Zagazig University
  • Zagazig, Egypt
Recent publications
This article investigates the impact of the semiconformal curvature tensor's symmetry on the base and fiber manifolds of a warped product manifold. It establishes that the fiber manifold of a warped product manifold has a constant sectional curvature, whereas the base manifold is semiconformally symmetric. Furthermore, the article derives the specific forms of the semiconformal curvature tensor for both the base and fiber manifolds. Also, it is demonstrated that a semiconformally symmetric (flat) GRW space-time is a perfect fluid space-time and exhibits an irrotational velocity vector field.
Nowadays, oil spills threaten both aquatic and terrestrial environments, especially in regions with intensive oil refining and shipping activities and high environmental sensitivity, such as Alexandria city, Egypt. Oil spill characterization in coastal populous cities is particularly difficult due to large chemical/physical soil heterogeneities and saltwater intrusion which represent a major challenge for soil remediation and restoration. Recently, the development of inversion algorithms enables electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) to perform detailed characterization of near-surface soil pollution. The study implements an interdisciplinary approach using remote sensing and advanced time-lapse 2D-inversion scheme for detailed characterization of oil spill patterns around oil refinery sites in the Alexandria coastal zone. The implemented scheme was able to improve the depth of investigation while maintaining the shallow lateral model resolution. The findings indicate that the mapped oil spills constitute a wedge-like form where the oil moves gradually downward, and it then shifts horizontally towards the shoreline with thinning in oil-contaminated zones under control of tidal action and ground surface slope. Consequently, guided by remote sensing observations, in-situ trenches/wells are suggested to withdraw the oil-contaminated water at the maximum deduced oil-contaminated soil thickness. The applied procedures in this study are replicable and can be effectively used as a pre-requisite to remedy oil spills along terrestrial coastal environments worldwide.
Avian pox is a disease that has devastating impacts on both poultry and wild bird species. Avian pox is caused by various strains of avipoxviruses (APV). Nevertheless, the virus has been detected in pigeons and chickens that are raised in backyard areas, leading to substantial financial damage for small-scale producers. There is a lack of comprehensive information regarding the transmission of APV among birds in the backyards and residential areas. Hence, the present investigation closely monitored and observed APV in domesticated birds residing in backyard areas, with the aim of impeding the transmission of the virus to nearby poultry farms. In 2023, a total of fifty backyard flocks were surveyed for the presence of avian pox disease. Sixteen backyards (14 pigeons and 2 chickens) exhibited warty nodular lesions on their heads and nonfeathered body parts. APV was confirmed in nodular lesions by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and genetic sequencing. All samples from the lesions showed successful amplification of the p4b locus (core protein p4b). Four confirmed samples were tested for pathogenicity on the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). Histopathological examination revealed ballooning degeneration and numerous intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies (Bollinger bodies) in the ectoderm of the infected CAM. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the strains clustered into main clade A, with 11 in subclade A2 and 5 in subclade A1. Amino acid identity showed 100% similarity between the vaccine (fowlpox/VSVRI/Egypt) and some detected strains (PP537574 and PP537575). In addition, the PP537576.1 to PP537580.1 and PP537582.1 to PP537585.1 had 2-point mutations compared to the fowlpox/VSVRI/Egypt vaccine. The overall finding of low biosecurity levels in the investigated backyard birds emphasizes the significance of establishing sanitary measures and control vectors to reduce virus transmission routes and disease severity. In conclusion, it is necessary to emphasize the tracking of APV in backyard birds. Concurrently, we advised enhancing hygiene protocols, vector management, and subsequent vaccination to restrict the occurrence of APV outbreaks and prevent their transmission to neighboring poultry farms. Furthermore, it is crucial to incorporate molecular studies in order to enhance the vaccine seeds for disease management.
  • Alison Laing
    Alison Laing
  • Ahmed Elmarghany
    Ahmed Elmarghany
  • Arwa A. Alghaith
    Arwa A. Alghaith
  • [...]
  • Karen Keeshan
    Karen Keeshan
Children diagnosed with acute myeloid leukaemia (paediatric AML [pAML]) have limited treatment options and relapse rates due to chemoresistance and refractory disease are over 30%. Current treatment is cytotoxic and in itself has long‐lasting harsh side effects. New, less toxic treatments are needed. The bone marrow microenvironment provides chemoprotection to leukaemic cells through cell communication and interaction with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), but this is not well defined in pAML. Using primary patient material, we identify a cell contact‐independent mechanism of MSC‐mediated chemoprotection involving extrinsic soluble factors that is abrogated through inhibition of the JAK/STAT and ERK pathways.
