University of Central Florida

Despite increasing interest in the topic, research on managerial responses to voice is underdeveloped. In this article, we differentiate voice implementation from voice appreciation to add much‐needed nuance to our understanding of how voice targets respond to voice behaviour. We define voice implementation as the extent to which a voice target undertakes voluntary effort with the goal of enacting a suggestion from a voicer, including attempting to put a suggestion into action and/or advocating for the idea to those with the power to enact the suggestion. A 5‐item scale based on this definition demonstrated strong content validity, construct validity, and criterion‐related validity, including significantly improving prediction of the likelihood of future voice behaviour beyond voice appreciation and endorsement. This measure of voice implementation allows for greater precision in understanding how voice targets respond to employee voice and what behaviours may encourage increased voice behaviour.

Considering the stressors immigrant parents experience, little is known about the effects of these stressors on immigrant parent-child triadic relationships, particularly bonding experiences of both parents with their child among immigrants and refugees. This study aimed to examine the relationships among acculturative stress, posttraumatic stress, and depressive symptoms in immigrant and refugee Arab American fathers and mothers and the relationship of these factors to bonding with their child. Using a cross-sectional design, we recruited 32 married mother-father dyads who were 18 years of age or older, had a healthy child between the ages of 6 and 24 months, self-identified as of Arab descent, immigrated to the U.S after the age of 14, and spoke and read either Arabic or English. All study scales demonstrated acceptable Cronbach’s α values. Three fathers and three mothers (9%) scored above the diagnostic cutoff for post-traumatic stress, 15 mothers (47%) and 8 fathers (25%) reported clinically depressive symptoms. Maternal bonding impairment was significantly correlated with maternal post-traumatic stress (ρ(32) = 0.48, p =.003) and paternal depressive symptoms (ρ(32) = 0.42, p =.008). Similarly, paternal acculturative stress and paternal depressive symptoms were correlated with paternal bonding impairment (ρ(32) = 0.35, p =.02 and (ρ(32) = 0.32, p =.03). Additionally, bonding impairments in mothers and fathers were significantly intercorrelated (ρ(32) = 0.35, p =.02). In immigrant families, the disruption caused by acculturative stress and mental health issues can be particularly distressing. Addressing these challenges requires a culturally sensitive and holistic approach.

The epitaxial integration of anisotropic materials with mainstream cubic semiconductors opens new routes to advanced electronic and photonic devices with directional properties. In this work, we synthesize heteroepitaxial thin films...

An approach is presented to the facile preparation of biointerface‐caped periodic arrays of gold nanoparticles (Au NP) with controlled plasmonic and advanced sensing properties. It relies on feedback‐controlled UV‐laser interference lithography combined with a novel ion milling method. These advancements improved preparation reproducibility yielding localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) wavelength tuned to near infrared spectrum with standard deviation of 10 nm. Moreover, a novel molecular toolkit of thiols and silatrane linkers with carboxybetaine/sulfobetaine headgroups is employed for orthogonal chemical modification of Au NPs and passivation of the optically non‐active sensor chip regions, to prevent non‐specific sorption of molecules from liquid samples. As part of this toolbox, the use of mercaptopropyl silatrane is reported as an adhesion‐promoting coating for attaching Au NPs to an oxide substrate, replacing the traditionally used strongly absorbing chromium. The developed biofunctional optical nanostructures show LSPR with improved quality factor and enable 2.5‐fold increase in accuracy for tracking of biomolecular binding on their surface via LSPR wavelength variations monitoring. In addition, a strategy is demonstrated to mitigate unspecific biomolecule sorption not only at the plasmonic hotspot on the metal surface, but also on the often‐overlooked oxide substrate, highlighting the importance of the described orthogonal modification.

