University of Malaga

The isoelectronic isomer of perylene, hereafter called as azuperylene, has been prepared. Electronic structure analysis reveals that the new isomer can be described as a union of two antiparallel azulenes in which the azulene-type aromatic character of the starting azulene is partially retained. Four 2,8-dialkoxy (i.e. ethoxy, n-butoxy, n-hexyloxy, n-octyloxy) functionalized derivatives of the new isomer core have been prepared. The solid-state structures of the new compounds have been resolved showing exceptional herringbone π-π stacking ideal for charge transport. Organic field-effect transistors on sublimated substrates display an excellent hole transport mobility up to 1.03 cm 2 V-1 s-1 which largely surpasses that of perylene and reveals the great potential for charge transport of this new class of non-benzenoid compounds.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative proteinopathy in which Aβ and tau misfold and aggregate into entities that structurally unsettle native proteins, mimicking a prion‐like or “seeding” process. These Aβ and tau “seeds” can arrange in different conformations or strains that might display distinct pathogenic properties. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that microglia play a key role in the amyloidogenic event and can modulate the propagation and aggregation processes. Here, we employed histological and molecular approaches to determine whether seeds from human AD brains compared to those from transgenic mice (3xTg‐AD) are more prone to induce Aβ and tau aggregates in vivo, as well as potential differences in the microglial response to the plaque pathology. Brain homogenates were injected into the hippocampus of 3xTg‐AD mice and hAβ‐KI mice and examined at 18–20 months of age. The seeds from the human AD brain induced more aggressive amyloid pathology compared to seeds from aged 3xTg‐AD mice. However, the AD seeds from aged transgenic mice triggered more tau pathology. Interestingly, such mice seeds impaired microglial clustering around plaques, leading to more severe neuritic pathology. Furthermore, the human AD seeds injected into the hippocampus of hAβ‐KI mice were not able to induce plaque formation. These results suggest that multiple variables such as the AD seed, recipient model, and time are critical factors that can modulate the amyloid pathology onset and progression. Thus, more profound understanding of these factors will provide key insight into how amyloid and tau pathology progresses in AD.

The isoelectronic isomer of perylene, hereafter called as azuperylene, has been prepared. Electronic structure analysis reveals that the new isomer can be described as a union of two antiparallel azulenes in which the azulene‐type aromatic character of the starting azulene is partially retained. Four 2,8‐dialkoxy (i.e. ethoxy, n‐butoxy, n‐hexyloxy, n‐octyloxy) functionalized derivatives of the new isomer core have been prepared. The solid‐state structures of the new compounds have been resolved showing exceptional herringbone π‐π stacking ideal for charge transport. Organic field‐effect transistors on sublimated substrates display an excellent hole transport mobility up to 1.03 cm2 V‐1 s‐1 which largely surpasses that of perylene and reveals the great potential for charge transport of this new class of non‐benzenoid compounds.

Power quality disturbances (PQDs) and energy management parameters (EMPs) pose significant operational challenges in radial distribution systems. Fast and accurate computational solutions are essential for efficient system performance. This study introduces a novel parallel computing approach for clustering-based PQD and EMP analysis, leveraging the density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) algorithm. The proposed method reduces processing times by more than 40% compared to sequential implementations, enabling real-time analysis and facilitating operator decision-making. A comparative evaluation with a parallel k-means approach reveals that k-means achieves slightly higher clustering efficiency, while DBSCAN provides automatic cluster selection. The methodology is validated on the IEEE 33-bus radial distribution system, where new correlations between PQD variations and their impact on EMPs are identified, offering insights for energy management optimization. The findings demonstrate that parallel computing enhances clustering performance, significantly improving computational efficiency and integration of PQD and EMP calculations for large-scale distribution networks.