Many studies evaluated the efficacy and safety of ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with ischemic stroke; none of these trials included North African participants, and all of these trials comprised only participants who experienced transient ischemic attack (TIA) or minor stroke. We compared the efficacy and safety of ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with first-ever noncardioembolic moderate or moderate-to-severe ischemic stroke. Our trial involved 900 first-ever noncardioembolic patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) who randomly received either loading and maintenance doses of ticagrelor or clopidogrel within the first 24 h of stroke onset. We involved 900 patients in the intention-to-treat analysis. A total of 39 (8.7%) patients in ticagrelor arm and 62 (13.8%) in clopidogrel arm experienced a new stroke [hazard ratio (HR) 0.46; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.34–0.83; P value = 0.006]. A total of 57 (12.7%) patients in ticagrelor group and 80 (17.8%) patients in clopidogrel group experienced composite of new stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), or death due to vascular insults (HR 0.51; 95% CI 0.43–0.82; P value = 0.004). Participants who received ticagrelor experienced less frequent unfavorable outcomes. We found no significant variation between our study's two arms concerning the hemorrhagic and non-hemorrhagic complications. Patients with noncardioembolic moderate or moderate-to-severe ischemic stroke who received ticagrelor within the first 24 h after ischemic stroke had better clinical outcomes based on recurrent stroke rates and unfavorable modified Rankin Scale (mRS) rates compared with those who received clopidogrel. There were no significant variations between ticagrelor and clopidogrel regarding hemorrhagic and non-hemorrhagic complications. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier number NCT05553613.
  • Yasser Gaber Metwally
    Yasser Gaber Metwally
  • Khaled Yehia Elnady
    Khaled Yehia Elnady
  • Tarek Abd El-Ghaffar
    Tarek Abd El-Ghaffar
  • [...]
  • Fathy Mohamed Swailem
    Fathy Mohamed Swailem
Background The optimal therapeutic strategy for coronary intervention in edge in-stent restenosis (edge ISR) remains less well-defined. Aim The aim of this study was to assess 12-month outcomes of re-stenting using drug-eluting stents (DESs) versus using drug-eluting balloon (DEB) for managing coronary edge ISR. Patients and Methods One hundred and four patients with edge ISR were randomly assigned to either DES or DEB. The primary endpoint was stent failure at 12-month follow-up. Results Significantly lower target vessel revascularization among the DEB group compared to restenting group, (7.7% vs. 23.1%, P = 0.04). Likewise, target vessel-related myocardial infarction rate was significantly lower among the DEB group than restenting (5.7% vs. 23.1%, P = 0.04). On the other hand, there were no significant differences in the rates of deaths or restenosis between the two groups. Conclusion The DEB is superior to the DES with better both safety and efficacy.
Two-dimensional (2D) materials, particularly those with intrinsic magnetism, hold promise for next-generation spintronic devices due to their unique electronic and magnetic properties. This study investigates the impact of in-plane uniaxial and biaxial strain on the properties of monolayer CrSBr using density functional theory (DFT) and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. We demonstrate that strain engineering can effectively modulate the electronic band structure and Curie temperature (Tc) of the CrSBr monolayer. Under uniaxial strains, transitions from indirect to direct bandgaps are observed, enhancing semiconductor characteristics. Importantly, compressive strain along the y-direction significantly increases Tc, potentially approaching room temperature. These findings highlight the role of strain manipulation in tailoring the functionality of 2D magnetic materials, crucial for advancing spintronics and nanoelectronic applications.
Groundwater levels vary from region to another and sometimes in different zones in the same country due to different boundary conditions and extraction rates. Therefore, understanding intricate aquifer systems and predicting how they will react to hydrological changes require the use of groundwater models. In Egypt, the groundwater levels in the Nile Delta aquifer decrease causing problems to the delta ecosystem while it is rising in Aswan area due to the presence of Nasser Lake causing several damages to the city’s buildings and infrastructures. In order to maximize its benefits and lessen the harm brought on by inadequate groundwater management in the city of Aswan, the height of the groundwater level in that city was examined, appraised, and groundwater management scenarios were established in this study. To achieve the objectives of the study, a simulation of Aswan aquifer’s groundwater system is built based on a quasi-three-dimensional transient groundwater flow model using MODFLOW. The model was calibrated and verified. Four management scenarios are tested. The fifth scenario, in this scenario, the four scenarios combined together at the same time and with the same conditions and ratios were proposed to be implemented. The results of the proposal to implement the four scenarios together showed that the rates of decline in groundwater levels in the last stage will be 12.44%. The study results reveal that a better understanding of the simulated long-term average spatial distribution of water balance components is useful for managing and planning the available water resources in the Aswan aquifer.
