Warmadewa University

This study examines whether human capital (HC) moderation and user satisfaction (UsS) mediate the effect of information system utilization on business performance (BiF) at rural banks in Bali, Indonesia. This research data was collected using questionnaires distributed to rural banks in Bali, Indonesia. The organizational level is used as the unit of analysis. In all, 95 respondents took part in the study. The partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM) is an analytical tool. Research findings show that information quality (InQ) and system quality (SyQ) significantly positively affect the use of accounting information systems (UAIS), but service quality (SeQ) has no effect. Studies also prove that the utilization of accounting information systems (AIS) has a significant positive influence on UsS and BiF. Empirical evidence also shows that HC moderates the effect of UAIS on BiF. Finally, UsS mediates the effect of the UAIS on BiF. The novelty of this study is to develop an information system (IS) success model (DeLone & McLean, 2003) by providing empirical evidence of the role of HC moderation in the relationship of IS utilization to BiF.

Background Bali, one of the world's most popular tourist destinations, is hyper‐endemic to dengue, an acute febrile illness caused by infection with dengue virus (DENV). Outbreaks of dengue occur annually with worrisome rates of morbidity and mortality. Despite this, comprehensive and continuous virus surveillance is yet to be established. We conducted DENV serotype and genotype surveillance in Bali to monitor viral transmission dynamics. Methods We enrolled febrile patients with dengue clinical symptoms in hospitals in Denpasar, Bali. Clinical evaluations and laboratory assessments were conducted, and blood samples were collected. DENV serotypes were determined using RT‐PCR, and genotyping was performed by sequencing the envelope protein gene and the complete genomes. Subsequently, phylogenetic analyses were conducted to analyse the recent data alongside retrospective sequence data. Results A total of 62 and 66 dengue patients were recruited during 2018–2020 and 2022, and from these, we obtained DENV serotype data for 49 and 48 individuals, respectively. Among the DENV analysed, the most prevalent serotype in 2018–2020 was DENV‐1 (30%) and shifted to DENV‐3 (57.6%) in 2022. When compared to data from the last 10 years, serotype shifting was clearly observed. We sequenced the genomes of 60 isolates and observed the presence of multiple virus lineages and the replacement of Genotype IV of DENV‐1 with Genotype I. The Cosmopolitan, Genotype I and Genotype II remained the predominant genotypes for DENV‐2, DENV‐3 and DENV‐4, respectively. Conclusion We reveal that DENV serotype predominance in Bali has been shifting in the past 10 years. While genotype replacement occurred, continuous circulation of local endemic viruses was responsible for the annual outbreak of dengue. These findings indicate the genetic diversity and dynamic nature of DENV circulating in Bali. Routine virus surveillance is important to understand the cyclical patterns of DENV serotypes that is useful to predict the future outbreaks.

Musa balbisiana Colla banana is a plant that has many benefits, one of which is useful as a traditional medicine using its stems. Banana stems have potential as a source of prebiotics because they contain carbohydrates and oligosaccharides which can support the growth of good bacteria in the digestive tract. Probiotic encapsulation was carried out to determine the role of Musa paradisiaca stems as a prebiotic in digestion. The encapsulation process is carried out using chitosan, carrageenan, and maltodextrin. The results showed that the prebiotic banana stem Musa paradisiaca could increase the growth of Lactobacillus sp. significantly at certain concentrations, with the most optimal results at a concentration of 6.89% compared to the control. Based on test results, Musa paradisiaca stem flour contains a fructan percentage of 0.14 ± 0.001%. The presence of fructan compounds makes Musa paradisiaca stem flour function as an effective source of natural prebiotics. The test results showed that the biocapsulation contained 2.7 x 10³ cfu/gram of lactic acid bacteria. This shows that the bioencapsulation process of lactic acid bacteria was successful. Encapsulation can protect probiotics from extreme conditions during processing and storage, as well as from acidic pH in the digestive tract.