The CORDELIA Study (Collaborative Cohorts Reassembled Data to Study Mechanisms and Long-term Incidence of Chronic Diseases) combines 35 Spanish population cohorts to investigate the clinical, environmental, genetic, and omics determinants of cardiovascular disease in the Southern European population. It aims to conduct the largest genome-wide association study to date on cardiovascular disease in this population, improve predictions of cardiovascular incidence using genomic and clinical data, and identify subgroups that would benefit most from targeted pharmacological and lifestyle interventions. CORDELIA includes 196,632 individuals (ages 18–84, 54% female, 96% born in Spain, 20% with higher education, recruited from 1989 to 2020, with follow-up periods ranging from 5 to 30 years), with DNA samples available for 117,342 participants (60%). Of the participants, 24% were current smokers, 43% hypertensive, 11% diabetic, 15% medicated with lipid-lowering drugs, 44% overweight, and 27% obese. If not already available, genotyping is being performed using the Axiom™ Spain Biobank array (~ 750,000 variants, including 115,000 specific and 50,000 rare functional variants from the Spanish population). The cohort also includes incident events (coronary heart disease, stroke, heart failure, peripheral artery disease, hypertension, diabetes); date and cause of death; and harmonized data on risk factors (body mass index, waist circumference, lipid profile, blood pressure, glucose, creatinine), lifestyle (smoking, physical activity, diet, alcohol), and socioeconomic status. 99,019 participants (50%) also provide plasma samples. CORDELIA will significantly contribute to understanding the complex interplay of risk factors contributing to cardiovascular disease and advance the fields of precision medicine and public health in Southern European individuals.

Background Leprosy remains a persistent public health challenge, where human-to-human transmission of Mycobacterium leprae via respiratory droplets is well established. In the tropical Americas, growing evidence implicates armadillos as important zoonotic reservoirs, particularly through direct contact during hunting and handling. However, such transmission has so far been considered rare and highly localised. This study provides a comprehensive spatial analysis of the role of armadillo hunting in human leprosy transmission, quantifying its contribution to disease prevalence and identifying geographic hotspots where interventions could be most effective. Methods Using Brazil’s 326,001 reported leprosy cases from 2013 to 2022, we applied a pathogeographical approach to explore transmission dynamics. We compiled data on 554 hunted armadillos across 175 municipalities and M. leprae prevalence in 376 armadillo individuals from 97 municipalities (mean prevalence = 38.5%). These were used to build spatial models assessing hunting-related infection risk and integrated as a variable into a generalised linear model alongside socioeconomic, climatic, and environmental predictors to evaluate their effects on human leprosy prevalence. Results Key predictors of armadillo hunting included higher population density ( P < 0.001) and firearm availability ( P < 0.01). Infection in armadillos was negatively correlated with native habitat coverage (coefficient: − 2.28; P < 0.001), suggesting that environmental degradation can amplify infection risk. The armadillo-hunting infection risk variable—generated by combining armadillo hunting and infection favourability models—emerged as the second strongest predictor of human leprosy prevalence (coefficient: 1.69; P < 0.001), accounting for ~ 25% of cases nationally and around 40% in deforestation hotspots. Additional positive predictors included greater precipitation seasonality (coefficient: 0.82; P < 0.001) and malnutrition (coefficient: 0.01; P < 0.001), while higher population density (coefficient: − 0.64; P < 0.001), natural habitat coverage (coefficient: − 0.50; P < 0.001) and socioeconomic status (coefficient: − 0.47; P = 0.013) were linked to reduced disease prevalence. Conclusions Armadillo hunting seems to play a more significant role in human leprosy transmission than previously recognised. To address this overlooked pathway, targeted interventions should focus on reducing unsafe and illegal hunting, improving communication around zoonotic risks, strengthening disease surveillance in high-risk areas, and conducting genetic studies to confirm wildlife-to-human transmission. Our findings highlight the importance of incorporating wildlife-associated transmission pathways into strategies to reduce disease prevalence and mitigate future outbreaks in tropical regions facing rapid environmental change and persistent poverty. Graphical Abstract

