Wheelock College

This interview with Dr. Joan V. Gallos, 2023 recipient of the David L. Bradford Outstanding Educator Award from the Management and Organizational Behavior Teaching Society (MOBTS), explores the four components of what Gallos considers the “soul of teaching”—insights she wished she had understood when she began her teaching career more than 50 years ago. Her four insights advise educators to: (1) work with what they’ve got—and own it!, (2) fail in the right way (think progress, not perfection), (3) dive into the magic at the heart of teaching and learning, and (4) relax and take your time: becoming the best educator you can be is a journey of never arriving. The interview is presented to encourage others to both find the soul of their teaching and guide their individual and collective discovery of the connection, authenticity, and magic at the heart of all teaching and learning.

Purpose of Review To identify how recent immigration policies have affected the health of children in immigrant families (CIF). Recent Findings As the number of children and families arriving to the US border has increased, so too have immigration policies directly targeting them. Summary Anti-immigrant policies increase the dangers experienced by children migrating to the USA, while also limiting access to needed resources and medical care for CIF inside the country, including many who are US citizens. The resultant deprivation and toxic stress are associated with adverse consequences for children’s physical and mental health.

Background Hyperimmune plasma raised against β‐1→6‐poly‐N‐acetyl glucosamine (PNAG HIP) mediates more opsonophagocytic killing of Rhodococcus equi (R equi) than does R equi hyperimmune plasma (RE HIP) in vitro. The relative efficacy of PNAG HIP and RE HIP to protect foals against R equi pneumonia, however, has not been evaluated. Hypothesis Transfusion with PNAG HIP will be superior to RE HIP in foals for protection against R equi pneumonia in a randomized, controlled, blinded clinical trial. Animals Four hundred sixty Quarter Horse and Thoroughbred foals at 5 large breeding farms in the United States. Methods A randomized, controlled, blinded clinical trial was conducted in which foals were transfused within 24 hours after birth with 2 L of either RE HIP or PNAG HIP. Study foals were monitored through weaning for clinical signs of pneumonia by farm veterinarians. The primary outcome was the proportion of foals that developed pneumonia after receiving each type of plasma. Results The proportion of foals that developed pneumonia was the same between foals transfused with RE HIP (14%; 32/228) and PNAG HIP (14%; 30/215). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Results indicate that PNAG HIP was not superior to a commercially available, United States Department of Agriculture‐licensed RE HIP product for protecting foals against R equi pneumonia under field conditions.

While educators may be well positioned to support unaccompanied immigrant youth, there is limited interdisciplinary research focused on understanding the complexity of youth’s experiences in US schools. The purpose of this qualitative, interview-based study was to better understand how youth’s transnational experiences pre-, during, and post-migration affected their school-based experiences, and to explore how schools supported them. Participants included ten unaccompanied immigrant youths from Central America and six key informants who worked with youth in a professional capacity. Findings indicate that youth experienced multiple challenges including stressful and traumatic events, barriers to mental health and legal services, and unfamiliar cultural and linguistic norms that sometimes were not recognized or understood by their teachers and schools. The youth also brought important resources, such as high expectations and aspirations and strong connections to family and community. School-based experiences that built from youth’s resources and motivations (e.g., through school-community partnerships and responsive classroom practices) had the potential to enhance belonging, community connections, and wellness. More interdisciplinary research is needed to develop and support school-based practices and partnerships in consultation with youth that build from knowledge of their particular resources and challenges.

We establish analogues of the Hermite-Poulain theorem for linear finite difference operators with constant coefficients defined on sets of polynomials with roots on a straight line, in a strip, or in a half-plane. We also consider the central finite difference operator of the form $\begin{aligned} \Delta _{\theta , h}(f)(z)=e^{i\theta }f(z+ih)-e^{-i\theta }f(z-ih), \quad \theta \in [0,\pi ),\ \ h\in \mathbb {C}{\setminus }\{0\}, \end{aligned}$where f is a polynomial or an entire function of a certain kind, and prove that the roots of $\Delta _{\theta , h}(f)$ are simple under some conditions. Moreover, we prove that the operator $\Delta _{\theta , h}$ does not decrease the mesh on the set of polynomials with roots on a line and find the minimal mesh. The asymptotics of the roots of $\Delta _{\theta , h}(p)$ as $|h|\rightarrow \infty$ are found for any complex polynomial p. Some other interesting roots preserving properties of the operator $\Delta _{\theta , h}$ are also studied, and a few examples are presented.

