University of Wisconsin–Eau Claire

This paper examines how the adoption of iXBRL affects future earnings response coefficients (FERCs), which measure investors’ ability to predict future performance and impound the prediction into the current‐year stock price. We find that the adoption of iXBRL is positively associated with FERCs. This finding indicates that investors can better anticipate the future performance from iXBRL filings and reflect it on the current stock price. We also find that the number of standardized and extension tags can strengthen the association between iXBRL adoption and FERCs, demonstrating the benefit of those two tags in enhancing investors’ capabilities to analyze complex financial disclosures. Our findings are informative to the SEC regarding the effectiveness of the iXBRL mandate. We also contribute to the emerging literature on iXBRL adoption and the usability of iXBRL filings.

Historically, scholars understood girl gang involvement through the lens of boy’s gang experience. Solely relying on the aforementioned demographic’s gang experience dismisses the intersectional nature of girl gang involvement. This article explores how Latinx teenage gang members describe and understand their involvement and/or affiliation with gangs by using multiracial feminism and intersectionality as theoretical frameworks. We found that multiracial feminism is valuable in explaining girl gang involvement. Intersecting identities affect how Latinx girls perceived their gang participation and navigated through formal and informal institutions and social interactions with fellow gang members.

As organizations increasingly deploy Industry 4.0 technologies to enhance operational efficiency, understanding the human impacts of such technological transformations becomes crucial. This study investigates how technological implementation affects service workers who form essential links in organizational supply chains yet often face occupational stigma. Drawing from the Job Demands-Resources Model, we examined whether work technicalization—the application of intelligent technologies and high-tech tools in operations—serves as a resource or demand for workers managing stigma. Through a multi-wave, multi-source field study of 207 service workers, we found that technological implementation may inadvertently heighten demands via emotional exhaustion, reducing proactive behaviors while increasing withdraw behaviors. These findings have important implications for operations managers implementing technological changes, suggesting the need for more nuanced approaches to technology deployment that consider both operational efficiency and worker wellbeing. We address the theoretical contributions to operations research and practical implications for managing technological transitions in service operations.

Objective This study investigates the social norms of suicide acceptability among sexual and gender minority (GM) individuals, aiming to replicate and extend previous findings. Method Participants ( n = 1962) aged 18–35 were recruited through social media and university email lists. Participants were randomly assigned to one of five vignettes depicting a non‐lethal suicide attempt following either general (e.g., failed relationship) or LGBTQ+ specific stressors (e.g., same‐sex encounter). Measures assessed perceptions of suicidal behavior, acceptability of suicide, empathy with the decision to attempt suicide, perceived emotional adjustment, suicide intent, and character of the suicidal person. Data were analyzed using a 4 (identity type) × 5 (scenario) between‐subject ANCOVAs. Results Significant differences were found across minority types. Sexual and gender minority participants viewed suicidal behavior more positively and as more acceptable compared to cisgender heterosexual participants. Gender minority participants perceived higher levels of emotional adjustment and lower suicidal intent than all other groups. No significant group differences were found in empathy toward the decision to attempt suicide. Conclusion The findings suggest that suicide is viewed as permissible and perhaps normalized within LGBTQ+ communities, potentially increasing risk. Interventions targeting permissive suicide scripts may be crucial for suicide prevention among LGBTQ+ populations.

Using grid diagrams, we establish a methodology to encode and analyze pretzel links, enabling a systematic approach of their topological and algebraic properties. By employing a combination of knot theory, graph theory, and combinatorial techniques, we uncover relationships between the structure of pretzel links and their corresponding grid diagram representations. Additionally, we present computational techniques for efficiently generating and analyzing invariants of these specific grid diagrams. Within this paper, we provide the reader with an expository overview of grid diagrams and pretzel links, provide theorems and conjectures about combinatorial properties of the pretzel links’ grid diagrams, and supply the reader future directions for study and research.

