Webster University

This study simulates a n-i-p planar heterojunction for Na2SnBr6-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs), with Na2SnBr6 as the absorber layer, fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) as the substrate, and In2S3, IGZO, and SnS2 as electron transport layers (ETLs). Gold (Au) is used as the back contact. Na2SnBr6 was chosen for its low cost, non-toxicity, tunable band gap, excellent electrical properties, and stability. The SCAPS-1D simulator was employed to model the solar cell performance under AM 1.5 G light irradiation, focusing on factors like doping concentration, layer thickness, defect density, and interface defects across three device configurations: Device I (Au/Na2SnBr6/ In2S3/FTO/Al), Device II (Au/ Na2SnBr6/IGZO/FTO/Al), and Device III (Au/ Na2SnBr6/SnS2/FTO/Al). Device III achieved the highest PCE of 31.35%, FF of 85.95%, VOC of 0.7926 V, and JSC of 46.01 mA/cm²², making it a promising candidate for high-efficiency, lead-free perovskite solar cells. Devices I and II showed lower efficiencies of 27.47% and 30.98%, respectively. The study also analyzed quantum efficiency (QE), carrier dynamics, and recombination rates, highlighting the potential of Device III in advancing Na2SnBr6-based hybrid perovskite solar technologies for future solar energy applications.

This work explores the potential for integrating organic compounds, which serve as absorbers, with HTL to achieve steady, efficient PSCs. This study’s proposed architecture is made up of ETL, HTL, and a CH3NH3SnBr3 absorber. The effect of thickness, doping, and defect densities of absorber, HTL, and ETL layers and interface defect densities on a solar device’s output is investigated utilizing the SCAPS-1D model. The FTO/SnS2/CH3NH3SnBr3/Ni structure has a VOC of 0.991 V, a JSC of 28.796 mA cm–2, a PCE of 23.88%, and an FF of 83.69%. Concerns about stability, rapid oxidation of Sn2+ to Sn4+, and high defect density limit the efficiency of CH3NH3SnBr3-based solar cells. The FTO/SnS2/CH3NH3SnBr3/HTL/Ni structure is investigated to prevent Sn oxidation, increase stability, and improve charge transport for improved performance. The analyzed structure is integrated with BiI3/SnS/WSe2/PTAA/CuS/CuI/C6TBTAPH2/CBTS layers as an HTL, resulting in a maximum VOC of 1.128 V, a JSC of 34.014 mA cm–2, a PCE of 33.70%, and an FF of 87.83% with the FTO/SnS2/CH3NH3SnBr3/CBTS/Ni structure. The performance matrix of the investigated best optimum solar cell was predicted by ML with an accuracy rate of roughly 83.75%. This study’s useful design and important discoveries could result in the creation of an inexpensive CH3NH3SnBr3 thin-film solar cell.

Review of: Jews in Suits: Men’s Dress in Vienna, 1890–1938 , Jonathan C. Kaplan-Wajselbaum (2023) London: Bloomsbury Visual Arts, 278 pp., ISBN 978-1-35024-420-7, h/bk, $103.50 ISBN 978-1-35024-421-4, p/bk,$39.95 ISBN 978-1-35024-423-8, e-book, $35.95

Background/Objectives: Clinical trials are essential in the development of new medical treatments, offering crucial data on their safety and effectiveness. Methods: This study provides a comprehensive analysis of clinical trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, examining the current landscape, challenges, and innovations that have shaped the field over the past century. Data were extracted on 7 March 2025 and analyzed to identify patterns in trial design, sponsorship, participant demographics, and geographical distribution. Results: The analysis reveals a continuous increase in clinical trial registrations, peaking in 2021, driven by the COVID-19 pandemic. Most trials focus on cancer, reflecting its global burden, with randomized controlled trials (RCTs) being the most common study design. However, challenges persist, including underrepresentation of certain demographics, limited global distribution, and insufficient reporting of trial results. Additionally, the underrepresentation of pediatric, elderly, and minority populations in trials limits the generalizability of findings. Conclusions: The analysis underscores the need for more inclusive and globally distributed research to address disparities in health outcomes.

The synthesis, crystal structure, and [2+2] cycloaddition photoreactivity of a halogen-bonded mixed cocrystal is reported. The cocrystal solid solution contains two isosteric donors, namely, 1,4-diiodoperchlorobenzene ( C 6 I 2 Cl 4 ) and iodoperchlorobenzene ( C 6 ICl 5 ), along with trans -1,2-bis(pyridin-4-yl)ethylene ( BPE , C 12 H 10 N 2 ) which behaves as a ditopic reactant molecule. The mixed cocrystal, namely, ( C 6 I 2 Cl 4 ) 0.75 ·( C 6 ICl 5 ) 0.25 ·( BPE ), is achieved since both halogen-bond donors are similar in shape and are interchangeable at equivalent crystallographic positions. The combination of I...N and Cl...N halogen bonds generates one-dimensional chains that engage in homogeneous π-stacks, thereby positioning a pair of reactant molecules in a suitable location to photoreact. Notably, the overall yield for the solid-state photoreaction is influenced by the initial molar ratio of the isosteric halogen-bond donors within the mixed cocrystal.