In this issue of the Journal of Lesbian Studies we consider the ways trans- and homophobia in academia impact queer-identified women’s scholarship and personhood. By providing a wide view of these experiences in the field of education research – from field experience, to testomonio – this issue gives voice to the experiences of queer women in a field that has traditionally and continues to recognize, support and reify a straight, male, able, heteronormative, cis gender identity as the ideal by which all experiences, research and knowledge are measured. This journal issue is an embodied opportunity to witness queer women’s experience in teacher education.

The global refugee crisis requires providers of health and behavioral health services to develop culturally-effective practices that can meet the needs of the ever-changing demographics of those being resettled. Community health centers in the United States are often asked to provide services during the first year of resettlement for refugees. Social workers are among those professionals who provide the behavioral health services in the community health centers. To better understand the challenges for these providers, this qualitative study examines the experiences of 15 providers of refugee behavioral health services at community health centers in the northeast of the United States. The participants were interviewed, and those transcribed interviews were analyzed for themes. Findings revealed three main themes: client engagement as crucial; collaboration with interpreters; and cultural competence is an imperative but ill-defined. Important implications focus on the need for cultural competence and the challenge to obtain this competence given the resources and demands in community health centers.

In order to uncover the reason why adolescents generally experience less positive emotional experience in the presence of parents, we compared the association of perceived opportunities for autonomy and support to adolescents’ positive emotional states when they were with their parents vs. in other interpersonal contexts. Thirty-one white, lower socioeconomic status, ninth grade students evaluated the fulfillment of their autonomy and support needs and their emotional experiences at multiple time points within a variety of interpersonal contexts over a one-week period. Hierarchical linear modeling of 1268 surveys showed that, compared to when they were with only their parents, these adolescents experienced relatively more frequent positive emotions when they were with peers, or with other adults in addition to or in the absence of their parents. Moreover, perceived opportunities for autonomy and support were associated with positive emotional experiences at a given time point. Perceived autonomy and support operated differently depending on the interpersonal context; the effects of these opportunities were smaller in the context of parent-only interactions than those involving interactions with other people. This study contributes to the literature on adolescent affect by showing that the moment-by-moment, intra-individual psychological affordances of autonomy and support are differentially associated with emotional experiences depending on the interpersonal context. Furthermore, these findings suggest that individuation-relatedness theory appears to be applicable to a relatively understudied population, namely white adolescents from low-SES families.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify systematic relationships between personality domains and engagement in HIV care and secondary HIV prevention among sexual minority men living with HIV. Methods: This cross-sectional study examined the relationships between general personality traits of the Five-Factor Model of personality (e.g., Neuroticism and Conscientiousness) and engagement in medical care and condomless anal intercourse among a sample of highly sexually active sexual minority men living with HIV (N = 60). Results: Conscientiousness (B = -0.01, P < 0.05), Openness (B = -0.03, P < 0.05), and Extraversion (B = -0.03, P < 0.001) were each associated with engaging in fewer episodes of condomless anal intercourse and Conscientiousness alone was significantly related to having fewer sexual partners (B = -0.04, P < 0.001). Conscientiousness (odds ratio [OR] = 1.07, confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-1.13) and Extraversion (OR = 1.13, CI: 1.04-1.22) were both associated significantly with prevention service use. Conscientiousness alone was related to engagement in HIV medical case management (B = -0.11, P < 0.05), whereas both Conscientiousness (B = 0.41, P < 0.0001) and Neuroticism (B = -0.64, P < 0.001) were associated with perceived health. Furthermore, compared with the normative sample for the NEO-Personality Inventory-Revised, men in our sample scored significantly higher on Neuroticism and significantly lower on Conscientiousness (Ps < 0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that enduring individual differences may account, in part, for some of the high levels of condomless anal intercourse reported by this group, as well as engagement in and use of prevention services. We suggest strategies for engaging this group in secondary HIV prevention programs and initiatives.