Although servant leadership is vital to individual, team, and organizational success, an emerging stream of literature has documented that such behaviors are pursued at the expense of the leader’s personal resources. We challenge the notion that servant leadership behaviors solely result in resource loss, by advancing a resource gain perspective. Integrating insights from servant leadership theory with broaden-and-build theory, we assert that enacting servant leadership behaviors generate physiological, psychological, and relational resources for the leaders themselves. Using an experience sampling design across two work weeks, we found that servant leadership behaviors earlier in the day produced a positive affective experience for the leader which facilitated heightened levels of vitality, intrinsic motivation, and work meaningfulness later in the day. However, the resource generating benefits of servant leadership behaviors were more likely to accrue to leaders who ‘buy into’ servant leadership, as evidenced by espousing values that are consistent with the self-subordinating ethos that undergirds servant leadership theory. Simply put, the servant first mindset proposed in seminal servant leadership theory is an important prerequisite to benefit from its resource generating effects. Our actor-centric approach to understanding the daily regenerative effects of servant leadership behaviors for the leaders themselves yields multiple theoretical, empirical, and practical insights.

Understanding factors that alter the effect of alcohol in biological systems has been an area of active investigation for several decades. Recently, it has become clear that age is one of the most salient factors influencing how both acute and chronic alcohol exposure alters behavioral function. The following book chapter discusses how alcohol produces differential effects in adolescent animals in comparison to adult and aged (i.e., older) animals. Furthermore, where possible, relevant research identifying possible brain mechanisms mediating the differential effects of alcohol will be discussed. Finally, we highlight a small number of studies where sex and age of the subject interact to modify cognitive impairments produced by alcohol. We conclude that much work still needs to be done to fully understand how age, sex, and alcohol interact to produce the wide range of effects caused by consumption of the drug.

We provide a robust measure of isomorphic behaviors of corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices by using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic model to uncover the informational content within CSR reporting, which is a comprehensive document that outlines a company’s efforts, strategies, and performance related to social, environmental, and governance responsibilities. Focusing on state-owned enterprises (SOEs), we investigate whether these firms exhibit more homogeneous CSR practices compared to non-SOEs, in response to institutional pressures. In line with institutional theory, our analysis reveals that SOEs are more likely than non-SOEs to align their CSR practices with those of peer SOEs from the previous year in pursuit of legitimacy. This tendency is especially pronounced in pollution-intensive industries and firms under mimetic and normative pressures. Furthermore, we find that geographical proximity and board interlock networks are two mechanisms facilitating the dissemination of CSR-related information. Our results hold under a series of robustness and endogeneity tests.

Social media has become an integral part of many people’s lives. On Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, TikTok, and X (formerly known as Twitter), millions of Americans log on every day to find news, comment on issues, and publish information about their lives. These platforms have become, as the Supreme Court opined in Packingham v. North Carolina (2017), “the most important places (in a spatial sense) for the exchange of views” today, as they are “the modern public square.” This is also true for public officials, who might use social media for many purposes, including communicating with constituents, appealing to voters, and sharing personal content with family and friends. When a public official deletes another user’s comments from that official’s social media page or blocks a user’s account entirely, does it violate the First Amendment? This was at issue in Lindke v. Freed and O’Connor-Radcliff v. Garnier. The answer lies, in part, in whether the public official was engaged in state action when preventing someone from posting on that official’s page.

Background: Amanita muscaria, commonly known as fly agaric or fly amanita, is a mushroom renowned for its distinctive appearance and psychoactive properties attributed to its compounds, ibotenic acid, and muscimol. Contemporary interest in Amanita muscaria has surged, driven by anecdotal reports of perceived psychological and medicinal benefits. Objectives: However, no clinical studies exist thus far. This study employs thematic analysis of discussions from the "r/AmanitaMuscaria" subreddit on Reddit to explore users' reasons for its consumption and the positive and negative experiences associated with this mushroom. A total of 998 principal posts and their associated 9,542 comments were analyzed, revealing thematic trends in adverse effects, perceived positive (not adverse) outcomes, reasons for use, modes of consumption, and thought perceptions. Conclusions: Findings highlight that users experienced more positive than adverse effects, and adverse effects experienced were minimal and primarily self-limiting. These findings may be particularly salient in clinical settings, as medical providers might find it challenging to uncover Amanita muscaria use among their patients unless presented with severe adverse effects. Future research is recommended to investigate Amanita muscaria's pharmacology further to inform patients and medical providers of safe practices. Finally, an innovative methodological strategy is warranted to examine Reddit posts in-depth to understand users' perceptions and attitudes.

