Yaşar University

The Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Codes (SNARC) effect refers to the phenomenon of faster left-hand responses to smaller numbers and faster right-hand responses to larger ones. The current study examined the possible long-lasting effects of magnitude-relevant stimulus-response compatibility (SRC) practices on the SNARC effect in a transfer paradigm. Participants performed a magnitude classification task including either SNARC-compatible or SNARC-incompatible trials as practice. They performed a parity judgment task in the subsequent transfer session, administered five minutes, one day or a week after the practice session. Results revealed significant SNARC effects after compatible practices and significant reverse SNARC effects after incompatible practices in all time-interval conditions. However, a control group without practice showed no reliable SNARC effect. These findings suggest that the SNARC effect can be influenced by magnitude-relevant associations formed a week previously, highlighting the long-lasting effects of magnitude-relevant SRC practices on the SNARC effect.

The study investigated the physicasl characteristics and mechanical performance of fly ash-based geopolymer composites when exposed to high temperatures. Geopolymer composites were produced using fly ash as an aluminosilicate-rich raw material and a combination of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide as an alkaline activator. In this context, the study also examined the impact of partially replacing metakaolin (7.5% and 15% by weight). Furthermore, the study aims to examine the impact of adding fiber (basalt and carbon types) on the physical, mechanical, and high-temperature properties of geopolymer composites. The physical properties investigated were unit weight, apparent porosity, water absorption, and capillary water absorption, while the strength performances investigated were flexural and compressive strengths. To monitor the effect of high temperatures on the strength characteristics of the geopolymer composites, the mixtures were exposed to temperatures of 200 °C, 400 °C, and 600 °C. Besides, SEM images were provided to illustrate the degree of geopolimerization. The results indicated that metakaolin replacement yielded mixtures having higher unit weight, but lower apparent porosity and water absorption. The results indicated that metakaolin replacement yielded mixtures having a higher unit weight, reaching an increase of about 5%, but lower apparent porosity and water absorption, with decreases reaching 18.3% and 20%, respectively. The metakaolin-blended geopolymer composites resulted in better strength performance and resistance to high temperatures. Raising the metakaolin replacement level from 0 to 15% led to an increase of 17.3% in flexural strength. The compressive strength of the composites subjected to a temperature of 200 °C exhibited an increase of over 10%. Notably, this rate of increment was observed to be nearly 20% higher in nonfibrous composites. Fiber addition decreased the compressive strength up to about 21%, while increasing the flexural strength up to 65%. Strength performance improved at 200 °C, but decreased at higher temperatures up to 600 °C. The geopolymer composites experienced significant mass loss when exposed to high temperatures.

Action-state orientation (ASO) refers to regulatory modes influencing intention initiation and goal pursuit. While ASO pertains to both dispositional and time- and context-sensitive states, extant research predominantly focuses on individual differences in ASO, leaving within-person dynamics and situational antecedents underexplored. Addressing this gap, the study explored task-related fluctuations in ASO (ASO-T) and its relationship with task-related affect and anticipated task difficulty. Both the pilot study (Nperson = 62, Nmeasurement = 248) and the main study (Nperson = 165, Nmeasurement = 660) employed a biweekly data collection. However, in the main study, the assessment of anticipated task difficulty and other measures was temporally separated. Results of the pilot study indicated that the measurement of ASO-T is a reliable and valid instrument and ASO-T displays substantial within-person variation. The main study findings showed that task-related negative affect, but not positive affect, mediates the relationship between anticipated task difficulty and two forms of ASO-T (hesitation and preoccupation). Additionally, task-related positive affect was more strongly related to ASO-T than task-related negative affect. These findings confirm ASO-T as a context-sensitive and malleable construct and extend the ASO research by shedding light on task-related, situational antecedents of ASO-T.

Quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) with layer depth p is promising near-optimum performance and low complexity for NP-hard maximum-likelihood (ML) detection in n × n multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems. Experimental challenges for ML detection on Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) computers arise from accumulated errors with large p and n . Recursive QAOA (RQAOA) is promising with small p by reducing complexity over n steps. In this article, we modify RQAOA for p ≪ n with cost sorting and post-selection in m ≪ n steps, and then integrate it with majority voting (MV) and successive interference cancellation (SIC) into the QAOA-MVSIC algorithm to tackle experimental challenges. We truncate QAOA circuits to further improve experimental feasibility. Simulations with n = 24 and 12 for BPSK and QPSK modulations, respectively, show near-optimum bit-error rate (BER) with p = 1 and m ≤ 4. Truncated version requires O ( m n p ) quantum and O ( m n ² ) classical operations with low complexity. We experimentally implement QAOA combined with MV (QAOA-MV) for n ϵ [17; 64] in IBM Eagle processor by observing superior performance of QAOA-MV over QAOA and reducing problem dimensions by at least n /4. We generalize QAOA as cost-restricted uniform sampling (CRUS) oracle and approximately simulate for n ≤ 128 to obtain comparison benchmark for future QAOA experiments.

Given the ubiquitous nature of love, numerous theories have been proposed to explain its existence. One such theory refers to love as a commitment device, suggesting that romantic love evolved to foster commitment between partners and enhance their reproductive success. In the present study, we investigated this hypothesis using a large-scale sample of 86,310 individual responses collected across 90 countries. If romantic love is universally perceived as a force that fosters commitment between long-term partners, we expected that individuals likely to suffer greater losses from the termination of their relationships—including people of lower socioeconomic status, those with many children, and women—would place a higher value on romantic love compared to people with higher status, those with fewer children, and men. These predictions were supported. Additionally, we observed that individuals from countries with a higher (vs. lower) Human Development Index placed a greater level of importance on romantic love, suggesting that modernization might influence how romantic love is evaluated. On average, participants worldwide were unwilling to commit to a long-term romantic relationship without love, highlighting romantic love’s universal importance.

Spatial-Numerical Associations (SNAs) refer to the demonstrations of spatial processing of numbers. The Mental Number Line (MNL) is a representation model describing numbers as aligning left-to-right (LR) and was suggested to account for directional biases in participants’ responses during numerical tasks. One common behavioral demonstration of this is the Spatial-Numerical Associations of Response Codes (SNARC) effect, which describes faster left-/right-hand responses to smaller/larger numbers, respectively. The MNL, and, consequently, directional SNAs, show variabilities across different cultures. Reading direction is considered to be the main factor in explaining these differences. In line with this, individuals with right-to-left (RL) reading habits show a weaker or even reverse SNARC effect. In the present study, we investigated whether SNAs are influenced not only by reading direction, but also by cultural directional preferences such as drawing lines, arranging objects, imagining objects (i.e., rightward or leftward facing), or representing events in time (i.e., mentally representing the past/future on the left/right, respectively). To test this hypothesis, we measured the cultural directional preferences and the SNARC effect across three cultures in an online setup; German, Turkish, and Iranian. LR preferences in the Cultural Directional Preferences Questionnaire were most prominent in German participants, intermediate in Turkish participants, and least prominent in Iranian participants. In line with this, the LR SNARC effect was strongest in German, intermediate in Turkish, and weakest (but not RL) in Iranian culture. These findings suggest that cultural directional preferences are involved in the emergence of adult SNAs in addition to the reading direction.

Prior research has predominantly examined the role of working memory (WM) in tasks involving numerical information and spatial properties, such as memorizing number sequences and performing parity judgment and magnitude comparison. In contrast to focusing solely on the effect of WM on number judgment tasks, our study investigates how magnitude-space associations affect WM task performance, emphasizing long-term representations, specifically the concept of mental number line (MNL) compatibility (small items on the left, large items on the right) in long-term memory (LTM). Moving from the idea of representations within LTM contribute to the functioning of WM during task execution, we explore the effects of congruent, incongruent, and negative congruent numerical and non-numerical magnitude–space associations on magnitude-based 1-back (low WM load) and 2-back (high WM load) tasks. MNL compatible n-back and test items are congruent, MNL compatible n-back and MNL incompatible (small on the right, large on the left) test items (or vice versa) are incongruent, and MNL incompatible n-back and test items are considered negative congruent. Because negative congruent and incongruent representations may not activate existing representations in LTM, as congruent representations, we expected worse WM performance in negative congruent and incongruent trials than in congruent trials. Results reveal that congruent and incongruent representations elicit more accurate and rapid responses than negative congruents, suggesting that congruent and incongruent representations contribute to task execution. Additionally, we observe a size effect for small numerical magnitudes and a reverse size effect for large physical magnitudes, pointing towards the coactivation of LTM and WM in magnitude–space relations.