This research explores the capability of Cs2TiBr6 as a substrate for high-performance hybrid perovskite solar cells (HPSCs), incorporating wide-bandgap chalcogenide electron transport layers (ETLs), namely ZnSe, TiO2, SnS2, and ZnO, with a wide selection of hole transport layers (HTLs) including V2O5, CuSbS2, and Cu2O. ZnSe was found to be the best ETL, and the SCAPS-1D simulator was used to adjust the device’s thickness in order to maximize efficiency. Key factors such as doping concentration, density of defects, layer thickness, operating temperature, and interface defects were exhaustively examined. Three distinct device configurations were evaluated: Device I (Al/FTO/ZnSe/Cs2TiBr6/V2O5/Os), Device II (Al/FTO/ZnSe/Cs2TiBr6/CuSbS2/Os), and Device III (Al/FTO/ZnSe/Cs2TiBr6/Cu2O/Os). Device I achieved a record power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 31.02%, with a fill factor (FF) of 90.68%, an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.40 V, and a short-circuit current density (JSC) of 24.434 mA/cm2, establishing new performance benchmarks for Cs2TiBr6-based solar cells. Devices II and III demonstrated PCEs of 28.58 and 23.84%, respectively. In-depth analyses of quantum efficiency (QE %), carrier dynamics, generation-recombination rates, and series-shunt resistances further highlighted the robustness of the optimized devices. The findings underscore Device I’s exceptional promise for high-efficiency Cs2TiBr6-based hybrid perovskite photocells, offering significant potential for forthcoming sustainable solar energy applications.

This chapter facilitates knowledge and awareness of the CACREP Standards, integrating key performance indicators into course creation and development, and writing a CACREP self-study. Understanding the CACREP standards and developing a self-study is an important role as a counselor educator. This chapter focuses on understanding the importance of CACREP accreditation, the rationale for implementing the CACREP standards, developing a self-study within a counseling program, tips for addressing the CACREP standards, advocating for yourself or your program, and becoming involved with CACREP.

A power assignment over parallel Gaussian broadcast channels splits a power budget at the access point among all channel-user pairs subject to per-channel upper-bounds on the sum-power, and yields a rate allocation to all channel-user pairs. Its weighted energy efficiency (WEE) is the ratio of its weighted sum-rate over its sum-power plus a fixed positive overhead. The problem Max-WEE seeks a power assignment maximizing the WEE. Special variants of Max-WEE with unit weights or two users per channel have been extensively studied in the literature. But none of the existing algorithms for those special variants have known bounds on running time, mainly because they follow the general-purposed methods for fractional programming. In this paper, we first derive fundamental properties and closed-form expressions of maximum WEE. Then we devise a simple water-filling algorithm for Max-WEE. Assuming all users are presorted by weight, the water-filling algorithm has linear complexity in the number of channel-user pairs. Under a mild presorting condition, we further develop a linear -complexity algorithm for Max-WEE subject to rate demand.

The ability to tune the thermomechanical properties of organic solids by utilizing a mixed cocrystal approach is described. The components of each solid are self-assembled through hydrogen bonds, and changing...

This study investigates the factors influencing older adults’ willingness to subscribe to music streaming services, focusing on ownership inclination as a mediator. While the adoption of music streaming services among older adults has grown, research on their subscription behaviors remains limited, particularly regarding psychological factors like ownership desire. Addressing this gap, the study integrates the Value-Based Adoption Model (VAM) and psychological ownership theory to explore the relationship between perceived value, ownership inclination, and subscription intention. Data from 376 older adults were analyzed using PROCESS Macro to test mediation effects. Findings reveal that ownership inclination significantly mediates the relationship between perceived value and subscription intention, even when perceived value is low. These results provide theoretical and practical insights into how music streaming platforms can attract older consumers by fostering a sense of ownership. The study emphasizes the importance of psychological and economic factors in driving technology adoption among aging populations, offering strategies for service providers and policymakers to support inclusivity.

In this chapter, we delineate a review of the literature on combining evidence-based psychotherapies to address common comorbidities and presenting concerns. We first provide guidance on the safety of using PE when patients present with various degrees of suicidality, emotional dysregulation, and substance use, emphasizing that delaying PE is often not as frequently indicated as providers may think. We then review combinations of behavioral and cognitive techniques in ways that may enhance key PE mechanisms. Further, we describe evidence-based strategies that have reversed attrition that providers can use to provide additional supports for patients as they engage in PE, including integrating social support into the treatment plan.