Ashwagandha is known to have many health benefits such as anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, anti-stress, antioxidant, and revitalizing properties. In the field of sport, Ashwagandha can maintain endurance and reduce post-exercise stress response. However, the mechanism of action remains uncertain. The purpose of this review is to discuss the role of Ashwagandha in sports endurance and recovery. The method used is a literature review which focuses on research publications related to the topic at least from 2015 onwards. Consumption of ashwagandha may reduce cortisol, lactic acid, and urea nitrogen levels and improve Vo2max that may prevent the damaging effects of stress and restore normal physiological functioning during and after exercise. These studies also found ashwagandha may induce muscle cell differentiation. Therefore, ashwagandha extract has a potential effect on endurance and post-exercise recovery.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of knowledge-based assets, namely the ability to integrate knowledge and intellectual capital, on organizational performance. This study uses a survey approach with a sample of 313 LPDs (village financial institutions) in the province of Bali, represented by the heads of LPDs. The heads of LPDs were chosen because they are operational executors of LPD and are responsible for the development of LPD management. Data were collected using questionnaires distributed directly to LPD heads. The results of this study indicate that organizational performance is substantially and positively influenced by human capital and relational capital. Spiritual capital does not have a substantial influence on organizational performance, whereas structural capital has a negative effect. Further analysis revealed that knowledge integration capability can mediate the influence of human capital, structural capital, and relational capital. However, it cannot mediate the influence of spiritual capital on organizational performance. The research results strengthen the intellectual capital theory that intellectual capital can increase organizational performance if integrated with ability or dynamic knowledge.

Myocardial infarction is one of the leading causes of global mortality and is strongly associated with permanent damage and sudden cardiac death. The human heart loses its proliferative ability after birth as cardiomyocytes are compelled to differentiate into mature cells focusing on hypertrophy. Based on the review of existing studies, we hypothesised that the combination of hypoxia and 3, 3', 5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) inhibitors could potentially be a more sustainable treatment method. We searched trusted scientific databases, such as PubMed, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), and Scopus, for relevant studies. T3 is a physiological hormone that was found to promote cardiomyocyte differentiation and inhibit its proliferation. Studies implied that inhibiting T3 during perinatal development could preserve the heart’s proliferative and regenerative capacities for a more extended period. Several animal experiments and human studies have found that inducing a hypoxic environment could revert cardiomyocytes to their endogenous proliferative state. However, long periods of hypoxia were not sustainable due to its deleterious effects on the human body. We suggested that administering T3 inhibitors after the cardiomyocytes have been reverted under hypoxic conditions could enable patients to leave the hypoxic environment while preventing physiological maturation by T3, thus preserving the heart’s regenerative capacity.

Eucheuma cottonii is a type of seaweed that are commonly found in Indonesia. As many other marine organisms, E. cottonii builds a strong bonding with its endophytic bacteria. These bacteria are well known to synthesize various of bioactive compounds including antibacterial compounds to protect its host from bacterial infections and pathogenic bacteria. Previous study has successfully isolated bacterial encoded ISP1RL4 with antibacterial potential against nonresistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial target. This research aimed to identify the ISP1RL4 isolate based on DNA sequencing, to evaluate antibacterial activity of the crude extract of ISP1RL4 isolate against multidrug-resistant bacterial target and to analysis chemical profiling of the extracts. Briefly, the cell mass of ISP1RL4 bacterial isolate was fermented for 2 weeks in 100 mL sterile liquid ISP-2 medium and then filtered. Extraction was carried out using ethyl acetate with an extraction ratio of 1:1 twice. Ethyl acetate extracts of ISP1RL4 were tested against multidrug-resistant bacteria Methicilin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli ESBL, Klebsiella pneumoniae ESBL, and Acinetobacter baumanii. Our findings revealed that the ISP1RL4 phylogenetically related to Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain M4 with 100% of sequence similarity. The crude extract of P. aeruginosa ISP1RL4 showed diameter zone of inhibition of 9.0±1.0 mm, 10.3±2.0 mm and 9.4±0.1 mm against MRSA, E. coli ESBL, and K. pneumoniae ESBL respectively. No antibacterial activity of the crude extract was observed against A. baumanii. The liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) analysis detected 381 compounds with 2-Amino-1,3,4-octadecanetriol (11.2%) identified as the major antibacterial compound present in ethyl acetate extracts of P. aeruginosa ISP1RL4. In addition, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis identified 39 compounds and 11 of them have been associated as antibacterial molecules. Among these 11 molecules, four prominent antibacterial compounds (> 8%) were 2-hexanol, 3-hexanol, 3-Pentanol, 2-methyl- and 2-hexanone. Overall, the ability of P. aeruginosa ISP1RL4 crude extract to inhibit selected multidrug-resistant bacterial target and the presence antibacterial compounds in the extract provided a promising result that the isolate could potentially be a promising antibacterial producer.

