University of Maragheh

Aridity, characterized by a prolonged and natural imbalance in water availability, results in reduced soil moisture, which directly affects plant distribution and limits crop productivity. Plants subjected to drought stress exhibit morpho-anatomical changes that are closely associated with cellular, physiological, and biochemical adaptations aimed at minimizing water loss through transpiration and optimizing water-use efficiency. Understanding these mechanisms is critical for developing drought-tolerant crop varieties. This review describes both short-term and long-term morpho-anatomical adaptations that help stabilize shoot water potential, providing valuable insights for breeding programs aimed at enhancing drought resilience. Specifically, it discusses the significance of modifications in stem, trunk, and branch morphology, which play a pivotal role in improving water retention and hydraulic conductivity across diverse plant species. The degree of isohydry or anisohydry in plant hydraulic strategies is also examined, as it is crucial for predicting plant responses to drought conditions induced by climate change. By identifying key morpho-anatomical traits, this review highlights their importance in developing plant varieties suited for re-vegetating drought-affected areas. These traits are vital for devising long-term strategies to mitigate the impact of severe droughts by promoting the cultivation of drought-tolerant plants. Future research should prioritize strengthening the links between vascular morpho-anatomical traits and agricultural practices under stress conditions to improve crop growth and yield under drought stress.

Alternative barley genotypes can be a source of genetic variability for breeding and raw material for functional food production. The reaction of these genotypes to diverse sowing densities is unknown. The study aimed to assess the response in physiological characteristics of alternative barley genotypes Hordeum vulgare var. rimpaui and H. v. var. nigricans to increasing sowing density. In a strict field experiment, two barley genotypes and five sowing densities were tested: 250, 300, 350, 400, and 450 grains m⁻². Chlorophyll fluorescence indices, relative chlorophyll content (SPAD), and leaf area index (LAI) were assessed. The interaction of the study year, genotype, and sowing density significantly shaped the physiological indices of the canopy. When rainfall was deficient, the plants reduced their leaf area but had higher SPAD and PIabs of the flag leaf. In the year with optimal rainfall, LAI increased with increasing sowing density. In the dry year, PIabs of the flag leaf in H. v. var. rimpaui was the highest at 250 grains m⁻² and decreased with increasing density, and in H. v. var. nigricans, it only reduced at 450 grains m⁻² A strong negative relationship was observed between LAI and SPAD, as well as between LAI and PIabs. Sowing density had a significant effect on grain yield per plant, which was related to the physiological response. However, the genotypes tested responded differently to this factor. The results may by prove for agricultural practice and scientific research, particularly in relation to the optimal sowing density of alternative barley genotypes and the identification of density-tolerant genotypes in response to varying environmental conditions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-024-81783-3.

The cationic interaction of binary metals in zeolite frameworks is a motivating field. The Isomorphous substitution of Ti and Ce in the framework of NaY zeolite has been achieved through post-synthesis treatment. Dealumination of the zeolite was accomplished by EDTA treatment, followed by the incorporation of three distinct ratios of Ce [(4.5–9) × 10−4 M] and Ti [(1.7–5.1) × 10−5 M] for decoration on the zeolite framework. This process was carried out in two steps based on their solubility in the corresponding solvents. The stability of the zeolite framework was assessed using metal loading. It was observed that as the amount of metals in the zeolite increased, the d spacing of the crystal lattice changed. Besides, certain metals were introduced at higher loading into the framework, while others acted as exchangeable cations in the extra-framework of the zeolite network. Spectroscopic studies were conducted to characterize the modified zeolite, and the catalysts were performed for their catalytic activity in the photodegradation of 4-NP. The optimum conditions were obtained with various parameters as: 0.01 g catalyst, 20 μL H2O2, 4-NP concentration: 3 × 10−4 M, pH = 5.5, and t = 120 min. In addition, the study of optimum conditions in the pH = 5 and isoelectric point = 5.5 indicated that the removal of 4-NP was achieved using both the absorption and photodegradation processes. The synthesized catalysts show good activity in the photodegradation process. This study also investigated the synergistic effect of Ce and Ti on photodegradation efficiency. The mineralization of 4-NP was confirmed by COD experiments, resulting in an efficiency of 68.76%. The catalyst was recoverable and maintained its catalytic activity after six runs. The kinetic of the reaction was obtained based on Hinshelwood’s equation which was pseudo-first-order. In addition, the band gap of the catalyst was also calculated. This finding is particularly important because it indicates that the catalyst has the potential for industrial application and is cost-effectiveness.