Purpose of Review Chronic pain significantly impacts quality of life for millions globally, with spinal cord stimulation (SCS) as an established treatment for refractory chronic pain. However, traditional SCS therapies face limitations including inconsistent patient outcomes, challenges in patient selection, and difficulties in sustaining therapeutic efficacy. This review examines how artificial intelligence (AI) can enhance the efficacy and personalization of SCS therapy by optimizing patient selection, refining stimulation parameters, and enabling real-time adaptive adjustments. Recent Findings Recent advances demonstrate that integrating AI with SCS significantly improves patient outcomes through predictive modeling for patient selection and real-time adaptive stimulation. Predictive analytics utilizing machine learning algorithms have successfully identified patient cohorts most likely to benefit from SCS therapy, enhancing response rates and reducing suboptimal outcomes. Closed-loop AI systems incorporating physiological feedback, such as evoked compound action potentials (ECAPs), dynamically optimize stimulation parameters, resulting in sustained pain relief, decreased programming burden, and improved device longevity. Despite these promising results, critical challenges persist, particularly related to data standardization, ethical considerations, and regulatory compliance. Summary AI holds transformative potential for spinal cord stimulation, offering increased precision, personalization, and therapeutic efficiency in managing chronic pain. Although early results are encouraging, comprehensive clinical validation and multidisciplinary collaboration remain essential. Addressing ethical, regulatory, and data management challenges will be critical for widespread adoption of AI-enhanced SCS therapies in routine clinical practice.

The pressure-induced changes of the micellar structures of a thermoresponsive PMMA- b -PNIPAM diblock copolymer in a 90 : 10 v/v water/methanol mixture are characterized in the temperature–pressure frame using synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering.

Seeking to understand how racist content circulates on Twitter, we identified several repeated phrases, or memes – ‘diversity is a code’, ‘diversity means chasing down’, ‘antiwhites deny white genocide’, ‘genocide in South Africa’, ‘woke go broke’, and ‘woke mind virus’ – that use social justice terminology and span from general conservatism to white nationalism. Despite apparently disparate rhetoric in the memes, they had shared users and topics of discussion, leading us to investigate how ideas and people circulate across both ideological and social media networks. In this article, we analyze the network structure of who tweeted these memes and whether they were widespread or concentrated, conduct a content analysis of their shared topics, and use discourse analysis to unpack the ideologies they represent. We argue that these tweets that package conservative ideology into memes using progressive terminology provide a window into how users and ideas travel across right-wing networks, gaining traction and visibility by reusing and remixing these phrases.

A prescription for determining the nondegenerate three-photon absorption spectrum of zinc-blende semiconductors is presented. Theoretical calculations based on third-order perturbation theory and Kane’s band structure provide the nondegenerate three-photon absorption coefficient for any combination of photon energies and polarizations. The enhancement over three orders of magnitude is predicted when using extremely nondegenerate photon energies, which is greater than that predicted with two-photon absorption. A large polarization dependence is predicted for excite-probe measurements (two photons absorbed from the excitation and one from the probe), with variation between parallel and perpendicular polarizations of up to a factor of 10 with a significant spectral dependence. Experimental measurements on zinc-blende GaAs and ZnSe show excellent agreement with the predicted spectral shape, nondegenerate enhancement, and polarization dependence. In addition, wurtzite CdS also shows a large enhancement over the degenerate case.

The interfaces of perovskite solar cells are essential for high power conversion efficiency and long‐term stability. This study showcases two innovative materials, WZ40 and WZ102, triarylamine end‐capped functionalized terthiophene derivatives. These materials serve as hole‐transporting materials (HTMs), enabling the production of efficient mixed‐halide inverted perovskite solar cells. Both HTMs exhibit impressive thermal stability with decomposition temperatures over 415 °C, making them suitable for developing stable perovskite solar cells. Their sulfur‐rich terthiophene core enhances perovskite stability through Pb–S interactions, promoting uniform crystal growth. By adjusting the electron density in WZ40 and WZ102 through donor and acceptor group modifications, energy level alignment at the HTM/perovskite interface is optimized, facilitating efficient hole transfer. The donor‐rich WZ102‐based solar cell achieves an outstanding open‐circuit voltage of 1.09 V and a power conversion efficiency of close to 20%, thanks to effective hole transport and low series resistance. This work introduces a promising class of terthiophene‐based small molecules as HTMs, paving the way for dopant‐free interface materials and advancing the commercialization of perovskite solar cells.