Malaria is a disease that still haunts Indonesia today. The high level of anti-malarial resistance and the severity of the disease cause high mortality in malaria cases. Previous research found that Moringa oleifera can eliminate the Plasmodium berghei parasite and is an immunomodulator in mice. But how moringa works at the cellular level is still unclear. This study aimed to analyse effect of Moringa oleifera treatment in lipid vacuolization of liver, number of pyknosis cell, and organ enlargement in Mus musculus infected by Plasmodium berghei. True experimental design use 40 mice were divided into 5 group: negative control, positive control treated by dehydroartemisinin piperaquine, group 1,2, and 3 treated by 25%, 50%, and 75% Moringa extract respectively. Parasite count was determined by blood smear with giemsa staining, and their organs were collected for histopathological analysis via hematoxylin-eosin staining. Lipid vacuolization, pyknotic cell of liver was observed under light microscope. Index of Liver, spleen, and kidney were examiden by organ weight per mice body weight using digital scale. All data tested by One-Way ANOVA. The results of the study stated that Moringa oleifera reduce lipid vacuolization and reduce index of the spleen and kidney organs. However, there were no significant difference effect of Moringa oleifera in liver index and pyknotic cell. As conclusion Moringa oleifera reduce lipid vacuolization, pyknotic cell and organ enlargement in mus musculus infected by Plasmodium berghei.

The trade in wildlife and development often clashes with biodiversity conservation and the sustainable use of natural resources; three of the Sustainable Development Goals specifically recognise the need to focus on assessing the sustainability of fisheries and wildlife trade and reducing its illegal or illicit aspects. We here focus on the chambered nautilus (Nautilus pompilus) in Indonesia as a model to explore interactions among society, development, trade regulations, and implications for sustainable development. Despite the species having been protected in Indonesia since 1987, the country was one of the largest suppliers of nautilus shells internationally with 10,000s shells being exported. Domestic trade likewise was not permitted but nautilus shells were commonly and openly offered for sale especially in tourism hotspots. In 2017 all international trade in the species became regulated through the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). We conducted surveys of shops selling whole nautilus shells before (2013–2014) and after (2018–2024) the CITES listing to quantify any changes; we quantified international trade and report on successful prosecutions of nautilus traders. We establish that the island of Bali is the centre for Indonesia’s nautilus shell trade, including its export. Indonesia did not report the export of any nautilus shells post-CITES, reports of substantial imports of nautilus shells into the USA over this period, all from exporters based in Bali, is evidence of ongoing international trade. We recorded 1055 chambered nautilus shells openly offered for sale in Bali, i.e., 363 before and 692 after the CITES listing. The mean number of shells recorded per survey did not change (before 36.4 ± 14.0 shells/survey, after 27.3 ± 13.5 shells/survey), nor did the number of shops offering shells (3.9 ± 0.7 vs 3.4 ± 0.8 shops/survey). Asking prices (US$32 ± 4) increased somewhat following the CITES listing and more shells were on offer with increasing foreign tourist numbers. The number of successful prosecutions for people trading did not change following the 2017 CITES listing; the mean sentence was 6.6 ± 1.7 months imprisonment and a US$149 ± 52 fine (or an additional 2.0 ± 0.3 months imprisonment). We conclude that the 2017 CITES Appendix II listing of chambered nautilus has had no noticeable effect on their domestic trade. We further surmise that Indonesia is not meeting parts of its Sustainable Development Goals in terms of curbing illegal wildlife trade and stopping the illicit flow of money, and by not doing so, hampers biodiversity conservation and sustainable development.

Background Immunoglobulin A (IgA) plays a crucial role in the maturation the neonatal mucosal barrier. The accumulation of IgA antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) in the lactating mammary gland facilitates the secretion of IgA antibodies into milk, which are then passively to the suckling newborn, providing transient immune protection against gastrointestinal pathogens. Physiologically, full-term infants are unable to produce IgA, required for mucosal barrier maturation for at least 10 days after birth. Prior studies declare that interleukin 5 (IL-5) responsible to encourage of IgA-producing B cells maturation during lactating periods. Objective This purpose of this study was determine IgA and IL-5 colostrum concentration based on maternal factors. Study design Ninety primiparous with full-term pregnancy and vaginal delivery were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Colostrum samples were collected on the first day after delivery, followed by the measurement of IgA and IL-5 concentrations using ELISA. Sociodemographic and maternal factors were recorded based on participants’ self-reports using a questionnaire. Result The results showed that mean of colostrum IgA concentration in primiparous 24.9 ± 0.3 years old (95%CI: 24.3–25.6) was 1.51 ± 0.15µg/mL, while colostrum IL-5 concentration was 82.37 ± 20.2pg/mL. The results showed that IgA levels were not significantly correlated with age, education, occupation, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), fish consumption, or smoking habits but were significantly related to baby sex disappointment and weight gain during pregnancy (P<.05). Meanwhile, the IL-5 concentration was significantly correlated with smoking habits, baby's birth weight, and maternal age. Conclusion The composition of IgA and IL-5 in breast milk is strongly associated with several maternal factors including baby sex disappointment, weight gain during pregnancy, smoking habits, baby's birth weight, and maternal age. This maternal factor corroborate the recently evidence refer to inflammatory pathways involvement in colostrum IgA synthesis.

