University of Indonesia

Coelogyne pandurata L., an orchid native to Indonesia, has medicinal properties and potential for lowland cultivation. This study assessed the phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity of the leaves, bulbs, and flowers in the vegetative and generative phases of C. pandurata. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were measured using colorimetric methods. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Plant parts (leaves, bulbs, and flowers) were analyzed across two phenological phases (vegetative and generative) with three replicates for each combination. Each experimental unit comprised five biological replicates. The extracts were prepared via ultrasonic extraction using methanol, ethanol, and n-hexane. The range of TPC was 2.51-11.44 mg gallic acid equivalent per g dry weight (DW), that of TFC was 6.05-38.16 mg quercetin equivalents per g DW, that of the DPPH antioxidant activity was 0.21-1.41 µmol Trolox equivalent (TE) per g DW, and that of the FRAP capacity was 15.63-80.70 µmol TE g⁻¹ DW. Ethanol extracts, particularly from preflowering bulbs, exhibited the highest TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activity, underscoring its superior extraction efficiency for C. pandurata. Key words: antioxidant capacity; growth phase; phenolic; flavonoid; solvent

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a statistical approach for edge spread function (ESF) phase alignment to improve the accuracy of modulation transfer function (MTF) measurements at the edges of computed tomography (CT) images. Methods: A statistical approach to ESF phase alignment was initiated by collecting ESF samples with poor phase alignment. One ESF sample was selected as the reference ESF and the other as the treated ESF. The treated ESF was then shifted by 10-pixels in the right and left directions with a 1-pixel increment at each shift. The mean squared error (MSE) for each shift was calculated between the shifted and reference ESF, and the position with the minimum MSE indicated the best phase alignment between the two ESFs. All shifted ESFs were averaged and differentiated to obtain a single-line spread function (LSF). The MTF was generated by Fourier transformation of the LSF. The MTFs from the shifted ESF and the non-shifted MTF from images of the ACR CT, pointcomputational, CTDI, and anthropomorphic phantoms were compared. Results: The MTF curves obtained after the phase alignment showed higher and more consistent results than those obtained before the alignment. The MTF curves obtained after phase alignment were comparable to those obtained from a point computational phantom. Our method showed improved accuracy in measuring spatial resolution compared to those without the edge-shifting method. Conclusions: The results showed that a statistical approach for ESF phase alignment can overcome poor phase alignment and produce a more accurate MTF curve.

Previous research shows that victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) often justify violence, which can play a role in the persistence of violence. The present studies examined whether the victim’s justification of violence negatively affects third parties’ evaluative responses toward the victim (general evaluation of the victim, victim blaming, and evaluation of the victim’s response toward the violence) and negatively affects third parties’ willingness to support and take action. We also examined whether this would occur especially when the violence had happened frequently in the past. In two experimental studies (one in the Netherlands, Study 1, N = 220; one in Indonesia, Study 2, N = 231), participants watched a video depicting IPV. After watching the video, we manipulated the victim’s justification of violence (high vs. low justification of violence) as well as the frequency of violence experienced by the victim in the past (high vs. low past frequency). Consistent across the two studies, the results showed that when they justified violence (as compared to when they did not justify violence), victims were evaluated more negatively. There were no effects on victim blaming, willingness to support, and willingness to take action. We also found the effects of past frequency of violence on victim evaluation and willingness to take action. We discuss how the current findings extend previous research on the consequences of justification of violence as well as on third-party responses toward victims.

Assessing elimination of malaria locally requires a surveillance system with high sensitivity and specificity to detect its presence without ambiguity. Currently, the WHO standard criteria of observing the absence of locally acquired cases for 3 consecutive years, combined with a health systems assessment, are used to justify claims of malaria elimination. However, relying on a qualitative framework to support the application of this guideline can lead to early, over-optimistic relaxation of control measures with the potential for resurgence. Overcoming this challenge requires innovative approaches to model the coupled processes of malaria transmission and its clinical observation. We propose a novel statistical framework based on a state-space model to probabilistically demonstrate the absence of malaria, using routinely collected health system data (which is extensive but inherently imperfect). By simultaneously modelling the expected malaria burden within the population and the probability of detection, we provide a robust estimate of the surveillance system’s sensitivity and the corresponding probability of local elimination (probability of freedom from infection). Our study reveals a critical limitation of the traditional criterion for declaring malaria elimination, highlighting its inherent bias and potential for misinterpreting ongoing transmission. Such oversight not only misrepresents ongoing transmission but also places communities at risk for larger outbreaks. However, we demonstrate that our integrated approach to data comprehensively addresses this issue, effectively detecting ongoing transmission patterns, even when local reports might suggest otherwise. Our integrated framework has far-reaching implications for malaria control but also for infectious disease control in general. Our approach addresses the limitations of traditional criteria for declaring freedom from disease and opens the path to true optimisation of the allocation of limited resources. Our findings emphasise the urgent need to reassess existing methods to accurately confirm malaria elimination, and the importance of using comprehensive modelling techniques to continually monitor and maintain the effectiveness of current surveillance systems, enabling decisions grounded in quantitative evidence.