Facial morphology is a defining aspect of Homo sapiens that distinguishes our species from fossil ancestors and plays a central role in estimating age, sex, and ancestry in both past and present populations. Understanding how the face develops during postnatal ontogeny is essential for interpreting adult facial variation. Periosteal bone modeling (i.e., patterns of resorption and formation) provides direct evidence of bone growth activity underlying morphological variation. This study quantifies periosteal bone modeling in a cross‐sectional ontogenetic sample of individuals ranging from birth to adulthood from three geographical populations: Western Europe, Greenland, and South Africa. Epoxy replicas were analyzed using digital microscopy to quantify bone resorption, and digital maps of the bone modeling patterns were created for each facial region—brow ridge, zygomatic, maxilla, and mandible—and projected onto three‐dimensional surface models. In parallel, geometric morphometric and multivariate statistical analyses were used to evaluate ontogenetic patterns. Results highlight a consistent sequence of resorption and deposition during human ontogeny and a strong pattern of covariation between bone modeling and shape for most facial regions. The face is largely resorptive from early ontogeny, with deposition increasing with age; the maxilla is significantly more resorptive than other facial regions. Greater resorption in the midface corresponds to significant facial growth and development in early ontogeny, and a developmental shift around adolescence marks the transition from primarily downward to more forward‐oriented growth. Overall, the combined approach underscores the developmental coordination of the face and suggests that the human facial growth pattern reflects the need to maintain a non‐projecting face from birth on.

Efficient carrier injection is crucial for the performance of transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC)‐based light‐emitting devices. This work investigates the electroluminescent (EL) performance of TMDC devices using two metal contact strategies: direct Ti/Ag and van der Waals (vdW) Sb/Ag contacts. The vdW Sb/Ag contact significantly outperforms the direct Ti/Ag contact, achieving a 173.92% increase in EL intensity and enhanced carrier mobility. This improvement is attributed to the formation of crystalline antimonene at the metal‐semiconductor interface, which lowers the Schottky Barrier Height (SBH) and facilitates efficient carrier injection. Arrhenius analysis reveals an SBH of 0.86 eV for the Ti/Ag contact, while the vdW Sb/Ag contact reduces it to 0.45 eV. The reduced SBH, combined with a lower density of interface states, results in better current injection and improved overall device performance. The enhanced optoelectronic characteristics achieved with the vdW contact highlight its potential for optimizing TMDC‐based EL devices. These findings provide valuable insights into the development of high‐performance 2D material‐based light emitters and demonstrate the advantages of vdW contacts for future optoelectronic applications, offering a promising pathway to improve the efficiency and functionality of TMDC devices.

Muslim refugees face unique challenges following resettlement, which are shaped by their intersecting identities. Discriminatory policies have further exacerbated misunderstandings and prejudice against Muslim refugees in post-resettlement contexts. This convergent mixed-methods study examined the post-resettlement challenges and discrimination experiences of Muslim refugees and their impact on well-being. Quantitative data ( n = 26) assessed discrimination, mental health, integration, and post-migration difficulties, while qualitative interviews ( n = 8) provided deeper insights into the effects of these policies. Findings revealed that 56% of participants reported emotional stress and living difficulties, including limited access to services and concerns for families in their home countries. Positive correlations emerged between psychological distress, discrimination, and postmigration living difficulties. Findings underscore that discrimination against Muslim refugees, particularly those identify as women, is multifaceted and often manifests in subtle and nuanced ways. This highlights the importance of recognizing their intersecting identities and the potential for encountering covert forms of discrimination. Strengthened community networks, safe cross-cultural dialogues, and inclusive policies fostering a welcoming environment are essential to support integration and promote refugee well-being and a sense of belonging. These efforts can facilitate the development of effective programs and services and enhance the resettlement experience for Muslim refugees.

Sex‐related alcohol expectancies about oneself and one's partner vary across time and context, yet alcohol‐related sexual violence research predominantly measures alcohol expectancies as stable traits. Sexually active, non‐abstinent men completed a sexual aggression analog scenario. After indicating a preference for a female or male hypothetical partner, participants were randomized to a scenario depicting a highly or low intoxicated partner, and they reported sex‐related alcohol expectancies and sexual interest for themselves and their partner at four points across the scenario as well as their sexual aggression intentions. Repeated‐measures ANOVA and latent growth curve modeling suggested self‐ and partner‐specific sex‐related alcohol expectancies and sexual interest fluctuated across the scenario. Less acute decreases in self‐ and partner‐sex‐related alcohol expectancies and perceived sexual interest following partner sexual refusal were associated with sexual aggression intentions. Prevention research and program development should incorporate a dynamic conceptualization of alcohol expectancies when examining sexual assault perpetration risks.