La Agenda 2030 es un plan de acción de las Naciones Unidas orientado a mejorar la vida de las personas y el planeta; sin embargo, enfrenta resistencias, como el caso del partido español VOX, que la rechaza y pretende contrarrestar con su alternativa Agenda España. El objetivo de esta investigación es determinar la cobertura mediática que tienen los discursos parlamentarios de VOX sobre la Agenda 2030, con el propósito de estudiar su repercusión en la prensa, así como determinar si la desinformación se ha convertido en una estrategia de comunicación de esta formación para instaurar sus propios postulados ideológicos. La metodología se ha desarrollado en tres fases. La primera es un análisis cuantitativo del número de sesiones del Congreso de los Diputados en las que se hace referencia al tema. La segunda es una identificación mediante MyNews de los contenidos periodísticos que mencionan la Agenda 2030 y los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) en relación con VOX y el Parlamento español en los diez diarios digitales con más audiencia de España. La tercera es un análisis de contenido de las noticias y de las estrategias de relaciones públicas. Con respecto a los resultados, se identifican 235 sesiones parlamentarias en las que VOX menciona los objetivos y las metas de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU). La mayoría de los medios reproduce el discurso de la formación sobre este plan de acción global. También se identifican estrategias de desinformación en los mensajes de la formación, principalmente teorías conspiratorias y publicaciones sensacionalistas. Como conclusión, destacamos que la repercusión del discurso es limitada y se transmite con imparcialidad. VOX no profundiza en los ODS y emplea la desinformación como estrategia de comunicación política para contrarrestar la Agenda 2030 y, reforzando la propaganda del partido, promover su Agenda España. La publicity y las dark PR destacan como las principales estrategias de relaciones públicas.

We deal with a reverse Carleson measure inequality for the tent spaces of analytic functions in the unit disc $\mathbb {D}$ of the complex plane. The tent spaces of measurable functions were introduced by Coifman, Meyer and Stein. Let $1\le p,q < \infty$ and consider the measurable set $G \subseteq {{\mathbb {D}}}$. We prove a necessary and sufficient condition on G in order to exist a constant $K>0$ such that for any analytic function f in $\mathbb {D}$ with the property, the right term of the inequality above is finite. Here $\mathbb {T}$ stands for the unit circle, dm(z) is the area Lebesgue measure in $\mathbb {D}$ and $\Gamma _{\beta }(\xi )$ is the cone-like region with vertex at $\xi \in \mathbb {T}$. This work extends the study of D. Luecking on Bergman spaces to the analytic tent spaces. We apply this result in order to characterize the closed range property of the integration operator when acting on the average radial integrability spaces. The Hardy and the Bergman spaces form part of this family. The function g is a fixed analytic function in the unit disc. The operator $T_g$ is known as Pommerenke operator. Moreover, for the first time, we provide examples of symbols g that introduce or not a closed range operator $T_g$ in these spaces.

Background Previous studies have investigated flattened foot arches associated with joint hypermobility using the Beighton scale. The absence of lower limb items below the knee in the Beighton scale questions the relevance of this relationship. Addressing this query, a new validated test has been used to assess joint hypermobility, the Foot and Ankle Flexibility Index (FAFI). Utilising the FAFI, the intention was then to relate it against known reliable morphofunctional foot and ankle tests, and also a validated paediatric physical activity test. Methods A total of 205 healthy children, aged 5 to 10 years, participated in this cross‐sectional study, which included the Lunge Test, Rest Calcaneal Stance Position (RCSP), Foot Posture Index (FPI) and 6 Minute Walking Test (6MWT). Results Significant correlations were found between FAFI and the test variables: RCSP ( r = 0.334), Age ( r = −0.254), FPI ( r = 0.252), and 6MWT ( r = −0.240). The multivariable linear regression of the hypermobility component according to FAFI presented an R ² value of 24.9%. Conclusions This study suggests that younger children and those with greater foot and ankle hypermobility have a more pronated foot stance, a greater range of ankle dorsiflexion, and a decreased walking speed/distance. Given the public health implications of unnecessary attention to many paediatric flatfeet presentations, these findings increase clinical clarity, using the new and validated FAFI.