This research aims to summarize microscale chemistry experiments, encompassing scientific production, the most prominent researchers and countries involved, distribution trends over time, and the primary research areas. The bibliometric analysis of microscale experiments laboratory in chemistry was carried out using published documents, empirical research articles, review articles, and books published. In addition, about 213 articles and books published in internationally reputable journals were excavated from the Scopus database. Findings revealed that the number of articles on microscale experiments varied from 2010 to 2023. Meanwhile, collaborative co-authors mainly consist of researchers from the same country, and the countries involved in the collaboration are Asian, European, and American, respectively. Furthermore, there was a shift in research focus, where in the previous investigation, several examinations were carried out across disciplines, such as microscale experiments in chemistry, such as organic, inorganic, and physical chemistry. Although the current research focuses on integrating microscale experiments in chemistry learning, it has not been fully practiced among students or chemistry education students. Therefore, this may be an opportunity for further research that increases the implementation of microscale experiments into chemistry learning, especially for prospective chemistry teachers, to promote the attainment of education for sustainable development.

Teaching mandarin is a part of the teaching foreign languages in the world. The teaching targets are the groups of teaching mandarin as the second language. However, regarding the mandarin teaching materials in overseas areas aren't optimistic. This study uses limited surveys of mandarin textbooks in the school, university in Riau Island province of Indonesia, and local mandarin textbooks published by Indonesian bookstores. In recent years, with the close cooperation between Indonesia and China in various aspects. In Indonesia, especially in the Riau Islands Province, there has been a wave of learning Chinese, and Chinese teaching has shown a good development trend. In addition, the rise of Chinese textbooks and teaching in Indonesia has developed rapidly and vigorously in terms of content, quantity, type and other aspects. This study conducted a comprehensive investigation on the publication and use of Chinese textbooks in the Riau Islands Province of Indonesia through field visits, questionnaires and interviews, analyzed their characteristics and usage, and then discussed the achievements and shortcomings of existing textbooks, and put forward some suggestions for the construction of Chinese textbooks in Indonesia in the future. The first part is the introduction, including the origin of the topic, a review of related research, the significance and methods of this study. The second part is a review of the history and development of Chinese teaching in Indonesia. The third part describes the publishing status and usage of Chinese textbooks in Riau Islands, Indonesia. The fourth part is the characteristics and conclusion of Chinese textbooks of different levels and different applicable objects in Riau Islands, Indonesia, combining the objective evaluation of Chinese textbooks with the feedback of users to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the textbooks.

This research aims to develop a biochemistry textbook assisted by a conceptual change text with a four-step teaching material development method (4STMD) that is limited to the discussion of biomolecular metabolism presented using conceptual change texts. The 4STMD method used in the development of this textbook includes steps of selection, structuring, characterization, and didactic reduction. Research is limited to selection and structuring steps so that the research results are more directed and in-depth and in accordance with the truth of the concept. The instruments used are review sheets of conformity of concepts, indicators, and core competencies; as well as the suitability of concept changes, metabolic concept maps, macro structures, and textbook systematics. Based on the development results, 4 learning outcomes, 8 concept indicators, and 28 concept labels were obtained. The textbooks on biomolecular metabolism currently available are only available to medical students, with so many concepts of metabolic reactions and procedures present in this book. This is difficult for education students to understand, therefore it is necessary to have a biomolecular metabolism book that is easy to understand by education students which will later be taught to students in high school.