Conspiracy theories assert that others have engaged in dishonest actions. However, existing research indicates that individuals who believe in conspiracy theories may themselves be more inclined to engage in dishonest behavior. We conducted two preregistered studies—one in Turkey ( N = 706) and the other in Canada ( N = 835) and South Africa, ( N = 867)—testing the hypotheses that conspiracy beliefs would be positively correlated with (a) dishonest behavior during a monetary incentivized lying task and (b) overestimating the prevalence of dishonesty among other people. Overall, we found that stronger conspiracy beliefs were associated with higher dishonesty. Participants tended to overestimate dishonesty among their peers, but this tendency was significantly more pronounced among people with stronger conspiracy beliefs. Contrary to our hypothesis, country-level corruption did not moderate this association. These results shed light on the complex relationship between conspiracy beliefs, dishonesty, and expectations of dishonesty.

Utilization of renewable resources has become imperative, and considerable efforts have been devoted to tackling diverse global sustainability challenges, which contribute to the circular economy. The focus of this work was to optimize the extraction of polyphenolic compounds in Pinus brutia bark using microwave-assisted (MAE) and ultrasonically assisted (UAE) extractions and evaluate the biological efficacies of the extracts. Additionally, the residue of the extracted pine bark was subjected to steam gasification to produce hydrogen-rich syngas and activated carbon. The optimum process parameters for MAE were determined as 70 °C, 10 min, and 900 W, and 987.32 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE), 23.7 mg quercetin/g extract, and 86.2% antioxidant activity were obtained. The optimum process parameters for UAE were determined as 70 °C, 20 min, and 50% power, and 811.84 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE), 30.1 mg quercetin/g extract, and 90.8% antioxidant efficiency were obtained. The extracts obtained under optimized conditions were assessed for the bioactive phenolic compounds taxifolin, (−)-catechin, (−)-epicatechin, and (−)-epicatechin gallate by ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). Especially in MAE (ethanol), taxifolin content was notable (34.0 mg/g extract), followed by UAE (ethanol) (23.5 mg/g extract). Compared to MAE (ethanol) and UAE (ethanol) with regards to catechin content, 1.05 mg/g extract and 0.81 mg/g extract were obtained, respectively. Catalytic and noncatalytic steam gasification of pine bark residue yielded 57.3 and 60.8 mol % H2, respectively. In addition, excellent tar reduction was achieved through utilizing a 10% boron-modified CaO alkali catalyst, and the obtained activated carbon exhibited 1358.32 m²/g Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area and 1.05 cm³/g total pore volume, which has potential use as an adsorbent for removing heavy metals and electrode material for supercapacitor application.

Architectural design pedagogy is indeed complex. At the early stages, basic design principles should be addressed and the design process should be taught with its multidisciplinary variables to enable each student to develop an individual approach. In this regard, the objective of this study is to propose strategies for enhancing students’ learning and production abilities within the context of architectural education. The present study also considers the interactions and learning processes of students in design studios. The study has yielded hypotheses that underscore the necessity for the incorporation of novel and dynamic learning elements to facilitate and reinforce this process, alongside the significance of interactions between all these elements. In this context, the educational processes and components of architectural design studios were initially examined, and processes and components supporting student development were subsequently identified. In order to provide support for the identified hypotheses, a pentagon model was created and relationship network diagrams and DEMATEL analyses were conducted. Furthermore, the model was evaluated through a case study conducted with first-year students enrolled in the architectural design course during the fall term of 2022–2023 at the Department of Architecture of Bingöl University. A significant outcome of this study is the provision of a guide for researchers and studio instructors in architectural education, which details the progression of design studios. Testing the proposed model in various studios and educational settings will contribute to the development of the identified hypotheses and the created model.