In semi-arid coastal wetlands, there is limited information on how the water table responds to the artificial, anthropogenic opening of sandbars (SB) at their mouths. We hypothesize that water restrictions, combined with a prolonged closure of the SB, degrade stream quality. Conversely, opening the barrier should lead to a flushing effect, causing streams to resemble seawater in composition. We studied the Tongoy estuary in the Coquimbo Region, Chile, where six station points were surveyed over 20 months, encompassing several SB openings and closings. Water pH, turbidity and redox potential tended to decrease following SB openings, while dissolved oxygen saturation, electrical conductivity, salinity, and density increased as seawater entered the estuary. Water temperature generally followed seasonal air temperature trends, whereas dissolved oxygen concentration showed a negative relationship with temperature. Nitrate and phosphorus levels were less influenced by SB openings. Although several variables exhibited trends consistent with SB status, in the long term, they tended to align with seawater conditions. Our results suggest that SB openings drive a flushing process and a directional shift towards marine conditions. This transition from freshwater to saline environments follows a predictable cycle, with potential implications for habitat creation and loss, as well as for biological communities. When respect to ecological management, determining an “ideal” state for the Tongoy stream is not straightforward. Establishing protocols for the opening and closing of the SB is crucial and requires studies on species composition dynamics and physicochemical variables to balance human interests, nature conservation and ecosystem function.

Background Globally, the rising concern regarding the stress experienced by police officials poses a significant challenge. However, there is limited research on this issue in low- and middle-income countries like India. The present study examines the specific stressors associated with the operational demands and organizational structures experienced by police officers in the state of Kerala, India. Methods A survey was conducted among police officials working in randomly selected police stations located in the Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala. We used the level of occupational and organizational stress using the police stress questionnaire. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to determine the factors that were associated with higher stress levels. Results The findings indicated that 75.5% of participants experienced high operational stress and 65.6% experienced high organizational stress. Age was significantly associated with operational stress, with participants in the higher age group reporting higher levels of stress(odds ratio (OR): 2.20, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05–4.59). Participants with lower physical activity levelshad a higher likelihood of experiencing operational stress (OR: 7.07; CI: 2.85–17.50) and organizational stress (OR: 2.77, 95% CI: 1.38–5.59) compared to their more active counterparts. The use of alcohol or tobacco was found to be the highest associated factor with operational (OR: 14.58, CI:4.19–50.7) and organizational stress (OR: 27.45, CI:8.01–94.03). Having diabetes or hypertension was also significantly associated with a high level of operational stress (OR: 2.97, CI: 1.32–6.60) and organizational stress (OR: 4.16; CI: 2.02–8.57). Conclusions The study highlights factors associated with higher stress levels, including physical inactivity, alcohol or tobacco use, and morbidity, that require targeted interventions to enhance the mental and physical health of police officers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers proposesuitable intervention programs in this population. Further, the findings suggest that the police departments may consider providing better stress-management skills, mental health resources, and flexible work arrangements to managestress.

This work proposes a novel low-complexity digital backpropagation (DBP) method, with the goal of optimizing the trade-off between backpropagation accuracy and complexity. The method combines a split step Fourier method (SSFM)- like structure with a simplified logarithmic perturbation method to obtain a high accuracy with a small number of DBP steps. Subband processing and asymmetric steps with optimized splitting ratio are also employed to further reduce the number of steps required to achieve a prescribed performance. The first part of the manuscript is dedicated to the derivation of a simplified logarithmic-perturbation model for the propagation of a dual-polarization multiband signal in an optical fiber, which serves as a theoretical background for the development of the proposed coupled-band enhanced split step Fourier method (CB-ESSFM) and for the analytical calculation of the model coefficients. Next, the manuscript presents a digital signal processing algorithm for the implementation of DBP based on a discrete-time version of the model and an overlap-and-save processing strategy. Practical approaches for the optimization of the coefficients used in the algorithm and of the splitting ratio of the asymmetric steps are also discussed. A detailed analysis of the computational complexity of the algorithm is also presented. Finally, the performance and complexity of the proposed DBP method are investigated through numerical simulations and compared to those of other methods. In a five-channel 100 GHz-spaced wavelength division multiplexing system over a 15 ${\times }$ 80 km single-mode-fiber link, the proposed CB-ESSFM achieves a gain of about 1 dB over simple dispersion compensation with only 15 steps (corresponding to 681 real multiplications per 2D symbol), with an improvement of 0.9 dB over conventional SSFM and almost 0.4 dB over our previously proposed ESSFM. Significant gains and improvements are obtained also at lower complexity. For instance, the gain reduces to a still significant value of 0.34 dB when a single DBP step is employed, requiring just 75 real multiplications per 2D symbol. A similar analysis is performed also for longer links, confirming the good performance of the proposed method.