Scouring damage to piers is a major risk factor for hydraulic structures. In this research, a new eco-friendly method has been proposed to reduce both the length and depth of scouring near bridges and the volume of pits created by the removal of river-bed materials. Since clay and cationic polyacrylamide (PAM) have good compatibility with river systems and their ecology, the mobile bed has two different granulations, and clay with a weight percentage of 10% and PAM material with a weight percentage of 0.5 and 1% have been added to the bed materials. Their effects on scouring reduction for four different discharge rates and three different pit depths were investigated. The results indicate the enhancement of the effects of adding clay and PAM for reducing scouring. The best performance of mixture in the present study is related to the mixture of clay and 1% cationic polyacrylamide, which reduces the scouring depth compared to the simple bed materials by 24.27% and 46.78% for mixture of just clay and mix of clay and PAM, respectively for 0.6 mm granulation. Also, these quantities are reduced by 26.9% and 45.18% for 0.15 mm granulation. The scouring length for both grains decreased by 17.73% and 31.22%, respectively. This investigation shows that the utilization of clay and PAM has a positive effect on reducing scouring and using of this material in rivers is typically compatible with the ecology of the system.

Nowadays, climate change is the primary factor shaping the future of food and nutritional security. To investigate the interactive effects of various climate variables on photosynthetic efficiency, an experiment was conducted using 10 dryland wheat genotypes. These genotypes were exposed to different conditions: temperatures of 25 ± 3 °C and 34 ± 3 °C, carbon dioxide concentrations of 380 ± 50 ppm and 800 ± 50 ppm, and irrigation regimes of 50% field capacity and well-watered. Our results indicated that the wheat genotypes responded differently to both individual and combined climate stress factors. The traditional winter wheat genotype *Sardari*, along with the newly developed dryland wheat genotype *Ivan*, exhibited resilience to anticipated climate conditions. This resilience was reflected in enhancements in photochemical quantum efficiency parameters (Y(II), qP, and qL) under combined stress conditions. Resilient genotypes demonstrated superior regulation of the stomatal conductance (GS) and electron transport rate (ETR) under elevated temperature and CO2 levels. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed significant correlations between chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and climate factors, such as NPQ with temperature, Y(NO) with CO2, qL in response to drought stress, and both qP and Y(II) with the interactions among temperature, CO2, and drought stress. Elevated CO2 reduced the ETR and GS across all genotypes. Our findings underscore the importance of assessing not only fundamental chlorophyll fluorescence parameters like Fm and Fo but also the efficiency of NPQ and Y(II) to understand climate change impacts on dryland wheat genotypes. We suggest that these parameters could serve as valuable biomarkers for breeding programs aimed at improving plant adaptation to future dryland climate conditions.

In the context of General Relativity (GR), violation of the null energy condition (NEC) is necessary for existence of static spherically symmetric wormhole solutions. Also, it is a well-known fact that the energy conditions are violated by certain quantum fields, such as the Casimir effect. The magnitude and sign of the Casimir energy depend on Dirichlet or Neumann boundary conditions and geometrical configuration of the objects involved in a Casimir setup. The Casimir energy may act as an ideal candidate for the matter that supports the wormhole geometry. In the present work, we firstly find traversable wormhole solutions supported by a general form for the Casimir energy density assuming a constant redshift function. As well, in this framework, assuming that the radial pressure and energy density obey a linear equation of state, we derive for the first time Casimir traversable wormhole solutions admitting suitable shape function. Then, we consider three geometric configurations of the Casimir effect such as (i) two parallel plates, (ii) two parallel cylindrical shells, and (iii) two spheres. We study wormhole solutions for each case and their property in detail. We also check the weak and strong energy conditions in the spacetime for the obtained wormhole solutions. The stability of the Casimir traversable wormhole solutions are investigated using the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff (TOV) equation. Finally, we study trajectory of null as well as timelike particles along with quasi-normal modes (QNMs) of a scalar field in the wormhole spacetime.