Purpose Heart failure (HF) is a debilitating form of cardiovascular disease that is increasing worldwide. Poor oral health is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but there are few studies specific to the development of HF. In particular, there are no known studies on oral hygiene and HF in the United States. This study characterizes the association between oral hygiene, oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), and risk of HF in adults. Methods A case-control sample was assembled from adult patients of the Marshfield Clinic Health System in north-central Wisconsin. HF cases were matched on age and sex to HF-free controls. HF case status, along with clinical covariates, were extracted from electronic health records. Surveys were used to collect oral health exposures (toothbrushing, flossing, dental visits, and OHRQoL) and other sociodemographic covariates. Multivariable regression was used to examine associations with HF. Results Survey response rates were 67% in HF cases and 74% in HF-free controls, yielding an analytical sample of 410 individuals. OHRQoL was not significantly associated with HF, but both oral hygiene and last dental visit were. Specifically, multivariable models revealed that participants with excellent oral hygiene had significantly lower odds of HF as compared to those with fair/poor oral hygiene [aOR = 0.47 (CI: 0.24, 0.95), p = 0.035]. Similarly, participants with a more recent dental visit that occurred less than two years prior had significantly lower odds of HF as compared to participants with a dental visit that occurred more than two years prior [aOR = 0.43 (CI: 0.25, 0.74), p = 0.002]. Conclusion Good oral hygiene (i.e., regular toothbrushing/flossing) and a recent dental visit were protective against HF. If poor oral health is established as a causal contributor to HF in future research, it could open up previously unrecognized or underappreciated additional pathways to prevention whereby the risk of HF development could be interrupted by more intense screening/recognition of deteriorating oral health by medical care teams, as well as a more direct focus on cardiovascular disease prevention by dental care teams.

The rampant dendrite growth and notorious parasitic reactions significantly compromise the stability of zinc anodes in aqueous zinc metal batteries, presenting substantial for their practical applications. Herein, this work proposes a synergistic strategy that reconstructs the Helmholtz plane to precisely regulate the interface chemistry between the anode and the electrolyte. Experimental investigations and theoretical calculations demonstrate that even a small amount of pyridine oxide (PNO) additive effectively alters the coordination environment and reorganizes the solvation sheath in the Outer Helmholtz Plane (OHP). Simultaneously, PNO molecules preferentially adsorbed on the anode surface, displacing active water from the Inner Helmholtz Plane (IHP). Through synergistic regulation in both the OHP and IHP, zinc ions achieve compact and dense deposition along the Zn (002) crystal plane, while parasitic reactions catalyzed by active water are effectively suppressed. Consequently, the symmetric cell incorporating the PNO additive demonstrates stable cycling performance, maintaining more than 2300 h at 1 mA cm⁻² and sustaining over 400 h even at a high depth of discharge of 85%. Furthermore, the Zn||AQ cell retains 80% of its capacity after 3000 cycles and exhibits outstanding cycling stability even under the high active material mass loading (22 mg cm⁻²) using the modified electrolyte.

Sedimentary basins in the distal Cenozoic Andean retroarc yield an important geological archive that provides crucial insights into the tectonic and sedimentary processes associated with the different stages of mountain building. At 33° S, the tectonic and sedimentary processes that have operated during the Neogene and Quaternary periods of Andean orogenesis are well documented, whereas information on the Paleogene period remains fragmentary and partly enigmatic. The Paleogene sedimentation in the distal retroarc at this latitude is represented by the Divisadero Largo Formation, a 70-m-thick sedimentary unit that has been extensively studied for its fossil content, leading to the controversial definition of the late Eocene Divisaderan South American Land Mammal Age (SALMA). New zircon U–Pb geochronological data provide a valuable age constraint for Paleogene tectonic and sedimentary processes in the Southern Central Andes. Furthermore, we present the first detailed facies analysis of the Divisadero Largo Formation, combined with a sedimentary provenance study and a seismic subsurface characterisation of this unit. Our results indicate that the age of the Divisadero Largo Formation is Palaeocene to early Eocene (~65–41 Ma). Deposition of this unit occurred in a shallow, lacustrine depositional environment with variable water depths and was characterised by a low accumulation rate of 3 m/Myr. During this time, the sediment source was predominately located in the Andean magmatic arc; however, no conclusive evidence of significant Paleogene deformation exists. These characteristics (age, depositional environment, low accumulation rate and provenance) enable a regional correlation with Paleogene deposits farther south in the Neuquén Basin. In addition, based on U–Pb geochronology and sedimentary features, a 20 Myr hiatus could be defined between the Divisadero Largo Formation and overlying synorogenic deposits, as has been proposed farther south, reflecting the northernmost record of this hiatus. Taken together, these new observations help to refine a tectono-sedimentary model for the evolution of the Southern Central Andes retroarc basin at 33° S that comprises four stages preceding the well-documented Miocene contraction phase: (i) Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous extension; (ii) Late Cretaceous contraction; (iii) Palaeocene–middle Eocene tectonic quiescence; and (iv) a renewed phase of late Eocene–Oligocene extension.