With the development of technology and the emergence of the necessity to adapt to variable environmental conditions, kinetic systems have gained importance in architecture. Especially in the last decades, the need for a transformable, adaptable, dynamic architecture has increased. According to research, kinetic facades positively affect the environmental performance of buildings. Daylight is a natural force that can change depending on the movement of the sun. A fixed shading element is effective only at certain times of the day, but a kinetic element can respond to varying environmental conditions. Using such systems is important to achieve better daylighting performance. In this article, the proposed kinetic facade is tested to determine the type required for a secondary facade element that is planned to be applied to a facade of a university building in Izmir. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of using kinetic facades daylighting performance with simulation method using Rhino/Grasshopper and its add-ons. This research will be examined in three parts: analysis of existing situation, simulation of the proposed kinetic facade, and evaluation and discussion of simulation results. As a result of the analysis, it is expected to find the result that kinetic systems improve the environmental performance of the building. In addition, it will be determined to what extent the level of openness of the kinetic facades affects the building performance. In this study also proposes a systematic approach for kinetic facades to test indoor daylighting performance, establish daylight assessment and improvement.

Economic prosperity, energy security, and environmental sustainability are all greatly impacted by the use of renewable energy sources. Renewable energy sources are vital in the battle against climate change and do not affect the environment like energy production based on fossil fuels does. Furthermore, more efficiency, sustainability, and safety are guaranteed in the energy industry through the integration of digital technology and the renewable energy sector. By ensuring the energy supply and promoting environmental sustainability goals, this improves energy security. As a result, the significance of this integration will be crucial to the future of the energy industry. Finding the emerging digital technology that the market requires also helps with managerial and real-world application decision-making processes. Determining which technology is more significant in the field of renewable energy is the goal of this study. This study presents eight distinct new digital technologies, all of which are evaluated using the fuzzy Delphi technique. According to the results, Internet of Things, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (E2), and Big Data Analytics are found as the most important technologies for the renewable energy sector.

This book, and its individual essays, examine key emerging and evolving practices, theories and methodologies that operate in the blurred boundary between spatial design disciplines, such as architecture, interior and urban design, and film and moving image studies more broadly. The collection is an exploration of the evolving interdisciplinary rhetoric connecting spatial design disciplines like architecture and urban design with film and moving image studies. It is premised on the argument that the understanding of ‘space’ in these areas continues to draw on each other’s fields of reference and that, in recent times, this has expanded further to the point in which it blurs with multiple other disciplines including media art, cultural studies and art practice, to name but three. The result of this evolving interdisciplinary understating of ‘space’ in design disciplines and moving image studies is an expanded field of haptic-visual practice and theory that can be investigated as both a material and an image-based construct. It engages with this evolving set of ideas and underlines how each of its primary discipline areas now increasingly incorporate tools and methodologies from each other’s fields. For example, architects routinely engage with cinematic practice as a means of exploring space, cultural theorists inspect filmic space as a two-dimensional surrogate of the real, media artists incorporate knowledge of spatial design in video installations, and film makers create spaces on screen that are informed by architectural theory. This all follows what can be defined as a discursive turn in our view of spatial relationships across disciplines which, by definition, is complex, eclectic, occasionally contradictory and at times characterised by surprising confluences. Conceived as a form of mapping of these confluences and contradictions, this book collects varied essays that, in their own unique ways, explore the diversity of how we today define, understand and engage with notions of the body in architectural-urban space. It does so through a triadic structure that progresses from haptic relationships of the body in architectural space, through film readings of represented space in mainstream cinema, and concludes with ‘experimental spatial’ projects inspired by film and the moving image. This tripartite structure specifically encourages a look across disciplines, broadening architectural, urbanist, media and cinematic concerns through insightful case studies that engage with their subjects by means of novel techniques, i.e. employing graphic software for an analysis of pre-digital films, deconstructing cinematography in modernist classics, or researching urban edgelands via collaging and montage etc.