The efficiency and sustainability of dams can be significantly improved by structural optimization during the design process. This study aims to optimize geometric dimensions and minimize the concrete volume of three benchmark Concrete Gravity Dams (CGDs) including Pine-Flat, Middle-Fork, and Richard dams subjected to seismic excitations by applying the Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA). Employing GOA effectively reduces the concrete volume, achieving reductions of 30.88% (399 m 3), 12.5% (1705 m 3), and 28.09% (241 m 3) for Richard, Pine-Flat, and Middle-Fork dams, respectively. These findings highlight that Richard Dam exhibits the maximum optimization value while Pine-Flat Dam demonstrates minimum optimization value and greatest volume reduction due to its initially larger volume. The optimized dams reduce concrete volume, effectively meeting stability requirements and enhancing stability against applied forces. The Safety Factor against Overturning (SOF) improves from 1.62 to 2.23, and the Safety Factor against Sliding (SFF) increases from 1.31 to 1.48. As a result, the dams are more stable and secure against overturning and sliding. The study underscores the efficiency of the GOA in optimizing the CGD design process, offering significant implications for cost savings and resource efficiency in dam construction. This study emphasizes the robustness of GOA as a powerful meta-heuristic algorithm and its high potential for application in various optimization scenarios in structural engineering, and it recommends GOA as a highly effective tool for the optimal design of CGDs.

Nutritional management is one of the most important factors determining plant growth and improving the quality characteristics of a crop. This study aimed to investigate the application of doses of sulphur from different fertilizer sources (S0: control - no sulphur application); S1: 25 kg ha⁻¹ - sulphur phosphate composites; S2: 50 kg ha⁻¹ - sulphur phosphate composites; S3: 25 kg ha⁻¹ - elemental sulphur; S4: 50 kg ha⁻¹ - elemental sulphur; S5: 25 kg ha⁻¹ - zinc sulphate; S6: 50 kg ha⁻¹ - zinc sulphate) and nitrogen fertilizers (0, 40 and 80 kg ha⁻¹ - urea fertilizer) on the profile of fatty acids, in Carthamus tinctorius L. seeds. The application of high levels of sulphur significantly reduced the amount of ash. The highest percentage of oil was achieved from plants grown with S4N80 and S3N40. The highest amounts of stearic and oleic acid were recorded with the use of S6N80. The linolenic acid content was affected by both sulphur and nitrogen doses, and the highest amount was recorded using S4N80 and S6N40, respectively. The application of S4N80, S6N80 and S3N80 in the studied area could significantly improve the oil quality. KEYWORDS: Carthamus tinctorius L.; Asteraceae; nutritional management

Background The preservation of cut flowers, particularly Gerbera jamesonii, is crucial for maintaining their aesthetic value and extending vase life in the floriculture industry. To address this challenge, this study investigated the effects of melatonin (Mel) and encapsulated melatonin with nanochitosan (nCS-Mel) as preservative solutions on cut Gerbera jamesonii cv. ‘Terra kalina’ flowers. In research, we examined various physiological and biochemical parameters, including relative water content, membrane stability index, carbohydrate content, and antioxidant enzyme activities, to evaluate the efficacy of these treatments in prolonging the vase life and quality of cut gerbera flowers under controlled environmental conditions. Results Our results demonstrated that cut Gerbera jamesonii flowers maintained in vase solutions containing 0.1 and 0.5 mM nCS-Mel exhibited enhanced preservation of cell membrane integrity and anthocyanin content, while also maintaining higher levels of carbohydrates and total flavonoids in petals at the conclusion of their vase life. A decline in petal relative water content and protein levels was observed concomitantly with petal senescence, whereas total phenolic compounds showed an increase. The hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content in petals exhibited an upward trend during vase life in control specimens, but this effect was mitigated in treatments containing melatonin. Although malondialdehyde (MDA) content generally increased throughout the vase life period, flowers subjected to either Mel or nCS-Mel treatments displayed reduced MDA accumulation. The activity of catalase (CAT) demonstrated an increasing trend during vase life, with the maximum activity observed in Gerbera flowers treated with 0.1 mM nCS-Mel. A similar upward trend was noted for superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, with flowers in 0.5 mM nCS-Mel treatment exhibiting peak SOD values on day 12 relative to control and other treatments. Peroxidase (POD) activity also increased across all treatments, with particularly pronounced effects in vase solutions containing 0.1 mM Mel and nCS-Mel. Notably, flowers placed in vase solutions containing 0.1 mM nCS-Mel, followed by 0.5 mM nCS-Mel and 0.1 mM Mel, exhibited the most prolonged vase life, extending up to 12, 10.66, and 10.33 days, respectively, under room temperature conditions. Conclusions The application of nanoencapsulated melatonin as a vase solution for cut Gerbera jamesonii flowers demonstrates significant potential in extending vase life and maintaining flower quality through enhanced preservation of cellular integrity, antioxidant activity, and biochemical parameters. This innovative approach not only outperforms conventional treatments but also presents a more environmentally friendly alternative to traditional antimicrobial preservatives and sugars, offering a promising solution for the floriculture industry to improve cut flower longevity and reduce ecological impact.

