Yalova University

Background This study was motivated by the lack of anthropometric data on Kyrgyz children and the need to better understand the effects of these data on child development. Objective The purpose of this study is to examine the anthropometric characteristics of Kyrgyz boys and girls aged 8 to 10 years in primary education. Methods The research was conducted across 55 primary schools in the Bishkek and Chüy regions of Kyrgyzstan. Participants included 8-year-olds (n=1215), 9-year-olds (n=1211), and 10-year-olds (n=879), both male and female. Measurements of height, body mass, diameter and circumference were taken. The data obtained were evaluated using SPSS 25 program. Comparisons according to age groups were made by ANOVA analysis. P<0.001 was accepted as significance level. Results Statistically significant differences were identified in terms of height and body mass across all age groups for both boys and girls (p<0.05). Additionally, significant differences were found across all age groups for both boys and girls in wrist, ankle, calf, biceps extension and flexion, chest, waist, hip, neck, and shoulder circumferences, as well as arm span and arm length (p<0.001). Furthermore, statistically significant differences were observed in shoulder, chest, patella, ankle, humerus elbow, femur knee, and chest depth diameters across all age groups for both boys and girls (p<0.001). Conclusion As a result, it can be said that there is a proportional increase in height, body mass, circumference and diameter characteristics parallel to growth in both girls and boys in parallel with age.

People nowadays travel to a destination and then become a source of information about that destination. This study concentrated on the information-sharing behavior of individuals regarding destinations within the context of online brand advocacy. This study aims to investigate online brand advocacy behavior and provide an explanation for it using individual assessments of destination management, brand experience, and satisfaction. Using Amazon's Mechanical Turk, 657 participants were contacted online. Using partial least squares-structural equation modeling, the data were analyzed. The effects of destination management, destination brand experience, and destination satisfaction on online brand advocacy were empirically validated by the findings. The findings have significant implications for destination managers seeking to develop strong destination identities, as well as for tourism research, as they provide a novel method for examining destination branding.

Aim: The study was aimed at determining the mediating role of alexithymia in the relationship between anxious attachment style and internet addiction in nursing students. Method: The current cross-sectional study was conducted with nursing students studying in a province located in western Türkiye. The study data were collected from 266 students using the face-to-face interview technique with the self-report scales between February 2024 and June 2024. The descriptive statistics and correlation analyses of the current study were performed using the SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) 25.0 program, and the mediating role analysis was conducted using the PROCESS Macro model 4 for SPSS. The data obtained were analyzed with descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and mediating role analysis. Results: The mean age of the participants was 21.18 (Min: 18, Max: 28). Of them, 165 (62%) were men, 101 (38%) were women, and only 3 (1%) were married. The time they spent for daily internet use varied between 1 and 5 h. Anxious attachment style predicts pathological internet use and alexithymia. At the same time, alexithymia predicts pathological internet use. Mediator role analyses indicate that alexithymia is a mediator in the relationship between anxious attachment and internet addiction (p<0.05). Conclusion: Nursing students, who will perform nursing, which has a crucial position in health services, should be provided with trainings on attachment styles, correct internet use, recognizing, and expressing emotions, and students at risk should be recognized and provided with professional psychosocial support if necessary. Testing the study hypotheses on nursing students in different regions would be beneficial for generalizing the findings. Considering the role of different attachment styles, it would be useful to investigate other variables that may mediate the relationship between attachment styles and pathological internet use.

This study investigated the mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)-based nanocomposites reinforced with different types and concentrations of nanofillers. The uniaxial tensile testing results indicated that Young’s modulus (E) generally decreased with increasing filler content, except at 0.500 w.% filler concentration, where a slight increase in stiffness was observed. A statistically significant interaction between sample type and filler concentration was identified (p = 0.045). Fracture toughness measurements revealed a significant reduction in impact resistance at 1.000 w.% filler concentration, with values dropping by up to 67% compared with neat acrylonitrile butadiene styrene. Dynamic mechanical vibration testing confirmed a decrease in stiffness, as evidenced by a shift of the first resonance frequency (fR1) to lower values. Hardness measurements including indentation and Shore D hardness exhibited an increasing trend with rising filler concentration, with statistically significant differences observed at specific concentration levels (p < 0.05). Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that nanofillers were well dispersed at lower concentrations, but agglomeration began above 0.500 w.%, resulting in void formation and a noticeable decline in mechanical properties. The results suggest that an optimal filler concentration range of 0.250–0.500 w.% offers an ideal balance between enhanced mechanical properties and material integrity.