Nanoparticles have attracted the attention of researchers, according to the optical properties exhibited, for showing a significant improvement in UV–visible sensitivity. The current research deals with fabricating colorimetric films by admixing starch with silver nanoparticles (Cit-AgNPs) to detect fenobucarb in fruits. The resulting films present a homogeneous surface with a thickness depending on the amount of Cit-AgNPs incorporated. After coating with fenobucarb, the film could displace the negatively charged Ag surfaces. It is remarkable that metal nanoparticles, endowed with specific ligands, show huge promise for developing miniaturized colorimetric assays. This implies that they can detect a great range of molecules, allowing the determination of trace-level target analytes by discernible visible color changes perceivable through the naked eye. This has been successfully realized through surface plasmon resonance localized principles and aggregation of nanoparticle self-assembly, enhancing plasmonic Ag from the original transition of yellow to dark grey-brown hue. In the proposed sensor methodology, the linear range is 0.005 to 500 µM, with corresponding values in the limit of detection and quantification at 8.86 µM and 29.53 µM, respectively. The present investigation is a paradigm of reporting facile, rapid, and low-cost approaches to determine fenobucarb in food commodities and further evaluates a novel approach to food safety. Also, in grapes, pumpkins, and passion fruit, its determination with high reproducibility and reliability is determined. This research developed a new methodological framework for better food safety analysis.

Background The burden of Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancers is expected to rise in Indonesia as there has been an increase in the availability of medication that prolongs the survival of women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV+). There is an urgent need for cervical cancer (CC) screening to address this concern. Objective The objectives of the current study were to determine the burden of HPV infections and cervical pre-cancer lesions and evaluate the effectiveness of an education program to improve HPV and CC knowledge among women attending HIV clinics in Bali, Indonesia. Methods A questionnaire focused on HPV and CC was administered to 200 HIV+ women before (pre-education) and after the education program (post-education). Cervical cells were used to perform the Papanicolaou (Pap) and test for 13 high-risk (HR) HPV genotypes. Women diagnosed with Pap diagnoses of greater than atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (≥ASCUS+) were identified as abnormal Pap. Results Fifty-four percent of women were diagnosed with ASCUS+ and 81% of those women were positive for any one of the 13 HR-HPV genotypes while 71% were positive for any HPV genotype included in the 9-valent (9V) HPV vaccine. The percentages of women who answered questions correctly at the pre-education interview was 3–25% while 97–100% gave the correct answers to the same questions at the post-education interview (P<0.0001). Conclusion Our study for the first-time documented that a significant proportion of women who attend HIV clinics in Bali are diagnosed with ASCUS+ and HR-HPVs which put them at high risk for developing CC. It would have been possible to prevent the development of ASCUS+ in at least 70% of those women if 9V HPV vaccine was given to these women. Since all 200 women educated by our program consented for screening, we clearly demonstrated that HIV+ women attending HIV clinics can be successfully educated to participate in CC screening.

The study aims to examine the problem of implementing Badung Regency Regional Regulation Number 26 of 2013 in the use of vertical space regarding the height of multi-storey buildings and the supervision of violations of vertical space utilization in Badung Regency. This study employs an empirical legal research method, which involves observation and interviews as data collection techniques. The results indicate that there is a discrepancy between the desired and actual outcomes of the implementation of vertical space utilization related to multi-storey buildings in Badung Regency. A discrepancy was identified between the intended and actual implementation of vertical space utilization related to multi-story buildings in Badung Regency. The violation of the building height provisions, which have been set at a maximum of 15 meters, renders ineffective the provisions of Badung Regency Regional Regulation Number 26 of 2013. The absence of community participation in monitoring the use of vertical space can result in a lack of attention to violations that occur directly in the field. This has implications for the importance of integrating public participation in legislation to address issues related to vertical space utilization and maintain harmony between development and environmental conservation. The study contributes to the discourse on sustainable urban development and the integration of legal principles with cultural values, offering practical benefits for legal practice and regulatory improvement in spatial planning.