In this paper, a circular ring monopole antenna, along with its MIMO configuration for sub-6 GHz, sub-7 GHz and mm-wave 5G applications is presented. The single element spans a wide range of frequencies in the sub-6 GHz and mm-wave regions, including a triple-band covering 1.9–6 GHz, 23.3–33.5 GHz, and a super-wide band starting from 37.5 GHz. A two-element MIMO antenna, derived from the single element, has been developed to operate in both frequency regions. It meets the −10 dB criterion with a bandwidth of 4.8 GHz (3.2 to 7.3 GHz) in the sub-6 GHz/sub-7 GHz spectrum. Additionally, the antenna exhibits a super-wide band in the mm-wave region starting at 30.4 GHz. The design covers key bands such as n78, LTE band 46, n96, 39 GHz band, 41 GHz band and more, assigned for 5G sub-6 GHz, sub-7 GHz and mm-wave applications. Improved isolation from 12 dB to 18.5 dB is achieved through a simple decoupling line structure between elements. The proposed MIMO antenna (75 × 56.4 × 1.52 mm³) exhibits a peak gain of 9.8 dBi, high isolation (18.5 dB), low envelope correlation coefficient (ECC <0.016 ), high diversity gain (DG > 9.995), and efficiency (< 97%).

In this chapter, I delve into the contradictions arising from participatory observations contrasted with academic desk studies. These contradictions can be categorized into four thematic codes: integration, language, cultural diplomacy, and overgeneralization. Initial perceptions derived from scholarly discourse regarding immigrant film festivals’ function as facilitators of integration were challenged by nuanced observations during fieldwork. The study revealed that identity-based film festivals not only address a need for representation but also serve as platforms for establishing identities within societal frameworks. The research also addresses the oversimplification of terms such as “immigrant-based” or “Turkish immigrant” film festivals, highlighting the need for nuanced understanding. Case studies of three Turkish film festivals in Germany underscore the role of language in shaping festival dynamics and cultural identity. Language proficiency emerges as a significant marker of immigration history, illustrating generational disparities within Turkish immigrant communities in Germany. Quantitative surveys have revealed nuances overlooked in participatory observations, highlighting the complexity of cross-cultural interactions within festival settings. Overall, this study enriches our understanding of immigrant film festivals as dynamic spaces where language, identity, and cultural diplomacy intersect, challenging simplistic narratives of integration and cultural representation.

This chapter explores the emotional engagement, experiences, and motivation of Turkish immigrant audiences attending Turkish film festivals in Germany, focusing on three specific events: the International Frankfurt Turkish Film Festival, Munich Turkish Film Days, and Nuremberg Turkey/Germany Film Festival. This research design involves a two-stage approach, incorporating both survey and focus group discussions. These festivals evoke diverse emotions, revealing the dynamic interplay between belonging and exclusion and the constant oscillation between a sense of “Turkness” and feelings of otherness. These contradictions between personal identity, social identity, and collective identity and the differentiation between inside and outside the festival underscore the unstable and fluid relationship between festivals and their audiences.

In this chapter, the films screened at three long-lasting and popular Turkish film festivals held in Germany, the International Frankfurt Turkish Film Festival (FTFF), the Nuremberg Turkey/Germany Film Festival (NTGFF), and the Munich Turkish Film Days (MTFD) are analyzed for the three-year period spanning from 2021 to 2023. If we acknowledge the significant impact of identity-driven immigrant film festivals in molding the cinematic tastes and viewpoints of immigrant viewers, and in shaping their perceptions of their home countries while also setting immigrant-related agendas, this study investigates how these three specific film festivals address these themes through their curated film choices. In order to achieve this aim, the three selected film festivals’ screened programs for the chosen period are analyzed by conducting qualitative content analysis of the films’ short synopses as written in the festivals’ booklets with a particular focus on three key narrative elements: the central theme of the film, the primary character, and the location of the main conflict. The rationale behind choosing these three points is that discussing the film themes provides insights into a festival's agenda, describing the location offers a perspective on how Turkey is portrayed, and character descriptions offer clues to the identity politics conveyed by the selected films. Analyzing all the films together showcased at these three festivals over the course of three years will give insights into the overarching trends in Turkish cinema as it pertains to immigrant audiences. Examining each festival individually over this three-year period will further reveal distinctions and variations between the festivals.