Wildlife biologists increasingly use camera traps for monitoring animal populations. However, manually sifting through the collected images is expensive and time-consuming. Current deep learning studies for camera trap images do not adequately tackle real-world challenges such as imbalances between animal and empty images, distinguishing similar species, and the impact of backgrounds on species identification, limiting the models’ applicability in new locations. Here, we present a novel two-stage deep learning framework. First, we train a global deep-learning model using all animal species in the dataset. Then, an agglomerative clustering algorithm groups animals based on their appearance. Subsequently, we train a specialized deep-learning expert model for each animal group to detect similar features. This approach leverages Transfer Learning from the MegaDetectorV5 (YOLOv5 version) model, already pre-trained on various animal species and ecosystems. Our two-stage deep learning pipeline uses the global model to redirect images to the appropriate expert models for final classification. We validated this strategy using 1.3 million images from 91 camera traps encompassing 24 mammal species and used 120,000 images for testing, achieving an F1-Score of 96.2% using expert models for final classification. This method surpasses existing deep learning models, demonstrating improved precision and effectiveness in automated wildlife detection.

Aim: To investigate the effect of using recordings derived from interventions in simulated mental health scenarios on the self-critical capacity of nursing undergraduate students. Background: Video-assisted debriefing (VAD) allows students to visualize their intervention, clarifying certain aspects that might be clouded in their memory. It facilitates the application of theoretical knowledge to real practice and the self-critical capacity to detect strengths and weaknesses in the interventions developed. Despite the benefits of this educational resource, no previous studies have been found that analyze the impact of using recordings on the development of self-critical capacity in the field of mental health by nursing students. Methods: An exploratory quasi-experimental study was conducted based on quantitative and qualitative data collected from students after double debriefing sessions (verbal and video-assisted). Quantitative data identified self-critical capacity trends, while qualitative analysis explored in-depth reflections on strengths, weaknesses, and emotional responses. Both datasets were integrated for comprehensive insights. Results: Quantitative data revealed no significant differences between the two self-evaluation moments. However, the qualitative analysis brought a wide range of in-depth reflections and identified strengths, especially during the VAD. In addition, students felt more reflective and critical about their performance when watching the video, highlighting feelings of self-awareness and opportunities to identify more specific areas for improvement. Conclusions: This study underscores the importance of VAD in enhancing nursing students’ self-perception of competencies and emotional responses during mental health simulation scenarios. Certain aspects of mental health care remain paramount for students regardless of video review, emphasizing the need for targeted training in these areas. Employing multiple approaches in data collection is essential to obtain a thorough understanding of students’ experiences. Implications for Nursing Management: Nursing managers should integrate clinical simulations and VADs into training programs to enhance competency development, reduce stress, and foster a supportive learning environment.

Background Significant tricuspid regurgitation (TR) encompasses a wide range of etiologies, complicating a comprehensive understanding of disease progression and prognostic factors. This study aimed to assess mortality associated with significant TR, focusing on the role of valvular disease etiology and other predictive factors. Methods This is a retrospective, multicenter, cohort observational study, including all consecutive patients with moderate-to-severe or greater TR. The patients were classified into five etiological groups: organic TR, TR secondary to left valvulopathy, TR secondary to left or right ventricular dysfunction, TR secondary to pulmonary hypertension, and atrial TR. The long-term mortality was assessed (median follow-up: 39.8 months). Results 757 patients were included. The overall mortality incidence rate was 162.5 deaths per 1000 patient-years. Compared to atrial TR, all other etiologies presented a higher mortality risk: organic TR adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 2.344 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.138–4.829), left valvulopathy-related TR aHR = 1.901 (95% CI: 1.011–3.574), ventricular dysfunction-related TR aHR = 3.683 (95% CI: 1.627–8.338), and pulmonary hypertension-related TR aHR = 2.446 (95% CI: 1.215–4.927). In addition to known factors, male sex was associated with a higher mortality risk (aHR = 1.608, 1.175–2.201), while beta-blocker use was linked to a lower risk (aHR = 0.674, 0.502–0.904). Conclusions In a large cohort of patients with significant TR, and after adjusting for clinical and echocardiographic variables, all etiological groups exhibited a higher mortality risk compared to atrial TR. Additionally, male patients with TR had a higher mortality risk, while beta-blocker therapy emerged as a protective factor.