This study was designed to analyze the feasibility of economic aspects assuming that the policy of diaper recycling is necessary. With respect to economic feasibility, the collection and transportation of the diaper waste, which accounts for much of the cost, need to be optimized. Starting with the results of a collection trial in Scotland (2012), the method used in a collection trial in Korea (2014) was analyzed to identify problems incurring additional costs. This paper targeted daycare centers in Nowon-Gu, Seoul—because of the quantity of waste diapers they produce and the efficiency of collection—to identify the problems and to predict the cost of collection. This study evaluated multiple scenarios in light of their collection costs, discovering factors that could improve the system and reduce the cost and created the most economically feasible and optimized collection model. This paper will serve as empirical evidence proving the economics of diaper collection when the regulation is revised or amended in the future.

Although Asian Americans are diverse in many ways, such as language, culture, ethnicity, religion, generational status, and more, many share a common experience: that of having experienced war first hand or being progeny of war survivors. World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, the Cambodian genocide, along with centuries of oppressive and authoritarian rule, have brought experiences of trauma, directly and historically, to the lives of many Asians. Subsequent experiences of migration and resettlement, as well as life in the United States as an ethnic minority, have also compounded the layers of oppression for many Asian Americans. Sexism in our cultures of origin, as well as sexism in the U.S., represents additional realities and traumas faced by Asian American women. In this article, we explore the experiences of war and subsequent traumas in the lives of Asian American women. We present a brief review of the current state of mental health as it relates to the experiences of war trauma, with the goal of providing a crucial contextual backdrop for our review of the best practices in mental health services to Asian American women. We review some of the best practices and conclude with a narrative reflection based on our own involvement in a small professional women’s group that yielded insights, discoveries, healing, and empowerment from the legacy of war trauma.

Modern cosmological simulations model the universe with increasing sophistication and at higher spatial and temporal resolutions. These enhancements permit detailed comparisons between the simulation outputs and real observational data. Recent projects such as Illustris are capable of producing simulated images that are comparable to those obtained from local surveys. This paper tests how well Illustris achieves this goal across a diverse population of galaxies using visual morphologies derived from Galaxy Zoo citizen scientists. Morphological classifications provided by volunteers for simulated galaxies are compared with similar data for a compatible sample of images drawn from the SDSS Legacy Survey. This paper investigates how simple morphological characterization by human volunteers asked to distinguish smooth from featured systems differs between simulated and real galaxy images. Differences are identified, which are likely due to the limited resolution of the simulation, but which could be revealing real differences in the dynamical evolution of populations of galaxies in the real and model universes. Specifically, for stellar masses $M_{\star}\lesssim10^{11}M_{\odot}$, a larger proportion of Illustris galaxies that exhibit disk-like morphology or visible substructure, relative to their SDSS counterparts. Toward higher masses, simulated and observed galaxies converge and exhibit similar morphology distributions. The stellar mass threshold indicated by this divergent behavior confirms recent works using parametric measures of morphology from Illustris simulated images. When $M_{\star}\gtrsim10^{11}M_{\odot}$, the Illustris dataset contains fewer galaxies that classifiers regard as unambiguously featured. These results suggest that comparison between the detailed properties of observed and simulated galaxies, even when limited to reasonably massive systems, may be misleading.

Offering an analysis of our multifaceted experiences as three Korean immigrant early childhood teacher educators in the United States, this critical collaborative self-study examines how positions as immigrant mothers and teacher educators interplay with each other. This study also explores ways in which the intersectional experiences influence our teaching pedagogy and practices. We found that we as immigrant mothers have challenges pertaining to parental involvement and maintaining our heritage language, meet tensions when advocating for diversity, and experience role-model pressure as teacher educators. Keeping these challenges in mind, the interactions between our two roles benefitted our students as our teaching became more critical and deeper. This collaborative self-study unpacks the intersecting positions of immigrant mother and teacher educator insightfully and reveals the development of pedagogical practices. It also suggests directions for classroom teachers and future researchers in relation to immigrant children and families.