Precast concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) columns with connection joints are widely used in building structures, yet research on their flexural behavior when connected with various high-performance concrete (HPC) types is limited. This study presents experimental investigations on precast circular CFST columns subjected to flexural loading until failure. These CFST columns, encased in galvanized steel sheets (GSSs), are connected using HPC joints. Two types of HPC joints were tested: an engineered cementitious composite (ECC) and an ultra-high fiber reinforced concrete (UHFRC). Additionally, the study was conducted varying the development length of the reinforcement/concrete filler joint to 150, 200, and 300 mm. Results indicated that increasing the development length of the reinforcement and the connecting concrete joint enhances both the cracking resistance and load-bearing capacity of slender precast CFST columns with an intermediate joint. Moreover, the combination of GSSs with ECC and UHFRC connections enhances the load-bearing capacity, demonstrating performance comparable to that of a typical precast normal concrete control column without an intermediate connection. The experimental results revealed that ECC and UHFRC connections increased the performance by 11 and 17%, respectively, compared to the control column. Additionally, doubling the development length of the ECC joint improved the cracking force, ultimate force, elastic stiffness, and energy absorption by 20, 15, 133, and 64%, respectively, while UHFRC connections showed improvements of 10, 10, 82, and 94%, respectively.
The increasing demand for flexible electromechanical devices with superior stretchability, durability, thermal stability and sensitivity has driven the development of new smart functional materials to replace conventional semiconductors. This study utilises combining electrospinning and in situ polymerisation to fabricate four types of thermoplastic polyurethane/polyaniline (TPU/PANI) nanofibrous membranes with varied fibre orientation and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) incorporation. The combined effects of material composition and fibre alignment on strain‐sensing performance were systematically explored. All membranes exhibited stable, symmetric ohmic behaviour under strain, with current decreasing as strain increased. Remarkable repeatability and stability were observed in cyclic current–time tests. MWCNTs addition significantly enhanced conductivity, with aligned fibres further boosting performance. Gauge factor (GF) measurements revealed that aligned TPU/PANI mats had GFs of 7 (0%–18% strain) and 14.3 (18%–40%), while aligned TPU/MWCNTs/PANI mats had GFs of 5.2 (0%–13%) and 7.3 (13%–40%). Random TPU/PANI mats showed GFs of 13.9 (0%–11%) and 23.3 (11%–40%) and random TPU/MWCNTs/PANI mats had GFs of 13.9 (0%–19%) and 24.7 (19%–40%). Each configuration demonstrated suitability for specific applications, with random TPU/MWCNT/PANI mats exhibiting the best overall performance. This research provides critical insights into optimising flexible strain sensors by tuning both material composition and fibre orientation.
Background The KCNJ11 gene belongs to the potassium channel gene family. It has a major role in the secretion of insulin. Genetic variations in KCNJ11 are possibly responsible for the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this study, we investigated the possible correlation between KCNJ11 (rs5210) gene polymorphism and T2DM. Subjects and method This study included 92 individuals divided into two groups. Group 1 included 46 type 2 diabetic patients. Group 2 (control group) included 46 healthy participants. A complete history was taken and a full physical examination was performed. Anthropometric data were measured. Laboratory investigations included fasting blood glucose (FBG), two hours post-prandial blood glucose (2HPPBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and fasting lipid profile. KCNJ11 (rs5210) single nucleotide polymorphism was detected by polymerase chain reaction restriction-fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP). Results Both AG and GG genotypes were associated with increased risk for T2DM (OR 5.2, 95% CI 1.32–20.5, P = 0.01 for AG; and OR 18.2, 95% CI 2.99–31.7, P = 0.002 for GG). Also, the frequency of the G allele was significantly higher in type 2 diabetic patients compared to healthy controls (50% versus 23.9%, respectively). The G allele of rs5210 in KCNJ11 contributed to an increased risk of T2DM (OR 3.18, 95% CI 1.31–7.75, P = 0.01). There was a statistically significant association between increased 2HPPBG and HbA1c levels and the carrier of AG and GG genotypes (P = 0.01 and 0.007, respectively). There was a statistically significant association between total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c), and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c) levels and the carrier of AG and GG genotypes (P < 0.001, 0.02, and 0.007, respectively). Regression analysis detected that body mass index (BMI), 2HPPBG, TC, triglycerides (TG), and the G allele of rs5210 in KCNJ11 gene showed a significant association with T2DM (P = 0.004, 0.042, 0.003, 0.006, and 0.01, respectively) while no association was observed with FBG, HbA1c, LDL-c or HDL-c (P = 0.099, 0.123, 0.522, and 0.765, respectively). Conclusion KCNJ11 rs5210 genetic polymorphism may raise the risk for the occurrence of T2DM among Egyptians.