This study aims to develop sustainable polyester hybrid composites by incorporating environmentally friendly fillers such as pistachio shell and talc into an orthophthalic polyester matrix. The goal is to produce cost-effective, eco-friendly materials for applications such as exterior cladding and electronic enclosures. The mechanical (tensile, flexural, impact), thermal (FT-IR, TGA, DSC), and physical (water absorption, hardness, density, gloss) properties of the prepared composites were tested. Pure polyester exhibited the highest tensile strength at approximately 50 MPa, while the addition of 40% pistachio shell reduced the mechanical properties by 69%. In contrast, the addition of talc increased the tensile strength by 55% compared to the composite with only pistachio shell. Talc also improved thermal stability (increasing the T5 temperature by 7% and Tmax by 2%) and reduced water absorption by 4%. The combination of both fillers optimized the material properties, providing a sustainable and high-performance alternative. These findings suggest that further optimization of filler content could improve performance and expand material applications. Graphical abstract From raw pistachio shell to composite: processing in a polyester matrix

This study investigates the impact of six distinct lattice structures (Gyroid, Diamond, Schwarz, SplitP, Lidinoid, and Kelvin) on the mechanical performance and biocompatibility of CoCrMoW-based tibial implants. Finite element analysis was conducted using nTopology to simulate compression tests under a 3100 N load, evaluating important parameters such as stress, strain, displacement, reaction forces, mass, volume, and porosity. Global stiffness values were calculated based on the test results. The effect of lattice structure designs on global stiffness properties was determined. The results show that lattice structures improve the mechanical strength and biocompatibility of tibial implants and reduce the mass and stiffness value, consequently improving osseointegration and long-term stability.

This study explores a relatively under-researched area concerning the influence of loading rate on the flexural properties of particulate-filled bio-composites and the effects of incorporating natural particles on their damage parameters. To investigate these aspects, three-point flexural tests were conducted across a range of bending speeds from 0.1 mm/s to 10 mm/s. The material under study consisted of Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) reinforced with hemp particles at varying contents (1–10 wt%). Additionally, the impact of hemp particle incorporation on the damage parameters of ABS was evaluated through cyclic loading-unloading tension tests. The flexural test results demonstrated a consistent increase in the flexural modulus of ABS with rising strain rates, irrespective of the hemp particle content. In contrast, the percentage reduction in flexural strength exhibited a diminishing trend as the bending rate increased. Findings from the cyclic loading-unloading tension tests further revealed that the addition of hemp particles intensifies the degradation of ABS’s elastic modulus, with this effect becoming more pronounced at higher particle contents. Finite element simulations incorporating the experimentally determined damage parameters successfully reproduced the flexural load-displacement curves of the materials at different strain rates. These simulations corroborated the experimental findings and offered insights for optimizing material performance.

Deciding on appropriate transport modes is critical in terms of emissions, time, and cost. However, transport routes do not always allow for the selection of the most cost-effective and environmentally friendly modes of transport. Therefore, various modes of transportation must be used together to overcome these constraints. This study investigates the use of a combination of different transportation modes in container transport from Filyos in Turkey to Vienna. Constanța has been selected as the trans-shipment port on the transport route, and three distinct modes of transport have been used from Constanța to Vienna, including road, rail, and riverway. As a result of this study, the fuel consumption, CO2 emissions, time, and cost for each intermodal transport type were evaluated comparatively. Although seaway transportation is advantageous in terms of emissions, cost, and fuel consumption, it is determined that road transport is more beneficial in terms of time. The maximum and minimum CO2 emissions were calculated to be 2,107,124 tonnes and 365.6 tonnes for roadway and seaway transportation, respectively.

