University of Seville

Currently, there is limited available information on the epidemiology of parasitic infections in captive non-human primates (NHPs) and their zoonotic potential. However, numerous cases of helminth infections in NHPs have been documented in several zoos around the world, with one of the most prevalent being those of the genus Trichuris. The main objective of this study is to investigate the occurrence of infection by Trichuris spp. in primates from zoological gardens in Spain and to ascertain, at the species level, the specific Trichuris species harbored by these hosts by using mitochondrial and ribosomal markers. A total of 315 stools collected from NPHs (n = 47) in the 13 zoological gardens analyzed yielded a prevalence rate of 19.05%. Nevertheless, not all the zoos exhibited parasitic infections; this was observed in only 53.85% of the zoos. Moreover, 15 host groups of 12 different species were found to be infected by Trichuris species, among which the identified species included Trichuris trichiura , Trichuris colobae , and Trichuris sp. Our findings suggest a substantial exposure of primates to zoonotic Trichuris species, suggesting that NHPs could potentially act as reservoirs capable of transmitting this parasite to humans. Hence, it is crucial to implement additional control and prevention measures and explore ways to eradicate parasitic infections in these areas. Further examination is warranted to minimize the risk of spreading drug-resistant parasite strains.

Background One of the most relevant risk factors for suicide is the presence of previous attempts. The symptomatic profile of people who reattempt suicide deserves attention. Network analysis is a promising tool to study this field. Objective To analyze the symptomatic network of patients who have attempted suicide recently and compare networks of people with several attempts and people with just one at baseline. Methods 1043 adult participants from the Spanish cohort “SURVIVE” were part of this study. Participants were classified into two groups: single attempt group (n = 390) and reattempt group (n = 653). Different network analyses were carried out to study the relationships between suicidal ideation, behavior, psychiatric symptoms, diagnoses, childhood trauma, and impulsivity. A general network and one for each subgroup were estimated. Results People with several suicide attempts at baseline scored significantly higher across all clinical scales. The symptomatic networks were equivalent in both groups of patients (p > .05). Although there were no overall differences between the networks, some nodes were more relevant according to group belonging. Conclusions People with a history of previous attempts have greater psychiatric symptom severity but the relationships between risk factors show the same structure when compared with the single attempt group. All risk factors deserve attention regardless of the number of attempts, but assessments can be adjusted to better monitor the occurrence of reattempts.

Marine fog remains a challenging process for environmental prediction; in coastal areas, these challenges are complicated by the heterogeneity of the land–sea boundary. Here, the findings from an investigation into the boundary‐layer development downstream of a remote, low‐relief island will be presented. This work arose from an intense observing period (IOP) during the Fog And Turbulence Interactions in the Marine Atmosphere (FATIMA) 2022 field campaign near Sable Island (SI) in the North Atlantic. The premise was to examine a unique fog dissipation mechanism known as a fog shadow, hypothesized to be caused by fog‐laden boundary interaction with the island's surface. Using coordinated measurements from the island observing station and a heavily instrumented research vessel, we have conducted an extensive analysis into the spatio‐temporal evolution of the atmospheric boundary‐layer state downstream of SI. A low‐level jet during the IOP prevented the development of an extensive fog layer in the region, and hence localized dissipation in the lee of the island. In terms of boundary‐layer development, the measurements captured the rough–smooth internal boundary‐layer formation, with some secondary impacts of the temperature adjustment from land to water surfaces. Analysis of the fetch‐limited wave growth followed the expected self‐similarity, but at a much higher intensity than predicted for the stability regime; this was linked to spatial inhomogeneity in wind acceleration and stress downstream, which may have increased the lateral extent of island impacts on the boundary layer.