Over the last two decades, extensive research has been conducted to enhance the control performance of reactor power. Various methodologies have been suggested and implemented to achieve optimal power control in nuclear reactors. However, due to the diverse characteristics and inherent uncertainties in the models, devising optimal controllers for nuclear systems remains a complex task. To address this, numerous approaches have been adopted to ensure controllability and resilience, aiming for an optimal nuclear power reactor controller. The Model Predictive Control (MPC) algorithm has garnered significant attention as a viable approach to boost operational efficiency and overall system utility. In this research, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method and MPC controller are combined together to form a novel algorithm termed PSO-MPC, aiming to amplify the system’s performance and overcomes the local minima problem that basically happens when using MPC controller. First, MPC controller is applied to the nuclear reactor model, then the suggested technique PSO-MPC also is applied to the system and a comparison of the outcomes using both techniques is done. The results demonstrate enhanced system response using the innovative technique.
Background This study aims to assess and compare the outcomes of traditional surgery and laser surgery for anal hemorrhoids in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Methods This is a single-center prospective randomized comparative clinical trial performed at Zagazig University Hospitals from September 2023 to September 2024. The study comprised 48 patients who were admitted during this period and had inflammatory bowel disease along with hemorrhoids. The patients were randomly allocated into two groups: Group I consisted of 24 patients who underwent laser hemorrhoidoplasty, selected based on odd numbers, while Group II consisted of 24 patients who underwent traditional surgery, selected based on even numbers. Results Group I, which underwent laser treatment for hemorrhoids in inflammatory bowel patients, demonstrated significantly better outcomes than traditional surgery (p < 0.001) regarding operation time, pain score and duration, postoperative anal discharge, return to work time, and patient satisfaction. Moreover, laser treatment was found to be more effective than traditional surgery for treating hemorrhoids in inflammatory bowel patients in terms of postoperative bleeding and anal stenosis. Additionally, there was a higher frequency of residual hemorrhoids in laser group. Conclusion Laser treatment is mostly superior to traditional surgery for hemorrhoids in inflammatory bowel patients. Trial registration Clinical Trial.gov (NCT06216223), registered on December 27, 2023, last updated in May 12, 2024. Protocol registration ID #101080-5-9-2023
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the potential contribution of glycyrrhizin (GLZ) to mitigate the testicular toxicity linked to cisplatin (CIS) intoxication. METHODS 40 mature male Wistar albino rats ( Rattus norvegicus albinus ) were randomly divided into 4 equal groups (n = 10) for 60 days: the control group, CIS-treated group (single dose of 7 mg/kg, IP), GLZ-treated group (25 mg/kg, PO), and GLZ plus CIS–treated group. Blood and testis samples were examined using biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical techniques. Semen samples were also obtained, and any abnormalities were reported. RESULTS Serum follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and testosterone levels were all markedly reduced by CIS. Oxidative stress and a significant reduction in levels of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were linked to CIS. Immunohistochemically, CIS showed diffuse, significantly positive immunolocalizations against the anti-caspase 3 antibody, indicating widespread apoptosis within the testicular parenchyma. Histopathologically, CIS showed diffuse coagulative necrosis of spermatogenic cells, necrotic Sertoli cells, intertubular edema, and Leydig cell hyperplasia. Moreover, CIS revealed a noteworthy increase in sperm abnormalities. Pre-coadministration and posttreatment with GLZ mitigated the majority of these detrimental consequences, and serum levels of antioxidant enzymes, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and testosterone were significantly elevated. CONCLUSIONS Glycyrrhizin has been proven to be a strong antioxidant as well as antiapoptotic and cytoprotective against CIS testicular damage. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The described model is a tool to evaluate the testicular protective impact of GLZ.
