBI membrane derived by the DMSO/formamide formula according to the guideline displays a marvelous performance for VRFB, with the proton conductivity boosted by 4300% (from 1.93 to 83.33 mS cm−1), and VRFB assembled with this membrane achieves an outstanding energy efficiency of 82.5% under 200 mA cm−2. Moreover, this work profoundly unravels the structure, property and performance relationship of PBI membrane, which is of great value for the development of membranes.

Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a novel, cost‐effective and environmentally friendly desalination technology that has garnered significant attention in recent years. Carbon materials, owing to their excellent properties, have become the preferred electrode materials for CDI. Given the significant differences between different ions, ion‐selective performance has emerged as a critical aspect of CDI applications. However, comprehensive reviews on the selective ion separation capabilities of carbon materials for CDI remain scarce. This review examines the progress in developing carbon materials for ion‐selective separation in CDI, focusing on regulatory mechanisms and representative materials. It also discusses the applications of selective CDI carbon materials in areas such as heavy metal removal, nutrient recovery, seawater desalination resourcing, and water softening. Furthermore, the challenges and future prospects for advancing carbon materials in CDI are explored. This review aims to provide theoretical insights and practical guidance for utilising carbon materials in wastewater treatment and resource recovery.

We demonstrate the application of mechanochemistry in the synthesis of indolone‐based photoswitches (hemiindigos, hemithioindigos, and oxindoles) via Knoevenagel condensation reactions. Utilizing ball‐milling and an organic base (piperidine) acting as catalyst and solvent for liquid assisted grinding (LAG) conditions, we achieve rapid, solvent‐free transformations, obtaining a set of known and previously unreported photoswitches, including highly functional amino acid–based photoswitches, multichromophoric derivatives and photoswitchable cavitands based on resorcin[4]arenes. The reaction under mechanochemical conditions gives moderate‐to‐high yields and is highly stereoselective leading to Z‐isomers of hemiindigos and hemithioindigos and E‐isomers of oxindoles. For selected examples, reversible visible‐light photoswiching properties have been demonstrated.

Hole transport layer (HTL)‐free carbon‐based perovskite solar cells (C‐PSCs) own outstanding potential for commercial applications due to their attractive advantages of low cost and superior stability. However, the abundant defects and mismatched energy levels at the interface of the perovskite/carbon electrode severely limit the device efficiency and stability. Constructing a 2D layer on the surface of 3D perovskite films to form 2D/3D heterojunctions has been demonstrated to be an effective method of passivating surface defects and optimizing the energy level alignment in almost all kinds of PSCs. Due to the unique structure of HTL‐free C‐PSCs, 2D/3D heterojunctions play especially important roles. This review article summarizes the reports of 2D/3D perovskite heterojunctions in HTL‐free C‐PSCs. It describes the contributions of 2D/3D heterojunctions in terms of their roles in defect passivation, energy level optimization, and stability improvement. Finally, challenges and prospects of 2D/3D heterojunction for further development of HTL‐free C‐PSCs are highlighted.

Platform chemicals from renewable resources with broad applications are highly desirable, particularly for replacing fossil‐based monomers. Bifunctional aliphatic ester‐aldehydes, accessible via regioselective hydroformylation of unsaturated oleochemicals, can be converted into linear ω‐amino/ω‐hydroxy esters and dicarboxylic acids—key building blocks for biobased aliphatic polycondensates. However, their success hinges on efficient, economically viable production, with catalyst recycling being critical. We present the Rh‐catalyzed, cyclodextrin‐mediated, aqueous biphasic hydroformylation of methyl 10‐undecenoate (from castor oil) and methyl 9‐decenoate (from rapeseed oil) to produce methyl 12‐oxododecanoate and methyl 11‐oxoundecanoate, respectively, with high yields and productivity. This system allows for efficient catalyst recycling via decantation, maintaining 30 % of its native activity in aqueous biphasic conditions. Reaction conditions were optimized using a tailored experimental design, reducing nearly 200 experiments to 39 without sacrificing predictive accuracy. The optimized conditions were transferred to a continuous miniplant, achieving a low rhodium loss of 0.018 % h⁻¹, with excellent space‐time yields of 76.5 kg h⁻¹ m⁻³. Rhodium in the product was as low as 79 ppb, with 4.4 kg of product per mg of catalyst lost, marking a significant step in combining hydroformylation‐derived, bio‐based platform chemicals with economic industrial potential.