Big Data Analytics has become a hot topic in the business world because its impact has successfully changed the way companies manage and improve high-value business performance. Regarding the factors that influence the adoption of Big Data, it has been widely used in large businesses, but the determining factors for its implementation in small and medium-sized companies are still unclear and very rarely applied in the SME sector. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to answer the main problem, namely what factors influence the adoption of Big Data. Data analysis from 79 SMEs in Bali-Indonesia revealed that complexity, uncertainty and insecurity, trial ability, observability, top management support, organizational readiness, and external support significantly affect the adoption of BDA. These findings confirm as determining factors in adopting BDA implementation in small to medium-sized companies. Understanding the drivers of BDA implementation helps managers to use the right initiatives that are essential for effective implementation. The results enable BDA service providers to attract and deploy BDA in small to medium-sized companies.

This study aims to develop accountability practices that harmonize with the local spiritual culture in the Jimbaran traditional village. The current accountability practices are viewed not just as formal procedures but also as informal practices involving moral and ethical relationships with God. An ethnomethodological study integrated with Catur Marga culture as a critical perspective revealed the problem of delays in submitting accountability reports due to the shift in the cultural meaning of “ngayah” and the shift in the implementation of religious ceremonies from spiritual practices to more formal activities. These problems can be addressed by synergizing Catur Marga principles with accountability practices. First, involve community representatives, religious leaders, and traditional elders in the village's financial management, as in regular meetings to align the vision and mission to strengthen the “ngayah” motivation in governance and financial accountability. Second, the traditional village governments must consistently provide Dharmawacana and management accounting training to balance scientific knowledge with traditional spiritual–cultural knowledge. Last is the development of the Catur Marga-based Pararem, which regulates the technical aspects of financial management accountability and should be synchronized with the spirit of devotion to God to preserve the local spiritual culture in the Jimbaran traditional village.

Honey production is susceptible to manipulation by un- scrupulous sellers, making honey authentication crucial to prevent fraud. The process of authenticating honey often necessitates the use of various analytical techniques, such as identifying the chemicals present in honey by means of hyphenated mass spectrometry. Here, we report on the investigation of the chemical composition of three honey samples collected at two locations in Lombok and Bali by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The three datasets include information regarding compound name, mass, retention times, as well as findings from database searches. Collectively, these data afford first insights into the com- positional profile of honey samples from this specific geographical area.

Research findings on the relationship between online purchase intention and actual purchase show inconsistencies, suggesting that intention alone does not adequately predict online purchasing behavior. Field data reveal that only 30% of consumers who express interest in an online product actually make a purchase, challenging the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) which asserts that intention significantly influences behavior. This study aims to enhance TPB by examining the moderating effect of consumer demography on the intention-purchase relationship. A survey of 450 internet shoppers was conducted, with data analyzed using Partial Least Square. Results indicate that online purchase intention, eWOM, and trust significantly impact online purchases, with eWOM and trust being fully mediated by online purchase intention. Demographic factors did not moderate the intention-purchase relationship but did influence the trust-purchase relationship. Trust also served as a moderator. Previous studies have explored the moderating effect of demography on factors influencing online purchase intention, but not on the intention-actual purchase relationship, which is the research gap this study addresses.

Purpose This study aims to investigate the conceptual relationship between full-range leadership theory (FRLT) and patient safety culture in primary care settings, aiming to understand how leadership styles influence the development and sustainability of a culture prioritizing patient safety. Design/methodology/approach Using a conceptual analysis approach, the study builds a theoretical framework that integrates FRLT – which includes transformational, transactional and laissez-faire leadership styles – with the elements of patient safety culture. This framework serves as the basis for a comprehensive literature review, allowing for the formulation of hypotheses regarding the impact of each leadership style on patient safety culture. Findings The analysis demonstrates that transformational leadership bolsters patient safety culture by fostering open communication, encouraging error reporting and facilitating continuous improvement. Transactional leadership yields mixed effects, effectively supporting compliance and operational outcomes but showing limitations in promoting a proactive safety culture. Conversely, laissez-faire leadership is associated with negative outcomes for patient safety culture, mainly due to its passive and detached approach. Originality/value The originality of this study is rooted in its focused examination of FRLT’s impact on patient safety culture within primary care settings, the development of a unique conceptual framework and its contribution of actionable insights for health-care leadership. These elements collectively advance the understanding of how leadership can enhance patient safety culture, providing a solid foundation for future research and practical application in primary care environments.