Background: There is an increased prevalence of mental health problems in various population groups as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and its consequences, especially regarding anxiety, stress, depression, fear, and sleep disturbances, require to be investigated longitudinally. Objective: This study aimed to determine the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic had on the mental health of Nursing students, as well as to examine other associated factors such as anxiety, fear, sleep disturbances, and coping strategies. Method: This systematic review and meta-analysis were designed following the PRISMA guidelines and were registered in PROSPERO with code CRD42024541904. PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Scopus electronic databases were utilized. Keywords indexed in the MeSH thesaurus were used (COVID-19, nurs* student and mental health), following the Condition Context Population (CoCoPop) strategy. A total of 3866 studies were obtained of which 36 were selected for inclusion in the review. The Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool was used to assess the methodological quality of the selected studies, all of which were cross-sectional, finally including those with a cutoff point equal to or greater than 4 out of 8. Results: The prevalence of total anxiety was found to be 33.6% in the meta-analysis. For depression, the prevalence was 37.92%, and for stress, it was 52.46%. The results of this study show increased levels of stress, anxiety, depression, fear, and sleep disturbances among Nursing students that coincide with the different waves of the pandemic, changes in the study methodology, and the increase or decrease in reports of cases of infection. A relationship is observed between variations in these variables and the implementation of protective measures and vaccinations in different countries. Conclusion: As the pandemic progressed, hygiene and prevention measures became more effective, and the lethality of the virus decreased. The prevalence of the negative psychological effects also decreased from the onset in 2020 until the end of 2022. Due to the impact of the pandemic on global health, preventive measures should include personal, family, emotional, economic, educational, professional, and mental health approaches.

Terminal sliding-mode control (TSMC) has been studied and applied extensively in the last few years. This technique gives rise to a robust control with tunable finite-time convergence, providing a fast and accurate response in the presence of parameter uncertainties. In that sense, we present a closed-loop robust controller for a class of nonlinear systems using a terminal sliding-mode controller, with a novel fractional-order sliding surface. The motivation of this work is to consider a time-varying gain for the fractional-order sliding surface that is relatively small at the beginning of the regulation control task to reduce the amplitude of the control input and it increases near the final time to reduce the error in the steady state. Unlike using a constant gain in the conventional terminal sliding surface, the time-varying gain keeps the amplitude of the signal low and enhances the precision simultaneously. An extensive simulation study shows the performance of the proposed design. Finally, the experimental implementation of the fractional-order TSMC in a lightweight (90 g) two-degree-of-freedom manipulator is presented. The implementation used C++ programming language on a Raspberry Pi digital board and a chattering-free modification was presented to address the practical limitation of the actuators.

Preformed Ni(0) complexes are rarely used as precatalysts in cross-coupling reactions, although they can incorporate catalytically active nickel directly into the reaction. In this work, we focus on the preparation...

In her 2016 essay ‘Alessandro Piccolomini’s Mission: Philosophy for Men and Women in Their Mother Tongue’, Letizia Panizza highlighted the attention paid by Piccolomini to women in the dedicatory letters accompanying his vernacular philosophical works. This paper aims to analyse Piccolomini’s actual female readership by focusing on the cases of two sixteenth-century Italian women who, in different contexts and with different aims, not only read Piccolomini’s natural philosophy, but also wrote about it. Sister Fiammetta Frescobaldi (1523–1586), a nun in the Florentine Dominican convent of S. Jacopo di Ripoli, wrote a compendium of Piccolomini’s Sfera del mondo; while Camilla Erculiani (1540s– post1585), apothecary in Padua, referred to Piccolomini’s Seconda parte della philosophia naturale in her Lettere di philosophia naturale (Cracow 1584). I will discuss the relationships of the two authors with Piccolomini’s works; the circumstances and the reasons for their interest in natural philosophy; and the implications of using Piccolomini as a source.

In this chapter we aim to (1) provide a detailed account of the typology, descriptions, and functions of quotations in political discourse; and (2) contrast the results in two different genres (i.e., interviews versus debates) to see whether the type of genre has any effect on the quantity and quality of the quotations used. Specifically, we examine all the direct quotations used by the current President of Spain (Pedro Sánchez) and the leader of the main party in the opposition (Alberto Núñez Feijóo) in two different contexts: on the one hand, in two interviews (14th September 2023 and 16th September 2018), and on the other hand, in a debate (10th July 2023). Regarding the typology, we distinguish four main types of quotations: (1) direct; (2) indirect; (3) verbatim; and (4) canned. As quotes are speech acts, we use Austin’s (How to do things with words, 1962) act classification: locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary. In this study, we focus on aspects related to the illocutionary force and perlocutionary effects of all quotations.