This study presents the development of an asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) utilizing NP-MnO_2 as the positive electrode and P-MXene/ "C" _"PAQ" -A (PAQ: quinone-amine polymer) as the negative electrode. This combination enhanced energy and power density by combining pseudocapacitive and electrochemical double-layer mechanisms. Characterization and electrochemical analysis reveal superior performance, including a wider voltage window (1.9V) and extended cycle life, positioning this kind of ASC as a promising solution for advanced energy storage applications. Environmental impact is minimized using water-based electrolytes.

Student teaching is a powerful formative experience for special education teacher candidates. Crucial to candidate success in student teaching is the effectiveness of their mentor teacher. However, the role of mentor teacher does not occur in a vacuum and context factors into the quality of the experience. A growing body of research indicates that a placement school’s working conditions may also contribute to candidate outcomes. Yet, prior research provides little insight into how these elements may interact and relate to candidates’ development. This study investigates this potential relationship and the ways in which they may shape candidate development. Results suggest mentor teachers’ available planning time and collaborative relationships with general education colleagues are important working conditions in supporting relationships between mentors and candidates, candidate development, and candidates’ future career plans. Implications and future directions for mentorship research are discussed.

Introduction One's relationship with, attitudes toward, and subjective experiences of the body have been theorized to contribute to self‐preservation and self‐destruction. These components of body regard have demonstrated associations with suicidal thoughts and behaviors but remain understudied. This study examined whether body regard acts as a moderator of the relationship between suicide ideation and attempts as well as its effect on the relationships of other established suicide risk factors. Methods A random sample survey of 2021 young adults was conducted assessing body regard, fearlessness about death, depression, anxiety, stress, lifetime NSSI, and past year suicide ideation and attempts. Results A logistic regression analyses revealed that body regard was a significant predictor of past year suicide attempt, alongside NSSI, and suicide ideation. Follow‐up moderation analyses found that body regard significantly moderated the effect of suicide ideation such that ideation was only significantly associated with suicide attempts when body regard was low. High body regard also weakened the effect of ideation on attempts across levels of NSSI. Conclusions Body regard may operate as a volitional factor for suicide attempts while also buffering the moderating relationships of other risk factors. Etiological models, assessment, and treatments aimed at addressing suicide risk should include attention to one's body regard.

A machine learning-based drug screening technique has been developed and optimized using a novel, stitched neural network architecture with trainable, graph convolution-based fingerprints as a base into an artificial neural network. The architecture is efficient, explainable, and performant as a tool for the binary classification of ligands based on a user-chosen docking score threshold. Assessment using two standardized virtual screening databases substantiated the architecture’s ability to learn molecular features and substructures and predict ligand classes based on binding affinity values more effectively than similar contemporary counterparts. Furthermore, to highlight the architecture’s utility to groups and laboratories with varying resources, experiments were carried out using randomly sampled small molecules from the ZINC database and their computational docking scores against six drug-design relevant proteins. This new architecture proved to be more efficient in screening molecules that less favorably bind to a specific target thereby retaining top-hit molecules. Compared to similar protocols developed using Morgan fingerprints, the neural fingerprint-based model shows superiority in retaining the best ligands while filtering molecules at a higher relative rate. Lastly, the explainability of the model was investigated; it was revealed that the model accurately emphasized important chemical substructures and atoms through the intermediate fingerprint, which, in turn, contributed heavily to the ultimate prediction of a ligand as binding tightly to a certain protein.

This study explores the relationship between non‐deal roadshows (NDRs), the medium of exchange used in mergers and acquisitions (M&As) and the value created by these significant corporate events. NDRs can reduce asymmetric information, which is a significant driver of merger announcement returns, the choice of merger financing, and the acquisition bid premium. I show that NDR activity is important in explaining the cross‐sectional variation of the excess returns around M&As and the acquisition bid premium. NDRs are also significant to understanding the medium of exchange, and their relevance is more pronounced when the firms involved have higher levels of asymmetric information and uncertainty. My findings suggest that NDRs convey relevant information about acquiring and target firms in M&A transactions. This paper identifies and measures distinct firm‐specific outcomes of NDR activity that had yet to be studied.