In this study, adsorption of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (here just gasoline vapor) by activated carbon- modified UIO-66 was investigated. First, activated carbon prepared from mesquite grain (ACPMG) and then UIO/ACPMG nanohybrid was synthesized by the solvothermal method. In following, the effect of main key parameters which effect on the surface and adsorption capacity such as the ratio of ACPMG to UIO-66 was studied. Physiochemical changes of as- synthesized samples were investigated by TGA, HR-TEM, PSD, SEM, EDX/MAP, BET, FT-IR, XRD, and XPS. It was found the UIO/ACPMG20% nanohybrid had the highest adsorption capacity (391.304 mg/g) for VOCs compared with the other samples, while the adsorption capacity of UIO-66, UIO/ACPMG10% nanohybrid, and UIO/ACPMG30% nanohybrid was 298.871, 309.523, and 320 mg/g respectively. UIO/ACPMG20% nanohybrid desorbed 285.71 mg/g of the adsorbed gasoline, which is an excellent result in desorption. So, the sample of UIO/ACPMG20% nanohybrid was selected as the optimum nano-adsorbent. In other hand, all the nano-adsorbent showed a rapid kinetic behavior for gasoline vapor adsorption and the maximum time for reaching a high adsorption capacity approximately was obtained in 20 min. Density functional theory calculations also performed to understand the adsorption characteristics of gasoline vapor on activated carbon-modified UIO-66.

In this paper, we present a new approach to construct fractional 2-point right Radau type integral inequalities using a novel identity, for functions with s-convex first derivatives in the second sense via Riemann–Liouville fractional integral operators. We then demonstrate the accuracy of our results through a 2D example, as well as practical applications of the integral inequalities to quadrature formulas and special means such as arithmetic and p-logarithmic means.

Salinity represents a considerable environmental risk, exerting deleterious effects on horticultural crops. Nanotechnology has recently emerged as a promising avenue for enhancing plant tolerance to abiotic stress. Among nanoparticles, cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) have been demonstrated to mitigate certain stress effects, including salinity. In the present study, the impact of CeO2 NPs (0, 25, and 100 mg L−1) on various morphological traits, photosynthetic pigments, biochemical parameters, and the essential oil profile of spearmint plants under moderate (50 mM NaCl) and severe (100 mM NaCl) salinity stress conditions was examined. As expected, salinity reduced morphological parameters, including plant height, number of leaves, fresh and dry weight of leaves and shoots, as well as photosynthetic pigments, in comparison to control. Conversely, it led to an increase in the content of proline, total phenols, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and antioxidant enzyme activities. In terms of CeO2 NP applications, they improved the salinity tolerance of spearmint plants by increasing chlorophyll and carotenoid content, enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities, and lowering MDA and H2O2 levels. However, CeO2 NPs at 100 mg L−1 had adverse effects on certain physiological parameters, highlighting the need for careful consideration of the applied concentration of CeO2 NPs. Considering the response of essential oil compounds, combination of salinity stress and CeO2 treatments led to an increase in the concentrations of L-menthone, pulegone, and 1,8-cineole, which are the predominant compounds in spearmint essential oil. In summary, foliar application of CeO2 NPs strengthened the resilience of spearmint plants against salinity stress, offering new insights into the potential use of CeO2 NP treatments to enhance crop stress tolerance.

In this study, disodium lauryl ether sulfosuccinate (DSL or sulfosuccinate), a commercially available anionic surfactant, was employed for the first time as an impact modifier for epoxy resin. Introducing only 5 phr of DLS into the epoxy matrix resulted in a remarkable 189% enhancement in impact strength without a significant detrimental effect on its tensile strength. According to FTIR and SEM results, the strong interaction between the modifier DLS and the epoxy matrix, along with the formation of a nano-blend morphology with a wide interfacial area, can be proposed as two key factors contributing to the remarkable enhancement in impact strength of epoxy/DLS hybrid. The thermal stability of the epoxy was not significantly affected by the incorporation of DLS up to 8 phr. The epoxy/DLS hybrid exhibited lower chemical stability against organic solvents, while the hybrid resistance to acids and bases remained largely unchanged. Based on the obtained results, DLS can be considered as a promising impact modifier for epoxy systems.

Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss., an endemic and endangered medicinal and aromatic plant in Iran, showcases distinct botanical characteristics and therapeutic promise. According to the IUCN grouping criteria, this plant is facing challenges due to overcollection from its natural habitats. To address this issue, there is an increasing inclination towards cultivating this species within agricultural systems. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of applying Fe2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) at varying concentrations (50, 100, and 200 mg L⁻¹), as well as bulk Fe2O3 at the same concentrations, on the growth, essential oil production, antioxidant capacity, total phenol, and flavonoid content of D. kotschyi. The foliar application of 100 and/or 200 mg L⁻¹ of Fe2O3 NPs resulted in the greatest leaf length and dry weight, while Fe2O3 NPs at the level of 100 mg L⁻¹ led to the highest leaf/stem ratio. Additionally, spraying 200 mg L⁻¹ of Fe2O3 NPs and all concentrations of bulk Fe2O3 positively impacted chlorophyll and carotenoid levels. Both nano and bulk Fe2O3 supplements stimulated H2O2 production and subsequently enhanced enzymatic antioxidant activity. The use of 50 mg L⁻¹ of Fe2O3 NPs resulted in the highest flavonoid content and non-enzymatic antioxidant activity. Meanwhile, the highest essential oil content and yield was achieved by the application of 50 and/or 100 mg L⁻¹ Fe2O3 NPs. The addition of low concentration of Fe2O3 NPs (50 mg L⁻¹) resulted in a significant increase in the concentration of geranial, while a higher supply of Fe2O3 NPs (200 mg L⁻¹) significantly decreased the percentage of neral in the essential oil. Overall, the application of Fe2O3 NPs demonstrated significant potential for increased biomass, enhanced yield, essential oil production, and phytochemical attributes. The findings highlight the versatility of Fe2O3 NPs at optimal concentrations, acting as both a nano-fertilizer and a nano-inducer, promoting the production and accumulation of valuable secondary metabolites in plants.

Considering environmental challenges and the diminishing share of energy expenses in the final product cost, evaluating energy‐intensive systems is crucial. This study examines the drying process of wet glass containers in a honey processing plant using a continuous convection dryer through energy and exergy analyses. Mass, energy, and exergy balances were performed using EES software. The energetic performance indicators revealed a heat loss rate of 3.33 kW, energy efficiency of 20.45%, and specific energy consumption of 11711.25 kJ kg‐1H₂O. Exergetic performance indicators included an exergy destruction rate of 24.05 kW, improvement potential rate of 20.79 kW, total exergy efficiency of 14.14%, exergy efficiency of 11.14%, specific exergy consumption of 2763.92 kJ kg‐1H₂O, and a sustainability index of 1.16. Results indicated that 60.12% of exergy destruction is related to air heating, with exhaust air losing 200.54 kW, equivalent to 89.84% of total input energy, suggesting exhaust air recirculation to reduce losses. Practical applications The wet container dryer in a honey processing plant, as the most energy‐intensive component, was chosen for thermodynamic analysis. Mass, energy, and exergy balances were conducted to evaluate the system's thermodynamic performance. The exhaust air dryer lost 200.54 kW, equivalent to 89.84% of the total input energy, without utilization. Additionally, the results showed that 60.12% of the total exergy destruction in the convective drying process was related to air heating. Therefore, recirculating the exhaust air from the dryer moves the system toward an ideal thermodynamic state.

First-principles calculations are performed to investigate the catalytic oxidation of methane by using N2O as an oxidizing agent over aluminum (Al)-doped Zn12O12 cluster and (Zn12O12)2 nanowire. The impact of Al impurity on the geometry, electronic structure, and surface reactivity of Zn12O12 and (Zn12O12)2 is thoroughly studied. Our study demonstrates that Al-doped ZnO systems have a better adsorption ability than the corresponding pristine counterparts. It is found that N2O molecule is initially decomposed on the Al site to provide the N2 molecule, and an Al–O intermediate which is an active species for the CH4 oxidation. The conversion of CH4 into CH3OH over AlZn11O12 and (AlZn11O12)2 requires an activation energy of 0.45 and 0.29 eV, respectively, indicating it can be easily performed at normal temperatures. Besides, the overoxidation of methanol into formaldehyde cannot take place over the AlZn11O12 and (AlZn11O12)2, due to the high energy barrier needed to dissociate C–H bond of the CH3O intermediate. Dispersion-corrected density functional theory calculations were performed through GGA-PBE exchange–correlation functional combined with a numerical double-ζ plus polarization (DNP) basis set as implemented in DMol3. To include the relativistic effects of core electrons of Zn atoms, DFT-semicore pseudopotentials were adopted. The DFT + D scheme proposed by Grimme was used to involve weak dispersion interactions within the DFT calculations. The reaction energy paths were generated by the minimum energy path calculations using the NEB method.