Globally, dozens of COVID-19 vaccines are licensed under emergency or conditional authorization, but especially in low and middle-income countries, their availability varies. Indonesia decided to become independent and produce its own vaccines locally. This study investigated the safety and immunogenicity of a SARS-CoV-2 recombinant protein subunit vaccine adjuvanted with Alum + CpG 1018. This study involved 360 adults aged 18 years and above. It compared two vaccine dosages, a-12.5 µg and a 25-µg dose of receptor binding domain protein, to a placebo (1:1:1). A total of 40.6% of participants in this study experienced at least one adverse event (AE), with most being mild. There was no statistically significant difference in AEs between the groups. The microneutralization test showed the highest neutralizing antibody titer (IU/mL) in the 25 µg dose vaccine group at day 28 after the second dose (3,300 95%CI 2,215-4,914), although it was not statistically different from the 12.5 µg dose group (3,157 95%CI 2,135-4,669). Similarly, IgG antibody concentrations in the 25 µg dose vaccine group at day 28 were the highest compared to the 12.5 µg dose and placebo. According to protocol, only the formulation with the better antibody profile and comparable reactogenicity was further evaluated at months three and six. Thus, follow-up was only performed for the 25 µg dose vaccine, demonstrating antibody persistence at month six and had a favorable safety profile. These results position this SARS-CoV-2 recombinant protein subunit vaccine adjuvanted with Alum + CpG 1018 as a promising candidate to fight against COVID-19.

Aim This study aimed to explore the strategies and important components that can be implemented to build adolescent awareness about stunting prevention. Methods This study used descriptive qualitative design. The data were collected through focus group discussions (FGDs) and semi-structured interviews. Purposive sampling method was employed to select the participants. The FGDs involved adolescents (n = 6) and high school counselling teachers (n = 5), while the semi-structured interviews were conducted with experts frequently involved in overcoming stunting problems in Indonesia (n = 7). The interview results were transcribed in verbatim transcription and analysed by using thematic analysis. Results Five themes were identified from the results: 1) Adolescent identity development with three sub-themes: online identity exploration, rebellious stage, and peer influence; 2) Creative and visually appealing website with six sub-themes: interesting appearance, short time span, serial content, story pattern, scenario using adolescent idol’s name, and attractive website menu; 3) Nutritional needs for adolescents with three sub-themes: iron and calcium intake, less sugar consumption, and nutritional status; 4) Engaging content for adolescents with seven sub-themes: stunting, reproductive health, anaemia, diet, wellness, early marriage, and physical activity; and 5) Effective communication strategy with two sub-themes: consistency of activities and communicative. Implications In designing adolescent stunting prevention interventions, multidisciplinary programs utilizing engaging digital health modules and grassroots partnerships should be developed and tested. These programs aim to enhance knowledge retention among youth through appealing online content and interactive community activities. Rigorous evaluation of biopsychosocial approaches can establish integrated best practices across individual, social and policy dimensions for reducing stunting.

Advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have driven companies to incorporate AI chatbots into service encounters. However, research exploring how to balance human and AI interactions in service encounters for brand‐building strategies remains limited. Grounded in social response theory and the attachment‐aversion model of consumer‐brand relationships, this study examines the effect of different service chat agent types (substitution chatbot, augmentation chatbot, and human chat agent) on brand usage intention, with brand‐self distance and consumer brand engagement as mediating mechanisms. Service types (experience vs. credence service) act as boundary conditions moderating the relationship between service chat agents and brand‐self distance. Through two experiments involving actual interactions with three types of service chat agents, the results show that substitution chatbots negatively influence consumers' perceived brand‐self distance, engagement, and usage intention across both service types. For experience services, augmentation chatbots lead to a closer brand‐self distance than human chat agents, enhancing consumer brand engagement and brand usage intention. While for credence services, augmentation chatbots perform comparably to human chat agents. The results offer guidance for service managers and policymakers on optimizing the balance between human and technological inputs to enhance customer‐brand relationships.

In this work, the biomass charcoal from rubber wood, coconut shell, corn cob, palm kernel shell, as a reductant in the smelting process of saprolitic nickel laterite has been observed in a laboratory submerged arc furnace. A total of 5 kg of saprolite, some reductant and limestone were smelted together in this furnace, which was adjusted to 0.8 of carbon stoichiometric and 0.8 of slag basicity. The smelting process was carried out for 1 h, and the pouring temperature was 1400 °C–1500 °C. From the result, the smelting process using corn cob charcoal and palm kernel shell charcoal showed almost similar nickel grade and recovery compared with using coke as a reductant, which is above 12% and 90%, respectively. It also has the same slag phase, that is, diopside, with a low melting point. These two types of biomass waste reductants could be replaced using coke in the future.