As synthetic cells emerge as promising tools for targeted, efficient and sustainable environmental cleanup, there is a growing need to understand not only their technical potential but also the biosafety, biosecurity, and governance implications of their deployment in natural ecosystems. Despite their innovative promise, there are currently no standardized global frameworks to assess and manage their risks, particularly concerning ecological disruption, misuse, and public acceptance. Therefore, this study explored the dual nature of synthetic cells—as tools for ecological restoration.

Resumen El trabajo pretende desarrollar instrumentos de análisis en el campo de la política criminal comparada. A tales efectos, opta en primer lugar por la dimensión inclusión / exclusión social como punto de referencia de la comparación, en detrimento del más extendido criterio del rigor / moderación punitivos. Luego selecciona un conjunto de reglas y prácticas punitivas, vigentes en diferente medida en los sistemas nacionales de control penal del mundo occidental, que serían indicadores predictores de efectos socialmente incluyentes o excluyentes. Propone finalmente construir una escala en torno a la dimensión inclusión / exclusión social, a lo largo de la cual se localizarían los diferentes sistemas de control penal nacionales caracterizados en función de los indicadores precedentes, y en cuyos extremos se localizarían los dos sistemas de control penal nacionales hoy en día más opuestos.

Background Obesity-related cognitive decline is linked to gut microbiota dysbiosis, with emerging evidence suggesting that dietary interventions may ameliorate cognitive impairment via gut-brain axis modulation. The role of microglial cells in this process remains underexplored. Objective To investigate how diet-induced changes in gut microbiota influence cognitive function in individuals with obesity and their microglial activity, and to determine the impact of specific dietary interventions. Design This study included 96 participants with obesity who were randomised into three dietary intervention groups: Mediterranean diet (Med), alternate-day fasting (ADF) and ketogenic diet (Keto). Cognitive performance and microbiota composition were assessed pre-intervention and post-intervention. The effects of microbiota-related changes on microglial function were further evaluated in mice models through faecal transplantation and in vitro model with microbiota exosome treatment. Results Both the Keto and ADF groups demonstrated significant weight loss, but cognitive performance improved most notably in the ADF group, in association with reduced inflammation. Diet-related microbiota composition was correlated with the cognitive outcomes in the human study. Mice models confirmed that the cognitive benefits of ADF were microbiota-dependent and linked to enhanced microglial phagocytic capacity and reduced inflammation, accompanied by changes in microglia morphology. Conclusion Fasting-induced modifications in gut microbiota contribute to cognitive improvement in individuals with obesity, with microglial cells playing a crucial mediatory role. Among the interventions, ADF most effectively enhanced microglial function and cognitive performance, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic strategy for obesity-related cognitive decline. Further studies are required to fully elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Trial registration number NCT04453150 .

We characterize the weights $w, v_1, v_2, \dots , v_m$ for which the weak-type multilinear gradient inequality holds for all $f_1, f_2, \dots , f_m \in C_c^{\infty }({\mathbb {R}}^n)$ in the case $\frac{1}{p} = \frac{1}{p_1}+\frac{1}{p_2}+ \cdots + \frac{1}{p_m}$.

Additive manufacturing (AM) processes has been gaining interest for the last few years within a number of sectors including the industrial, the medical or the aerospace. To this regard, the characterization of mechanical properties of AM parts have been recently addressed for determining their elastic behaviour, strength, fatigue properties, among others. In this context, this paper addresses a preliminary investigation on formability of Ti6Al4V selective laser melted sheets under conventional forming. To this regard, conventional forming tests were carried out including tensile tests, double notched tensile tests and Erichsen cupping tests, in order to obtain a variety of strain states resulting in uniaxial tension, plane strain and biaxial strain, respectively. The results obtain provided the process window for deforming plastically this kind of materials, allow assessing the corresponding modes of failure and associated mechanisms and pointed out the importance of post-processing heat treatments for increasing the material ductility.