Carbon dots (CDs) as a new class of photoluminescent zero‐dimension carbon nanoparticles have attracted significant research interests owing to their extraordinary opto‐electro‐properties and biocompatibility. So far, almost all syntheses of CDs require either heat treatment or exertion of high energy fields. Herein, a scalable room‐temperature vortex fluidic method is introduced to the CDs synthesis using the angled vortex fluidic device (VFD). By judicious selection of the solvent, typical CDs precursor of phenylenediamine has been converted into high crystalline CDs through VFD processing. The VFD‐synthesized CDs cover the full color spectrum from blue to red with the highest quantum yield of 45.6 %. The synthesis shows that the dynamic thin liquid film generated by VFD spun at high rotational speed (7–9 k RPM) is able to induce cycloaddition reactions. The new method for CD synthesis is facile, occurring under ambient conditions in the VFD, potentially offering industrial scaling up of production of full color carbon dots.

Concentrated solar‐driven CO2 reduction is a breakthrough approach to combat climate crisis. Harnessing the in‐situ coupling of high photon flux density and high thermal energy flow initiates multiple energy conversion pathways, such as photothermal, photoelectric, and thermoelectric processes, thereby enhancing the efficient activation of CO2. This review systematically presents the fundamental principles of concentrated solar systems, the design and classification of solar‐concentrating devices, and industrial application case studies. Meanwhile, key technological advances–from theoretical foundations to practical applications–are also discussed. At the microscopic level, a comprehensive analysis of multiscale reaction kinetics within the domain of photothermal synergistic catalysis has been conducted. This analysis elucidates the significance of catalyst design, further detailing the intricate regulatory mechanisms governing reaction pathways and active sites through nanostructured catalysts, single‐atom catalysts, and metal‐support interactions. However, the transition from laboratory research to industrial‐scale application still faces challenges, including the complexity of system integration, energy density optimization, and economic feasibility. This review provides a theoretical framework and practical guidance through a complete investigation of current technological bottlenecks and future development directions, with the aim of driving key advances in concentrated solar‐driven CO2 reduction catalysis.

Poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐HFP) based electrolyte is a promising alternative to liquid electrolytes in lithium metal batteries. However, its commercial application is limited by high crystallinity and low Li⁺ ion conductivity. In this study, we synthesized a fluorinated Li‐based metal‐organic framework (Li‐MOF−F) and used it as a filler to address these limitations. The strategy for the Li‐MOF−F filler stands out in two main aspects: framework structure for rapid Li⁺ ion transport and F‐functional group with electronegativity. The LiO4 with π‐π conjugated dicarboxylate enables the reversible Li intercalation in the lattice structure. The fluorine atoms with electronegativity transform the polymer matrix from non‐polar to polar phase and immobilize TFSI⁻ anions by electrostatic interaction. As a result, the PVDF‐HFP electrolyte with Li‐MOF−F (LMF‐PE) achieves the highest polarity and Li transference number. In Li/Li symmetric cell tests, LMF‐PE demonstrates stable Li plating/stripping behavior without dendrites. Additionally, we applied lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NCM) with 94 % Ni content as a cathode material in cell test. LMF‐PE cell delivers a high initial discharge capacity of 226.9 mAh g⁻¹ and 80 % capacity retention after 150 cycles, highlighting its superior cycling performance. These enhancements are attributed to the structural and electrostatic benefits of Li‐MOF−F.

This work aims to recover rare earths from wind turbines NdFeB magnets through pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical techniques. First, a NdFeB hydride powder is obtained by decrepitation with hydrogen. Subsequently, this powder was subjected to a chlorination roasting process and successive leaching with water to bring the metals into solution. This was followed by a liquid‐liquid extraction to remove the iron and purify the rare earth solution. For this purpose, Aliquat 336 diluted in Solvesso was selected as the iron selective extraction agent. As a single extraction was not enough for complete iron removal, a second Fe extraction step was carried out. This second extraction step was performed using the restored organic phase. This restoration was achieved by treating the organic phase with Na2SO3 and then washing it with a 3M HCl solution. In this way, the process was achieved more sustainably. Finally, the rare earths contained in the final solution were precipitated using oxalic acid to obtain mixed rare earth oxalates.