Asian schools have consistently demonstrated higher academic achievement in mathematics compared to Western countries, largely due to cultural factors and the intensity of their educational systems. However, this success often comes with increased stress levels, which contribute to math anxiety (MA) among students. Research in cognitive psychology has shown a positive link between storytelling and enjoyable learning experiences. Nevertheless, the use of storytelling, specifically in mathematics education, still needs to be explored. This study synthesizes previous empirical research on storytelling in mathematics classrooms across Asian schools, from early childhood to high school, through a narrative review utilizing Voyant Tools. Nineteen studies, selected from seven digital databases spanning January 2004 to July 2023, were analyzed. The findings revealed that different educational levels employ varied storytelling methods in mathematics education. For instance, in elementary schools, storytelling techniques such as total physical response storytelling (TPRS) and visual aids combined with enjoyable physical activities are commonly used. In contrast, digital storytelling (DST), incorporating brain-based learning (BBL) principles, visual imagery, and music—with or without student projects—is more prevalent at the high school level. Overall, storytelling has proven to be an effective tool for motivating students in mathematics by making the subject more comprehensible and enjoyable.

Religious mass gatherings are well explored in psychology, however, much research focuses on Hindu and Islamic traditions. The present study investigated how participation in the Traslación of the Black Nazarene, a religious mass gathering, mediated the relationship between religious identity and well-being among Catholic devotees in the Philippines. First, we predicted that religious identity influences the participation of devotees in the Traslación—a religious mass gathering in the Philippines in honor of the Black Nazarene. Second, we predicted that by attending the Traslación, participants' collective effervescence and hope would increase. A survey questionnaire was administered among devotees who participated in the Traslación (N = 331). Results indicate that religious identity was associated with participation in the religious mass gathering, which in turn increased the participants' collective effervescence and hope. Moreover, the findings highlight the importance of religious identity in predicting indicators of well-being outcomes via religious mass gatherings. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.

Research background Efficiency and effectiveness in treating workers are the focus of this research in an era completely limited by circumstances to adapt to these rapid changes by analyzing the influence of leadership and training on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and the subsequent impact on performance. Purpose To determine the impact of leadership and training on performance through job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Research methodology We use quantitative methods with a path analysis. The statistical application of IBM SPSS 24 is used to calculate tiered linear regression statistics on three substructures. Substructure 1 analyzes job satisfaction, which is influenced by leadership and training. Substructure 2 explores organizational commitment as influenced by leadership and training. Substructure 3 studies performance as affected by leadership, training, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. Results Performance is directly influenced by leadership, training, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. Job satisfaction is influenced by leadership and training. Organizational commitment is influenced by leadership and training. On the indirect effect, performance is influenced by leadership and training, both job satisfaction and organizational commitment as mediating variables. Novelty Several workforce behavioral variables were integrated to adapt to rapid environmental changes.

This study aims to determine whether or not there is an effect of the inquiry learning model on students' mathematics learning outcomes. In this study there are 10 articles that will be analyzed from 2017-2024. This research is designed with a review study design that uses meta-analysis techniques. By looking for the effect size of several articles in the journal. Effect size provides information related to the strength and size of the effect of each study contained in this study. The keywords in this meta-analysis study are the effect of the inquiry learning model on student math learning outcomes. There are three levels of education, namely elementary school, junior high school / MTs, and senior high school / MA / SMK. The method used in this research is meta-analysis with a quantitative approach using Openmee data processing software. Based on the meta-analysis calculation, there is a relationship between all articles. Proven by the p-value 0,001 which means the analysis is significant with sig. 0.05 and the value of I2 above 75%. With a heterogeneity of 75.518, which means it is quite high. The inquiry learning model is effectively applied at the junior high school / MTs level, because it has an effect size of 1.126. Second, it is effective at the elementary level with a value of 0.921 and third, it is effective at the high school level with an effect size of 0.631. Keywords: Inquiry learning model, Math learning outcomes, and Meta analysis.

Introduction Studies over the past decades reveal the global decline of sperm quality among unselected men, particularly in its concentration. The impacts of exercise on sperm quality are still ambiguous. This study aims to analyze the effects of different exercise intensities on testicular malondialdehyde (MDA), testicular caspase-3, and sperm quality in mice. This study might result in the recommendation of exercise intensity that improves and protects sperm quality. Methods Male Deutschland–Denken–Yoken mice were divided into four groups: a control group and three intervention groups with different loads (low, moderate, and high) based on 3%, 6%, and 9% of body weight. MDA level by ELISA and caspase-3 by immunohistochemistry were assessed from the testicles. The sperm characteristics and quality were analyzed using the WHO standards. The multivariate data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Kruskal–Wallis. Results The testicular MDA level and caspase-3 expression were lower in the exercise groups than in the control group ( P < 0.05). Increasing intensity increased the MDA level ( P < 0.05) and expression of caspase-3 ( P < 0.05), and the lowest measurements were in the low group ( P < 0.05). Sperm concentration, motility, morphology, and viability were no different between groups ( P > 0.05). Conclusions Different exercise intensities have different but linear effects on testicular MDA and caspase-3. The lower exercise intensity, the lower testicular MDA and caspase-3. However, their impact on sperm quality needs more exploration.