Rye (Secale cereale L.) as a tolerant cereal crop to drought, salt, and aluminum stresses is utilized for bakery, animal feed, and bioenergy. Landraces are important for managing genetic variation in rye and genetic improvement projects. The goal of the current study was to assess the morphologic diversity of 64 rye genotypes across two years, to identify genotypic clusters with more contributing roles in the total variance. The high amounts of coefficient of variation (CV) were recorded for the weight of total spikes, 33.3 and 33.4% across the first and second year respectively. Also, the weight of whole straws, above-ground biomass, spike number per area, weight of gains per spike, and grain yield indicated high CV values across two years. The first six factors described 83.7 and 82.8% of the overall variance in the first and second years, respectively; and were named remobilization, sink potential, performance, length properties, leaf length, and spikelet factors. Rye genotypes were categorized into three major groups in both years based on the hierarchical clustering method. In the first year, Cluster-I (20 genotypes) had the highest grain yield (3325 kg ha⁻¹), Cluster-II (6 genotypes) had low or moderate values for most traits and Cluster-III (38 genotypes) indicated the highest 1000-grain weights (30.9 g). In the second year, Cluster-I (20 genotypes) showed more grain yield (3362 kg ha⁻¹), Cluster-II (7 genotypes) had low or moderate values for most traits and Cluster-III (37 genotypes) indicated the highest 1000-grain weights (32.2 g). Comparing clustering across two years demonstrated that all genotypes except three cases (were categorized in the same group, so the performing ability of these genotypes was not affected by the interaction between genotypes by environmental factors. The identified genetic diversity confirms current rye germplasm as a good plant material for yield increase, showing an excellent option for the next breeding programs for rye.

In contemporary floriculture, particularly within the cut flower industry, there is a burgeoning interest in innovative methodologies aimed at enhancing the aesthetic appeal and prolonging the postharvest longevity of floral specimens. Within this context, the application of nanotechnology, specifically the utilization of silicon and selenium nanoparticles, has emerged as a promising approach for augmenting the qualitative attributes and extending the vase life of cut roses. This study evaluated the impact of silicon dioxide (SiO2-NPs) and selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) in preservative solutions on the physio-chemical properties of ‘Black Magic’ roses. Preservative solutions were formulated with varying concentrations of SiO2-NPs (25 and 50 mg L⁻¹) and Se-NPs (10 and 20 mg L⁻¹), supplemented with a continuous treatment of 3% sucrose. Roses treated with 20 mg L⁻¹ Se-NPs exhibited the lowest relative water loss, highest solution uptake, maximum photochemical performance of PSII (Fv/Fm), and elevated antioxidative enzyme activities. The upward trajectory of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in petals was mitigated by different levels of SiO2 and Se-NPs, with the lowest H2O2 and MDA observed in preservatives containing 50 mg L⁻¹ SiO2- and 20 mg L⁻¹ Se-NPs at the 15th day, surpassing controls and other treatments. Extended vase life and a substantial enhancement in antioxidative capacity were noted under Se and Si nanoparticles in preservatives. The levels of total phenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanin increased during the vase period, particularly in the 50 and 20 mg L⁻¹ Se-NPs and SiO2-NPs. Petal carbohydrate exhibited a declining trend throughout the longevity, with reductions of 8% and 66% observed in 20 mg L⁻¹ Se-NPs and controls, respectively. The longest vase life was achieved with Se-NPs (20 mg L⁻¹), followed by SiO2-NPs (50 mg L⁻¹) up to 16.6 and 15th days, respectively. These findings highlight the significant potential of SiO2- and Se-NPs in enhancing the vase life and physiological qualities of ‘Black Magic’ roses, with SiO2-NPs showing broad-spectrum efficacy.