Trichinosis is a real threat to public health that infects humans and animals. Current treatments have high resistance and limited bioavailability. Consequently, it is imperative to enhance the bioavailability of these drugs by developing new agents. So, the purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of ivermectin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CS NPs) and their combination with albendazole (ABZ) on the muscular and intestinal phases of trichinosis. We had eight main groups of mice: non-infected control; infected control; infected and treated with ABZ; infected and treated with ivermectin (IVM); infected and treated with CS NPs; infected and treated with ABZ and IVM; infected and treated with IVM-loaded CS NPS; and infected and treated with ABZ combined with IVM-loaded CS NPS. Two subgroups were formed for each group: a and b for both phases, intestinal and muscular, respectively. Drug efficacy was parasitologically, histopathologically, serologically, and molecularly evaluated. The ABZ combined with IVM-loaded CS NPS-treated group showed the highest statistically significant reduction in adult and encysted larval counts and a noticeable reduction of both intestinal and muscular inflammation. In the treated groups, there was a significant decrease in TNF-α, iNOS, and IFN-γ gene expression when compared with the infected control. Although the level of IL10 was increased in all treated groups. In conclusion, IVM-loaded CS NPS enhanced the efficacy of ABZ against T. spiralis-infected mice.
Background Drug-coated balloons (DCB) have promising results in the management of in-stent restenosis (ISR), still their role remains a major challenge, and not well established in contemporary clinical practice. Aims To provide a comprehensive appraisal of the efficacy and safety of DCBs in patients with in-stent restenosis (ISR). Methods We searched PubMed, Scopus, web of Science, Ovid, and Cochrane Central from inception until 30 March, 2023. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared DCB versus DES in ISR patients. Our primary endpoints were major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and late lumen loss (LLL). Secondary clinical endpoints were all-cause death, cardiac death, MI, TLR, TVR, and stent thrombosis, and angiographic outcomes were MLD, and in-stent binary restenosis. Results Ten RCTs comprising 1977 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The incidence of MACE was 15.57% in the DCB group compared to 14.13% in the DES group, with no significant difference in the risk of MACE following DCB (odds ratio [OR] 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.87 to 1.44). Compared with the DES intervention, the risk of LLL was comparable to the DCB intervention (mean difference [MD] -0.08, 95% CI: -0.18 to 0.02), while the incidence of TLR was increased in the DCB intervention (OR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.2 to 1.99). Conclusion DCB was comparable to DES implantation is ISR patients regarding clinical outcomes, however it showed an increase in TLR events. Moreover, a RCT with large sample size and longer follow-up duration is warrened to validate these results.
Uremic Encephalopathy results from the elevation of toxins and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion (I/R) injury is the principal cause of acute kidney injury and brain tissue injury. The present study was crafted to estimate the restorative impact of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and exosome injection before the reperfusion phase on the kidney following renal I/R injury and its influence on brain tissue by tracking the histopathological, biochemical, and Doppler ultrasonography alternations in both kidney and brain tissue. Forty mature male rats were divided into five groups as follows: control, I/R, PRP, exosome, and Exosome + PRP. Renal Doppler ultrasonography was traced for all rats. Serum kidney functions and acetylcholine esterase enzyme (AchE) were evaluated. Both Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate were assessed in brain tissues. The oxidative stress (malondialdehyde), anti-oxidative (glutathione and catalase), and pro-inflammatory (Tumor necrosis factor- α and interleukin-6) markers were estimated in renal tissues. Additionally, morphometric histological examination was performed in both renal and brain tissues. Both PRP and exosome-received rats exhibited a significant improvement in both serum kidney functions and AchE compared to I/R rats. There was a 3.39-fold increase in GABA and a 2.27-fold decrease in glutamate levels in the brain tissue of PRP rats compared to the I/R rats. A significant elevation (P ≤ 0.0001) of glutathione and catalase besides a significant reduction in the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 was observed in renal tissue compared to I/R rats. A significant severe reduction (P < 0.0001) in the number of Purkinje cells, pyramidal cells in the cerebellar cortex, and the CA1 region in the hippocampus was observed in I/R rats which was significantly alleviated by both PRP and exosome. Furthermore, there was a significant improvement in Doppler parameters. PRP exerted a significant superior impact on the restoration of kidney functions and repairing uremic-induced damage in brain tissue.
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7,445 members
Amr Selim Abu Lila
  • Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy
Tamer Hassn Hassan
  • Faculty of Medicine
Samar M Sharaf
  • Department of Clinical Pathology (Laboratory Medicine)
Hanan M. M. Tork
  • Department of Pediatric Nursing
Yasser Selim
  • Department of Chemistry
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Zagazig, Egypt