This qualitative study examined a class of 20 five-year-old Korean children’s literary sessions that were composed of whole-group read-alouds of fairy/folk tales and their parodies, including discussion and follow-up activities based on critical literacy practices. Over a 15-week period, multiple sources of data including observations, open-ended interviews, written materials, and children’s artifacts were collected. We found that these literary sessions based on a critical literacy approach helped the children (1) perceive the stories from different/multiple perspectives, (2) challenge stereotypes, and (3) confront the dominant social ideology/norms. The findings of the study add several important implications for implementing critical literacy in early childhood classrooms, which apply to the teachers’ questions and selection of books, as well as the system and consistency of instruction.

p>In professional disciplines like social work, students are expected to be able to understand and apply basic statistical concepts. Graduate programs differ in how they expect students to develop this ability; some require a full-credit statistics course as a prerequisite to admission, and others incorporate statistics into social work research courses. The for-credit requirement has a high financial and time cost for students. This exploratory study examined the feasibility of replacing this requirement with a brief, non-credit statistics course. MSW students (n=168) who took both types of courses were surveyed. No association was found between the type of course and students’ anxiety, confidence, and the perceived relevance of statistics. Students identified factors that impeded or facilitated their learning. The inclusion of the statistics course within the social work program and the use of relevant social work literature was perceived as supporting students’ learning of statistics. The course length was no more of a concern for the non-credit statistics students than for the for-credit students. These findings support the use of a brief, non-credit statistics course as a less costly and time-consuming approach, but raises concerns about consistently high levels of anxiety, and low levels of confidence and statistics ability of MSW students. </p

p>The field of social work has increasingly focused on improving the quantity and rigor of its research. For many social work doctoral students, their first independent research experience begins with their dissertation, and yet, little is known about the factors that facilitate students’ success during this process. Sample recruitment is one step where significant and unexpected challenges can occur. As social justice is the central value of the profession, social work doctoral students may focus on research with vulnerable or marginalized populations; however, little research has been done that focuses on social work dissertations, samples used, and the process of recruitment. In this study, 215 doctoral-level social work graduates who completed their degree within the past ten years were surveyed about their dissertation research, with a focus on the sampling strategy and recruitment processes. Findings show that students have a wide diversity of experiences with the dissertation process. While 64.6% anticipant challenges around recruitment and sampling, only 54.9% encounter challenges. Less than half (44.7%) of study participants received guidance during this process and most (80.5%) felt the dissertation experience impacted subsequent research, both positively (40.5%) and negatively (9.8%). Based on these findings, doctoral programs are encouraged to increase supports available to dissertating students, particularly those recruiting study participants from vulnerable and marginalized populations. These supports include community connections, skills for obtaining gatekeeper buy-in, and both relational support and advice from dissertation committees and other colleagues. </p

Understanding the family dynamic surrounding media use is crucial to our understanding of media effects, policy development, and the targeting of individuals and families for interventions to benefit child health and development. The Families, Parenting, and Media Workgroup reviewed the relevant research from the past few decades. We find that child characteristics, the parent-child relationship, parental mediation practices, and parents' own use of media all can influence children's media use, their attitudes regarding media, and the effects of media on children. However, gaps remain. First, more research is needed on best practices of parental mediation for both traditional and new media. Ideally, this research will involve large-scale, longitudinal studies that manage children from infancy to adulthood. Second, we need to better understand the relationship between parent media use and child media use and specifically how media may interfere with or strengthen parent-child relationships. Finally, longitudinal research on how developmental processes and individual child characteristics influence the intersection between media and family life is needed. The majority of children's media use takes place within a wider family dynamic. An understanding of this dynamic is crucial to understanding child media use as a whole.

Multi-wavelength surveys covering large sky volumes are necessary to obtain an accurate census of rare objects such as high luminosity and/or high redshift active galactic nuclei (AGN). Stripe 82X is a 31.3 deg$^2$ X-ray survey with Chandra and XMM-Newton observations overlapping the legacy Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Stripe 82 field, which has a rich investment of multi-wavelength coverage from the ultraviolet to the radio. The wide-area nature of this survey presents new challenges for photometric redshifts for AGN compared to previous work on narrow-deep fields because it probes different populations of objects that need to be identified and represented in the library of templates. Here we present an updated X-ray plus multi-wavelength matched catalog, including Spitzer counterparts, and estimated photometric redshifts for 5961 (96% of a total of 6181) X-ray sources, which have a normalized median absolute deviation, $\sigma_{\rm nmad}$ = 0.06 and an outlier fraction, $\eta$ = 13.7%. The populations found in this survey, and the template libraries used for photometric redshifts, provide important guiding principles for upcoming large-area surveys such as eROSITA and 3XMM (in X-ray) and the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST; optical).