In 2015, Italian communication expert Annamaria Testa delivered a TED Talk called “From Bello to Biutiful,” addressing Italenglish, or the increasing encroachment of English words into otherwise Italian communicative contexts. Uploaded onto YouTube, Testa’s video has since received over 1100 comments, in which YouTube users interact not only with the content of her video but also with each other, as they offer opinions and counteropinions about language use, circulating heterogeneous, at times contrasting naturalized language ideological beliefs while establishing their own linguistic authority in different ways. By analyzing some of the recurring notions about code mixing that citizen sociolinguists (Rymes, How we talk about language: Exploring citizen sociolinguistics. Cambridge University Press, 2020) circulate online, this study identifies the dominant sentiment among many users that Italenglish is a deplorable linguistic hybridization. Concurrently, our analysis also sheds light on various counterdiscourses that refute this dominant sentiment. In addition, we show how users discursively construct their own language-related authority as well as how they exploit the power of social media to reify or to challenge prevailing language ideologies.

Objective Suicide is a leading cause of death among adolescents and research on aggregated data conceals unique vulnerabilities across ethno-racial subpopulations. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) increase risk for suicide ideation (SI) and suicide attempts (SA), but these associations may vary across different ethno-racial groups and years. Method Data from the 2013–2022 Minnesota Student Survey were used to assess trends in past-year SI and SA (grades 8, 9, and 11, n = 421,709). We described frequencies of demographics and evaluated trends using the Mantel–Haenszel tests of linear associations stratified by 12 ethno-racial groups and sex. Using logistic regression models, we assessed how SI and SA outcomes varied across ethno-racial groups when adjusting for grade and ACEs. Results Overall, SI and SA increased among 8 th and 9 th grade female students. Female students more frequently reported SI (14.0–20.1%, p < 0.001) and SA (4.9–5.6%, p < 0.001), compared to male students (SI 6.3–8.8%; SA 1.9–2.5%, p < 0.001), with Black Latine, American Indian/Alaskan Native (AIAN), and multiracial students consistently reporting high rates. Rates of SA significantly increased among AIAN male and AIAN and Black female students. ACEs were strongly related to SI and SA, but time trends were not limited to changes in ACEs for most groups. Conclusion These marked differences in SI and SA call for targeted and multipronged prevention approaches that account for shared and distinct factors across sex, developmental stages, and ethno-racial subgroups. To develop acceptable and efficacious interventions identifying amenable targets within subgroups is critical.

Many autistic children receive special education services via Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) that include specific educational goals and needs. Prior research has examined programming options available to support autistic students, but less is known about their educational needs across academic and developmental educational goals. Additionally, existing approaches have often relied on small studies focused on describing individual goal areas. This study uses data from 551 families from across the United States with an autistic child in grades K-12 and latent class analysis to (a) identify latent, or underlying, subgroups based off multivariate response patterns across educational goals endorsed in six domains (reading, writing, math, language and communication, social skills, behavior), and (b) examine if demographic and developmental covariates predict latent class membership. We identified five latent classes: All Goals (40.49%); Autistic Characteristics (21.63%); Language, Literacy, and Autistic Characteristics (18.99%); Academic (13.94%); and Language and Communication (4.95%). Two covariates—percentage of time spent in general education and adaptive behavior—predicted differences in latent class membership. Findings offer a comprehensive examination into the heterogeneous educational needs of autistic school-age children. Our results emphasize the need for researchers and educators to understand the educational needs of autistic students beyond the presence of an IEP.