Purpose In this study, it was aimed to examine the relationship between the profunda brachii artery and the radial nerve at the entrance to and within the radial groove considering no comparable study was found in the literature. Method Dissection was performed in 44 upper extremities (21 right and 23 left) of 24 fixed cadavers used for medical education at Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Department of Anatomy. Results Profunda brachii artery was found to be a single artery in 39 extremities and a double artery in 5 extremities. In 27 cases with single PBA, the nerve was located superolateral to the PBA (Type A), and in 8 cases the nerve was located inferomedial to the PBA (Type B). In all 5 extremities with double profunda brachii artery, the proximal branch was superolateral (Type A) and the distal branch was inferomedial (Type B). Conclusions This research will support surgeons understanding how to better anatomically and radiologically treat humeral fractures and lateral arm flap applications.

In this study, CuCrZr, CuNi2SiCr and CuBe2 electrodes with three levels of discharge current (Ip), pulse on time (Ton), and pulse off time (Toff) were used for the experimental evaluation of surface crack density (SCD) and white layer thickness (WLT) after electrical discharge machining (EDM) operation of X45NiCrMo4 tool steel. Images from a scanning electron microscope were used to examine the machined SCD and WLT. A grey relational analysis was used to determine the ideal levels of machining parameters for SCD and WLT. As a result of the experimental investigation, the effect of electrode type was found to be limited. SCD increased at low discharge current levels; however, an increase in discharge current yields a greater WLT. The most important parameter at the GRG level is the Ton. Toff, electrode type, and Ip followed in order. The optimization process for SCD and WLT using Taguchi-based grey relational analysis resulted in a 14.25% improvement.

Background and Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of different tension loads in post-activation potentiation protocols on agility and vertical jump performance across different times of day in trained judokas, addressing a significant gap in understanding the interaction between diurnal variations and post-activation potentiation protocol responses in combat sports. Materials and Methods: Seventeen male judokas (age: 21.41 ± 1.37 years) with ≥2 years of training experience participated in the study. Participants completed three different protocols: specific warm-up, the 80% post-activation potentiation protocol, and the 100% post-activation potentiation protocol, performed both in the morning (09:00–11:00) and evening (17:00–19:00) sessions. Performance was assessed using the Illinois Agility Test and countermovement jump. Protocols were randomized and counterbalanced over a 3-week period, with a minimum 48 h recovery between sessions. Statistical analysis employed repeated measures ANOVA (3 × 2) with Greenhouse–Geisser corrections. Results: Significant differences were observed in both protocols and time interactions for agility (F = 41.691, ηp² = 0.864, p < 0.001; F = 23.893, ηp² = 0.123, p < 0.001) and countermovement jump performance (F = 7.471, ηp² = 0.410, p = 0.002; F = 38.651, ηp² = 0.530, p < 0.001). The 80% post-activation potentiation protocol demonstrated superior performance outcomes compared to both specific warm-up and 100% post-activation potentiation protocols. Evening performances were generally better than morning performances for both agility and countermovement jump; however, the protocols/time interaction was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The 80% post-activation potentiation protocol was most effective for enhancing both agility and vertical jump performance in judokas, with superior results observed during evening sessions. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing warm-up strategies in judo competition, suggesting that lower-intensity post-activation potentiation protocols might be more beneficial than maximal loading, particularly during evening competitions.