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs), which resemble hydrotalcite, are a type of materials with cationic layers and exchangeable interlayer anions. They have drawn lots of curiosity as a high‐temperature CO2 adsorbent because of its quick desorption/sorption kinetics and renewability. Due to its extensive divalent or trivalent cationic metals, high anion exchange property, memory effect, adjustable behavior, bio‐friendliness, easy to prepare and relatively low cost, the LDHs‐based materials are becoming increasingly popular for photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). Fabrication and modification are good ways to move forward the advancement of LDHs‐based catalysts, which will help chemistry and materials science make great progress. In this review we discussed structural characteristics and the methods for preparation and modification of LDHs‐based photocatalysts. We also highlighted and discussed the major developments and applications in photocatalytic CO2RR as well as the photocatalytic mechanism. The goal of the present review is to give a broad summary of the various LDHs‐based photocatalysts and the corresponding design strategies, which could motivate more excellent research works to explore this kind of CO2RR photocatalysts to further increase CO2 conversion yield and selectivity.

In lithium batteries employing oxygen electrochemistry as their cathodic process, superoxide radical is recognized as a reactive nucleophile that decomposes electrolytes and therefore deteriorates battery durability. Herein, we categorized the antioxidants employed for deactivating reactive superoxide in batteries into three groups after their working mechanisms were clearly understood and classified. Radical scavengers, as the first group, are sacrificed to provide moieties to neutralize the radical activity of superoxide. The reversible superoxide dismutase mimics (SODm's), distinguished from radical scavengers by their catalytic turnover, were divided into two families in terms of the anti‐aging mechanism: electron‐mediating SODm (e‐SODm) and chemo‐catalytic SODm (c‐SODm). The redox‐active e‐SODm family, as the second group, mediates an electron from a superoxide radical to another superoxide, driving oxidation to dioxygen and reduction to peroxide, respectively. The c‐SODm family, as the third group, chemically catalyzes superoxide disproportionation reaction, lowering the activation energy of the dismutation between the same radicals.

Elevating the long‐wavelength activation of photocatalysts represents a formidable approach to optimizing sunlight utilization. Polythiophene (PTh), although renowned for its robust light absorption and excellent conductivity, is largely overlooked for its potential as a photocatalyst due to the swift recombination of photogenerated charge carriers. Herein, we unveil that the strategic introduction of an aromatic ring containing varying nitrogen content into PTh instigates polarized charge distribution and facilitates the narrowing of the band gap, thereby achieving efficient photocatalytic activities for both hydrogen and hydrogen peroxide generation. Notably, the best sample, PTh‐N2, even demonstrates photocatalytic activity in the red light region (600‐700 nm). This study offers a promising avenue for the development of polymer photocatalysts with efficient photocatalytic performance for red light‐induced photocatalysis.

The photoelectrochemical oxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), a biomass‐derived intermediate, to 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), a key building block for industrial applications, is a well‐studied anodic reaction. This photoelectrochemical (PEC) conversion typically requires an electron mediator, such as TEMPO, regardless of the semiconductor used. Various electrocatalysts can also perform this reaction electrochemically, without additional organic species in the electrolyte. In this study, Ti‐doped hematite (Ti:Fe2O3) photoanodes were employed for the HMF photoelectrochemical conversion at the anodic side of a two‐compartments PEC cell. To avoid the need of an electron mediator, nickel‐based electrocatalysts were deposited on the electrode′s surface. The Ni(OH)2‐electrodeposited (Ti:Fe2O3−Ni) and the NiMo‐sputtered Ti:Fe2O3 photoanodes (Ti:Fe2O3−NiMo) were characterised and tested for the HMF oxidation in 0.1 M NaOH (pH 13) electrolyte. Partial HMF photoelectrochemical conversion to FDCA was achieved, pointing out the beneficial effect of Ni‐based cocatalyst in shifting the selectivity towards the di‐carboxylic acid. Fixed Energy X‐ray Absorption Voltammetry (FEXRAV) and X‐ray Absorption Near‐Edge Structure (XANES) measurements were conducted to investigate the interaction between HMF and the two deposited electrocatalysts. These techniques offered valuable insights into the oxidation mechanism, which were further validated using a rate deconvolution procedure.

LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811) is one of the most promising cathode materials for high energy density Li‐ion batteries (LiBs). However, NMC811 suffers from capacity fading during electrochemical cycling because of its structure instability at voltages >4.2 V vs Li|Li⁺ due to the known hexagonal H2→H3 phase transition. Zr doping has proven to be effective in enhancing electrochemical performances of the NMC811. In depth investigations are conducted through operando x‐ray diffraction (XRD) and ex situ x‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements to mechanistically understand the benefits of Zr‐doping in a NMC811 material when doped during the co‐precipitation step. Herein, Zr‐doping in NMC811 reduces the formation of the detrimental H3 phase and mitigates the transition metal dissolution upon cycling.

Carbon zero electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR), converting N2 to NH3 under ambient temperature and pressure, offers a sustainable alternative to the energy‐intensive Haber‐Bosch process. Nevertheless, NRR still faces major challenges due to direct dissociation of the strong N≡N triple bond, poor selectivity, as well as other issues related to the inadequate adsorption, activation and protonation of N2. In nature's nitrogen fixation, microorganisms are able to convert N2 to ammonia at ambient temperature and pressure, and in aqueous environment, thanks to the nitrogenase enzymes. The core NRR performance is achieved with sulfur‐rich Fe transition metal clusters as active site cofactors to capture and reduce N2, with optimum performance found for Fe−Mo clusters. Because of this reason, artificial analogs in Fe−Mo coordination chemistry have been explored. However, the studies of sulfur coordinated Fe, Mo catalysts for electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis are scarce. In this review, the recent progress of Fe−Mo sulfur‐bridged catalysts (including sulfur‐coordinated single‐site catalysts in carbon frameworks and MoS2‐based catalysts) and their activities for the ammonia synthesis from nitrate reduction reaction (NO3–RR) and nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) are summarized. Further existing challenges and future perspectives are also discussed.

All‐solid‐state Li‐ion batteries (ASSBs) represent a promising leap forward in battery technology, rapidly advancing in development. Among the various solid electrolytes, argyrodite thiophosphates Li6PS5X (X=Cl, Br, I) stand out due to their high ionic conductivity, structural flexibility, and compatibility with a range of electrode materials, making them ideal candidates for efficient and scalable battery applications. However, despite significant performance advancements, the sustainability and recycling of ASSBs remain underexplored, posing a critical challenge for achieving efficient circular processes. This study investigates the dissolution‐based separation and recovery of argyrodite thiophosphate electrolytes and transition metal oxide electrode materials as a potential recycling strategy for ASSBs. A focus is set on the impact of solvent treatments on the recrystallization behavior of these electrolytes. Furthermore, the interactions between dissolved argyrodite thiophosphates and various transition metal oxide electrode materials (LiCoO2, LiMn2O4, LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2, LiFePO4 and Li4Ti5O12) is examined to assess their influence on the functional properties of both the electrolytes and electrode materials. Structural, compositional and morphological changes are analyzed using X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Our findings provide insights into the complexities of recycling ASSBs, but also highlight the potential for developing efficient, sustainable recycling processes.

Inverted perovskite solar cells (IPSCs) utilizing nickel oxide (NiOx) as hole transport material have made great progress, driven by improvements in materials and interface engineering. However, challenges remain due to the low intrinsic conductivity of NiOx and inefficient hole transport. In this study, we introduced MoS2 nanoparticles at the indium tin oxide (ITO) /NiOx interface to enhance the ITO surface and optimize the deposition of NiOx, resulting in increased conductivity linked to a ratio of Ni³⁺:Ni²⁺. This interface modification not only optimized energy level but also promoted hole transport and reduced defects. Consequently, IPSCs with MoS2 modified at ITO/NiOx interface achieved a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.42 %, compared to 20.25 % without modification. Additionally, unencapsulated IPSCs with this interface modification displayed improved stability under thermal, light, humidity and ambient conditions. This innovative strategy for ITO/NiOx interface modification efficiently promotes hole transportation and can be integrated with other interface engineering approaches, offering valuable insights for the development of highly efficient and stable IPSCs.