Background Community‐based centers for people living with dementia (PLWD) have been implemented as part of the National Plan of dementia in Chile, delivering a multicomponent and multiprofessional intervention to support the PLWD and their families, integrating social and clinical aspects. We sought to examine the implementation and adaptation of these centers, transitioning from adult day services to a community‐based dementia care model that has escalated to a public policy. Method We conducted a realistic evaluation using multiple qualitative data collection strategies and informants to analyze complex interventions, in 4 of a total of 9 centers. Key informants of the centers’ implementation were identified and participated in individual interviews or focus groups, at different levels (macro‐level of centralized policy, n:4; meso‐level of intervention deliverers and center coordinators, n: 27; and micro‐level of user family caregivers, n:14). Interviews and focus groups were audio‐recorded and transcribed. Rapid qualitative analysis was used with predetermined codes describing implementation according to the Active Implementation Frameworks and Implementation Outcomes. Result At a macro‐level of implementation, the centers have not experienced relevant transformations, and fidelity is tensioned due to lack of updated centralized technical orientations. At a meso‐level, the centers’ intervention has been adapted to improve sustainability and appropriateness, which has enhanced their scalability. Engagement with the local service network and tailoring according to geographic and cultural context, emerged as implementation drivers. Relevant points of agreement and disagreement regarding implementation among actors were identified. Conclusion The implementation of community centers for PLWD in Chile, at a policy macro‐level the program has been continuous and stable. Most relevant implementation drivers and adaptations are identified at a meso‐level, which stresses the need to identify core components and processes for standardization and later evaluation and monitoring. Points of agreement and disagreement among the three levels are key for understanding priorities for improvement and impact.

Background Community‐based centers for people living with dementia (PLWD) have been implemented as part of the National Plan of dementia in Chile, delivering a multicomponent intervention to support PLWD and their families. There is limited knowledge on their implementation, and we had previously informed with respect to the implementation outcomes of the first center, called Kintun. This work offers an update on findings describing implementation outcomes of three more centers, with different implementation times and geographic locations in Chile. Method We conducted a realistic evaluation using multiple qualitative data collection strategies and diverse informants to analyze complex interventions considering 4 centers. For every center, key informants were identified at different levels (macro‐level of centralized policy, meso‐level of center coordinators and health service supervisors, and micro‐level of intervention deliverers and family caregivers) who participated in individual interviews or focus groups. Table 1 summarizes informants, data collection strategies, and implementation outcomes. Rapid qualitative analysis was used with predetermined codes describing implementation outcomes according to the Active Implementation Frameworks (Blanchard et al, 2017) and implementation outcomes by Proctor et al (2011). Result At a macro‐level of implementation, the centers have not experienced relevant transformations, but the lack of updated centralized technical orientations menace fidelity. At a meso and micro level, the centers have been adapted to improve sustainability and appropriateness, supporting their scalability. Differences in core components characterize a transition from adult day services to a multicomponent intervention, following a progressive interprofessional approach. Examples of implementation drivers were engagement with the local health network and and tailoring the intervention according to geographical and cultural context. Relevant implementation aspects of agreement and disagreement among actors were the appropriateness of the program and the program components, respectively. Conclusion Most relevant implementation drivers and adaptations to community centers for PLWD in Chile are identified at micro and meso levels, which stresses the need to define intervention components for standardization and monitoring, providing an implementation frame for new centers. Points of agreement and disagreement among the three levels are key for understanding priorities for improvement