This chapter provides an overview of current research on peer-based interventions for adults in individual treatment. We focus particularly on peer support as an adjunct to evidence-based treatment provided by a professional. Peer support in this therapeutic context refers to individuals with relevant lived experience, such as those who had the same diagnosis or who have successfully completed the same type of treatment and have made significant strides in their recovery. Additionally, we present a detailed outline of our program, “PE + Peers,” which introduced emotional and instrumental peer support during Prolonged Exposure (PE), a PTSD treatment protocol that typically has high dropout rates. Areas of future research and cultural considerations in the implementation of peer-based interventions are featured as well.

Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, the popularity of K-content soared as people sought solace in streaming platforms like Netflix. This heightened exposure facilitated a deeper engagement with Korean culture, leading to a notable phenomenon: the rise of ajumma characters. These middle-aged female characters, often depicted in roles brimming with charm and whimsy, swiftly captured the hearts of viewers, contributing to a gradual redefinition of the term within Korean society. This chapter delves into the societal perception of ajummas in Korean culture, tracing the evolution of their portrayal in K-dramas and the profound impact they have had on the entertainment industry and beyond. By examining the journey of ajumma characters from the margins to the mainstream, we uncover the transformative power of media representation in reshaping cultural attitudes and fostering greater inclusivity, both locally and on a global scale.

The higher education sector is embroiled in a continuous digital transformation process, resulting in a significant need for an innovative business model need for an innovative business model. Private universities are required to survive amidst competition in this digital era. The need for an innovative business model is reinforced by the fact that Student Satisfaction (SS) still needs to improve at Private Universities in West Java, Indonesia. This research develops a Smart University Image (SUI) as a novelty in a new business model to increase SS. In addition, SUI was developed because brand image theory was deemed insufficient and inconsistent from a semantic or functional standpoint when applied to a smart university (SU). The SUI dimensions developed are Cognitive, Conative, Emotive, and Collaborative. This research also aims to develop and test the SUI model synthesized from Relationship Marketing. A quantitative method is used in this research using proportional purposive sampling data collection techniques. The questionnaire distribution was based on the criteria of respondents who were second and third-year students at private universities (PU) in West Java, Indonesia, and were classified as SU. The data analysis used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), partial model test, and Sobel test to determine the strength of the mediation role in this research model. The findings of this research state that the SUI relationship significantly affected SS, which means it is appropriate to be applied to new business models in the higher education sector. The recommendations from this research findings are that private universities need to develop business models that apply high technology to create student engagement and SS in the framework of a smart university.

This chapter explores the intersection of creativity, learning, and education in the context of an increasingly complex and interconnected world where the myriad challenges faced by contemporary societies—such as social justice movements, climate crises, and rapid technological advancements—require a rethinking of educational practices to better support diverse perspectives and foster sustainable futures. Central to this discussion is the marginalization of non-Western epistemologies in education, which has historically limited the inclusion of diverse knowledge systems. Creativity, a critical skill for navigating the complexities of the modern workforce and educational environments, has also suffered from the biases of a Western, individualistic paradigm. Advocating, instead, for a sociocultural approach that considers the diverse lived experiences and practices of various communities we call for embracing multiple perspectives to enrich creative education, fostering a critical examination of whose voices are prioritized in learning environments. This chapter sets the stage for the broader volume by questioning the current status quo in education and creativity, challenging readers to consider how alternative perspectives can lead to more inclusive and effective educational practices. Therefore, it presents an overview of the chapters included in this work, and it calls for a paradigm shift in how creativity is conceptualized and integrated into learning environments, urging educators and stakeholders to move beyond standardized approaches and embrace the richness of global perspectives. By doing so, it aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse on creativity and learning, providing a foundation for the transformative potential of education in shaping equitable and sustainable futures.

We are yet again at a historical crossroads in how we understand and discuss race and conversations about the world’s colonial past. As the racist structures that exist in our society, and by extension the world, become more apparent having survived the eras and agency of the past, it is obvious that race and diverse representation are still issues that impact individuals and communities. In our ever-diverse world, race cannot be ignored. The field of creativity and creative education is no exception. As researchers and scholars, we seek to interrogate the power and role of epistemology in framing organizations, movements, and, ultimately, creative education and offer solutions of inclusion that will challenge the white epistemologies that link from our colonial past. In challenging these white epistemologies, we seek truly transformative learning experiences for all learners, including those creative learners who are nonwhite.

The ubiquitous two-step Michaelis–Menten and Temkin–Boudart reaction mechanisms are extended to include the influence of the catalyst electronic subsystem in a 5-step mechanism. The resulting kinetic equation provides an alternative explanation for the well-known volcano-shaped dependence found in catalysis. The equilibrium constants of fast electronic steps are highlighted for their influence on adsorption and desorption through the relative concentration of charged versus neutral intermediates. This generalized concept can be widely applied to determine the optimal catalyst, based on the Fermi level of the material, for reactions proceeding via this universal reaction.