Purpose The relationship between attentional bias and substance use patterns and cravings in addiction is well documented. However, the connections between attentional bias and relapse remain unclear. This systematic review aims to examine and synthesize longitudinal studies on the relationship between attentional bias and relapse. Methods Following PRISMA guidelines, databases including PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Scopus were searched, yielding 1992 articles. Ultimately, 13 studies were included in this systematic review. Studies were evaluated and coded using a tool developed by the researchers. This review includes studies that explore the associations between attentional bias and relapse related to alcohol and other psychoactive substances. Results Findings on the relationship between attentional bias and relapse were inconsistent. However, studies with larger sample sizes demonstrated significant associations between attentional bias and relapse. Generally, the lack of a clear definition of relapse, varied assessment methods, and differences in the implementation of attentional bias tasks contributed to conflicting results. Conclusion The findings provide valuable insights for professionals in the field of addiction and researchers focusing on attentional bias. Further research is necessary to elucidate the relationship between attentional bias and relapse, emphasizing the need for clear definitions of relapse and the use of reliable methods to evaluate both relapse and attentional bias. In addition, studies investigating the impact of attentional bias modification on relapse outcomes would be beneficial.

Table olives are an important component of the Mediterranean diet and are known to be highly beneficial to health due to their rich content of phenolic compounds, high levels of monounsaturated fatty acids, vitamin E, phytosterols, squalene, minerals, and fiber. However, their natural bitterness caused by the presence of oleuropein makes them unpalatable in their raw form. Throughout history, various methods have been tried and developed to remove the bitterness of olives. In this study, Gemlik variety black olives underwent a heat pump drying (HPD) process at 40°C for semidrying, followed by different debittering treatments of dry salting and brining, and then samples were stored at 4°C for 5 days. The raw olive sample was found to be the richest in total phenolic content (TPC), oleuropein content, total antioxidant activity (TAA), and total monomeric anthocyanin (TMA) content. The debittering treatments reduced TPC; especially, dry salting led to the highest loss. However, the in vitro gastrointestinal (GI) digestion process increased TPC, indicating that phenolic compounds are still being extracted and released during digestion. DPPH and FRAP values of the predigestion (Ud) samples varied between 102.62 μmol TE/g dw and 224.62 μmol TE/g dw and between 12.67 and 127.96 μmol TE/g dw, respectively. Among the table olives processed using different debittering treatments, the one stored at +4°C exhibited the highest values for TAA and TMA content. All debittering treatments led to reductions in TAA and TMA levels. However, the in vitro small intestinal-digested (Isid) samples showed variations in TAA values, with an increase observed in TAA values for all samples determined by FRAP method. Similarly, TMA values ranged from 12.74 to 30.05 mg/kg in the Ud samples, while TMA values of the samples after in vitro GI digestion ranged from 36.06 mg/kg to 103.28 mg/kg. The treatments used lead to a decrease in oleuropein concentration and an increase in hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol levels. In the evaluation of the fatty acid composition of raw and table olives, 11 different fatty acids including oleic, palmitic, linoleic, stearic, elaidic, palmitoleic, and arachidic were detected in all samples. A total of 57 aroma compounds were detected in the samples, of which 55 were successfully identified. Among the samples, the one subjected to dry salting was the most preferred in terms of sensory evaluation. These findings suggest that when reduced salt consumption is a priority, low-temperature drying process in combination with other debittering treatments can result in olives with an improved flavor and enhanced functionality, providing a healthy black table olive option for consumers.

Correction for ‘N-doped carbon nanoparticles on highly porous carbon nanofiber electrodes for sodium ion batteries’ by Meltem Yanilmaz et al., RSC Adv., 2023, 13, 7834–7842, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3RA00635B.

To develop novel materials through the recycling of waste polymers and to enhance their mechanical and thermal properties, composites were synthesized using chain extenders (CEs), compatibilizers (PP-g-MA), and short carbon fiber (CF) reinforcements within recycled polyamide 6 (rPA6) and polypropylene (rPP) blends. The recycling of waste polymers holds paramount importance in the context of environmental sustainability. This study investigates the role of additives in effectively improving the properties of recycled polymers. The composites were fabricated using the twin-screw extrusion method and subjected to a comprehensive range of characterizations, including Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), molecular weight analysis, melt flow index (MFI), heat deflection temperature (HDT), tensile testing, impact testing, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Additionally, ANOVA statistical methods were applied to analyze HDT, tensile, and impact test results. The findings of this research demonstrate that chain extenders and compatibilizers significantly enhance the mechanical properties of rPA6/rPP blends, while carbon fiber reinforcements markedly improve both tensile strength and impact resistance. Furthermore, the incorporation of rPP led to an approximately 4% reduction in hardness values; however, this loss was effectively compensated by the addition of chain extenders and CF reinforcements, resulting in an overall increase in hardness. It was observed that chain extenders enhanced the elastic modulus and tensile strength by reinforcing interphase bonding, whereas CF reinforcements strengthened the polymer matrix, leading to improved impact resistance. These findings emphasize the synergistic role of chain extenders, compatibilizers, and CF reinforcements in enhancing the mechanical properties of rPA6/rPP blends. The study underscores recycling as both an environmentally beneficial and effective strategy for developing durable, high-performance composites for industrial use. Consequently, the utilization of recycled polymers contributes substantially to the circular and sustainable materials economy, demonstrating the potential for the widespread industrial adoption of such composites.