Background: Disease-related malnutrition (DRM) in outpatients is associated with increased mortality and functional decline. Morphofunctional assessments, including phase angle (PA), rectus femoris cross-sectional area (RF-CSA), and handgrip strength (HGS), provide valuable prognostic insights in the ambulatory setting. Nutritional recovery programs enriched with β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) offer potential benefits in improving nutritional and functional outcomes. Objective: To evaluate the effects of a six-month nutritional recovery program combining HMB-enriched oral nutritional supplements (HMB-ONS), dietary recommendations, and exercise on survival, morphofunctional markers, and adherence in malnourished outpatients. Methods: This retrospective observational study included 135 malnourished outpatients diagnosed using GLIM criteria. Morphofunctional assessments included PA (bioimpedance analysis), RF-CSA (nutritional ultrasound), HGS (dynamometry), and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. Adherence was assessed using pharmacy retrieval records and a validated questionnaire. Changes in morphofunctional markers and their association with mortality were analyzed using multivariate Cox regression models. Results: After six months, significant improvements were observed in PA (+0.47°), RF-CSA (+0.90 cm²), HGS (+4.1 kg), and TUG (−0.93 s) (all p < 0.001). These improvements were more pronounced in the high-adherence group, which also exhibited a reduced mortality risk (HR 0.42, p < 0.05). Changes in PA and HGS were strongly associated with survival, with ΔPA showing an HR of 0.27 (95% CI: 0.15–0.50, p < 0.001) and ΔHGS showing an HR of 0.82 (95% CI: 0.75–0.89, p < 0.001). Conclusions: A nutritional recovery program with HMB-ONS significantly improves survival and morphofunctional markers in malnourished patients, with the greatest benefits observed in those with high adherence. These findings underscore the importance of adherence-support strategies in optimizing clinical outcomes and highlight the need for further research to confirm long-term benefits.

The protective role of dietary vitamin D intake on cognitive function is of interest, but evidence remains inconsistent. We aimed to evaluate the association between dietary vitamin D intake and 2-year cognitive changes in older adults at risk of cognitive decline. This longitudinal study comprised 5454 individuals (aged 55–75 years in men and 60–75 years in women) who exhibited overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome. Data on dietary vitamin D intake was assessed using a validated 143-item food frequency questionnaire. Cognitive function was assessed through five composite scores derived from a comprehensive battery of eight neuropsychological tests, encompassing global cognitive function, general cognitive function, attention, executive function, and language domains. Multivariable-adjusted linear regression models were fitted to examine the association between energy-adjusted cumulative average dietary vitamin D intake over time and 2-year changes in cognitive function. After adjusting for multiple covariates, energy-adjusted cumulative average dietary vitamin D intake as a continuous variable was associated with greater 2-year improvements in global cognitive function ( β 1.18 × 10 ⁻² ; 95% CI 0.19 × 10 ⁻² to 2.17 × 10 ⁻² ), executive function ( β 1.12 × 10 ⁻² ; 95% CI 0.03 × 10 ⁻² to 2.21 × 10 ⁻² ), and language ( β 1.61 × 10 ⁻² ; 95% CI 0.43 × 10 ⁻² to 2.78 × 10 ⁻² ). Additionally, the higher cumulative average dietary vitamin D intake quartile was associated with an increase in global cognitive function ( β 7.10 × 10 ⁻² ; 95% CI 0.59 × 10 ⁻² to 13.6 × 10 ⁻² ), language ( β 7.07 × 10 ⁻² ; 95% CI − 0.52 × 10 ⁻² to 14.7 × 10 ⁻² ), and a lower decline in attention ( β 9.58 × 10 ⁻² ; 95% CI 1.60 × 10 ⁻² to 17.5 × 10 ⁻² ). A higher dietary vitamin D intake was associated with modest favorable changes in cognitive function and a reduced cognitive decline over a 2-year period. These findings highlight the need for further research to explore the potential benefits of boosting dietary vitamin D intake for cognitive health in older adults.