Background Prior research conducted in the small bag manufacturing sector in Indonesia reported that occupational injuries occurred almost every month, with some workers reporting severe injuries that led to their fingers being amputated. Another study mentioned that the food manufacturing sectors tend to be more focused on improving their production activities than on paying attention to protecting their workers. Despite these conditions, employees are commonly seen by the owners as being responsible for their own safety at the workplace. Additionally, research examining how employees perceive occupational safety and health (OSH) and the current OSH programming available in SMB food and bag manufacturing in Indonesia is still limited. Objective This study aims to identify the perceptions among SMBs employees on OSH implementation in small and medium sized food and bag manufacturing businesses in Indonesia. Methods This qualitative study utilized in-depth interviews with employees of small and medium sized food and bag manufacturing businesses located in Bogor City, West Java Province. Results Occupational injuries happened to employees in almost all the businesses participated in the study. However, almost all the employees are not covered by insurance and accounted themselves to be responsible for both the injuries and to have the insurance. The employees often have casual or ‘family-like’ relationships with the business owners. Conclusions The ‘family-like’ relationship between business owners and employees in small and medium sized businesses can contribute to employees taking the responsibility for injuries that occur to themselves or their colleagues.

Background Stigma experienced by people with infectious diseases impedes access to care, leading to adverse psychosocial consequences. Community-based interventions could prevent or mitigate these consequences but lack robust evidence. This scoping review aimed to identify and critically appraise community-based psychosocial support interventions to reduce stigma and improve mental health for people affected by stigmatizing infectious diseases including tuberculosis (TB), HIV/AIDS, and leprosy. Methods This was a scoping review of literature indexed in PubMed, Web of Science, Elton B. Stephens Company (EBSCO) database, as well as reports in the World Health Organization repository, published from January 2000 to June 2023. We included research articles and reports addressing stigma and mental health disorders among individuals with TB, HIV/AIDS, or leprosy and/or their household members in low- and middle-income and/or high TB burden countries. We extracted information regarding types of psychosocial interventions and their reported impact on health and psychosocial indicators. Results Thirty studies were included in this review: 21 (70%) related to HIV/AIDS, seven (23%) leprosy, and two (7%) TB. Of these, eleven were quantitative studies, nine qualitative, and ten mixed-methods. Eleven community-based interventions were reported to reduce infectious disease-related stigma, predominantly internalized and enacted stigma, and improve adherence to medication, quality of life, health-related knowledge, depression symptoms, and psychosocial wellbeing. Most studies involved lay people in the community as supporters of those affected. The predominant reported mechanism of intervention effect was the ability of supporters to enable those affected to feel seen and listened to, to accept their diagnosis, to improve their self-esteem, and to facilitate continuation of their daily lives, and thereby reducing anticipated stigma, self-stigma, and mental illness. Adequate training for lay people was reported to be essential to ensure success of interventions. Conclusions This review identified a paucity of high-quality evidence relating to community-based interventions to reduce stigma for infectious diseases. However, such interventions have been reported to reduce stigma and improve mental health among people with HIV/AIDS, leprosy, and TB. Engaging affected communities and peers, through the conception, planning, training, implementation, and evaluation phases, was reported to be essential to optimise intervention uptake, impact, and sustainability.

Traditional biomedical applications in wound dressing and tissue engineering materials frequently lack the appropriate balance of environmental friendliness, antibacterial effectiveness, and mechanical strength. A growing number of medical applications are focusing on electrospun nanofibers because of their special qualities, which include a high surface area-to-volume ratio, tailor-made mechanical strength and more eco-friendly. The goal of this review paper is to thoroughly examine the corpus of research that is currently available about electrospun, nanofibers especially made from aloe vera and pineapple leaf fibers for use in biomedical applications. This review's goals include optimizing electrospinning conditions, assessing biocompatibility, researching antibacterial activity, and its current challenge.