A domain name is a nonphysical asset like a trademark, trade name, business name, or unique sign. Registering a domain name, composed of words, letters, or numbers, grants the registrant a contractual right to its exclusive use. However, simply registering a domain name does not provide ownership rights. To acquire ownership of a domain name, the registrant must demonstrate justified use or legitimate interest in the domain name. Even without an initial justifiable or legitimate interest, utilizing the domain name to achieve distinctive authority can lead to ownership rights. A domain name comprises both absolute and contractual rights. Thus, domain names, comprising both absolute and contractual rights, can be considered a form of property right. The legal nature of domain name rights has been addressed in rulings by both the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) and the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU).

Cyberbullying is an expected behavior among adolescents and threatens their psychosocial health. The current cross‐sectional study aims to determine the mediating role of the need to belong in the relationship between vulnerable narcissism and cyberbullying in adolescents. Study data were collected from 501 adolescents. The data were evaluated using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, and mediation analysis using the PROCESS Macro Model 4. The study suggests that vulnerable narcissism in adolescents predicts cyberbullying directly and indirectly through the need to belong. Interventions are recommended to ensure that the belonging needs of adolescents at risk are met in appropriate ways.

Breath and brain activity have been integral to daily life since time immemorial. Cognition and cardiorespiratory responses are closely interlinked, necessitating further investigation into their dynamics. The potential benefits of combining motor imagery (MI) and action observation (AO) based breathing exercises in rehabilitation have not been fully explored. This study was aimed at assessing the acute effects of MI combined with AO on cognitive function and cardiorespiratory responses. Thirty-three healthy adults were randomized into MI combined with AO breathing (MI+AO), active respiratory exercise (ARE), and control groups, with equal distribution across groups. Electroencephalography (EEG) data were collected using a Muse EEG headband, and cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) while imagining activities were measured via the Kinesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire (KVIQ). Significant improvements in the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test and systolic blood pressure were observed in the ARE group (p<0.05), alongside improvements in MoCA and KVIQ scores (p<0.05). EEG data revealed significant decreases in delta and theta power at the temporoparietal (TP) location in the ARE group (p<0.05). These findings suggest that MI and AO, when combined with respiratory exercises, may serve as effective passive strategies to support cognition and cardiorespiratory function, particularly in individuals who struggle to actively participate in pulmonary rehabilitation. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT06099483

This paper proposes an integrated approach that enhances traditional logit modeling by dynamically incorporating Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for more advanced spatial analysis. Conventional logit models often overlook spatial factors in decision making, but this approach incorporates spatial data to provide a deeper understanding of how geography influences choices. By using GIS in the postmodeling phase, spatial utility functions are calculated to visualize and analyze decision patterns across regions. A case study on multimodal public transportation preferences between Istanbul and Ankara, using survey data from 2757 participants, validates this approach. The results reveal distinct spatial patterns, with private vehicle users favoring airports due to better connectivity and public transport users preferring bus terminals. These findings emphasize the strategic importance of transportation hubs and the influence of spatial accessibility on user preferences. This GIS‐logit integration offers significant implications for transportation planning and policy, providing a scalable framework for analyzing spatially influenced decisions in various fields.