The incorporation of digital technologies in hotels worldwide is moving forward at the same pace as the recovery of the tourism sector itself following the COVID-19 pandemic. Researchers have looked at this topic from the perspective of suppliers and consumers, but little research has been carried out on hotels’ internal digitalisation processes and understanding their technological priorities to become more competitive. Atomization of hotel business structure and its characteristics and composition have traditionally hindered data collection. This research addresses this gap through close collaboration with the regional associative structure. The initial hypothesis is that digitization in Andalusian hotels flows at different speeds. The aim of the present study is to establish both the current state and the speed of digital transformation in hotels. To this end, there is an analysis of the degree of implementation of digital technologies in the hotel sector based on a case study of Andalusia (Spain). A mixed method approach is used, combining two focus groups that together contain 14 stakeholders, with 183 technological implementation surveys sent to hotels. This approach allows differentiation between the values of hotels specifically and those of accommodation as a whole, using two blocks of questions: technological solutions and tools; and infrastructures, integrations and data analysis. The results allow the validation of the initial hypothesis and show digital transition at two different speeds. The solutions and tools implemented, the technological priorities of future implementation and the use of digital enablers each display very disparate realities. Accelerating the rhythm of digitalisation is a great challenge for all hotels, whatever their category. The study contributes an original theoretical-practical model, whose method can be applied to other tourist destinations, regardless of their nationality. It enables comparisons and measurements, addressing both the typology of technological tools and solutions, and digitalisation issues.

The Nasrid emirate of southern Iberia emanated power through architecture; this project aims to better understand how this was made possible, via an interdisciplinary exploration of the Alhambra monument and other Al-Andalus constructions. Initial results of archaeological campaigns, structure chronologies and communication plans undertaken in 2021 and 2022 are presented.

Background Co‐morbid Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology is a major risk factor for cognitive impairment (CI) in PD, but whether and how AD co‐pathology affects the clinical phenotype of PD‐CI is incompletely understood. Recently validated plasma biomarkers for AD pathology, such as ptau217, hold great promise to revolutionize the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we used plasma ptau217 to detect AD co‐pathology in a well‐characterized cohort of PD patients with CI and examine its associations with APOE4 genotype, cognitive profile, and cerebral hypometabolism on FDG‐PET. Method Eighty‐eight PD patients were stratified into PD‐CI (N=50; 24 PD‐MCI, 26 PDD) and PD with normal cognition (PD‐CN; N=38) using neuropsychological testing with the PD‐Cognitive Rating Scale. All patients had a blood draw and an FDG‐PET scan at study inclusion. Plasma ptau217 levels were measured using the ALZpath ptau217 Simoa immunoassay, and patients were classified as ptau217(+) and ptau217(‐) using an established threshold (0.4 pg/mL). APOE4 alleles were genotyped and coded as a binary variable. FDG‐PET data was processed using SPM12 and brain‐wide hypometabolism patterns (vs PD‐CN) were assessed across 52 atlas‐defined brain regions. In addition, we explicitly tested whether PD‐CI‐ptau217(+) had specifically more pronounced hypometabolism in an a‐priori region‐of‐interest (ROI) composed of temporo‐parietal areas typically affected in AD. Result Fourteen PD‐CI (28%) and 5 PD‐CN (13%) were classified as ptau217(+). PD‐CN‐ptau217(+) were excluded from further analyses. Compared to PD‐CI‐ptau217(‐), PD‐CI‐ptau217(+) had a higher prevalence of APOE4 carriers (50% vs 16%, p=0.04) and more impaired memory scores (p=0.03), although global cognition (MoCA) was not significantly different (p=0.10) (Table 1). When compared to PD‐CN, both PD‐CI‐ptau217(‐) and PD‐CI‐ptau217(+) showed significant hypometabolism in posterior‐occipital, temporal, and frontal areas (p<0.05, FDR‐corrected), but hypometabolism in PD‐CI‐ptau217(+) was considerably more extensive, particularly in temporo‐parietal areas (Fig‐1). ROI‐based analysis confirmed significantly more pronounced hypometabolism of AD‐related regions in PD‐CI‐ptau217(+) compared to PD‐CI‐ptau217(‐) (p=0.01), whereas occipital hypometabolism, typical for PD‐CI, did not differ (p=0.83). Conclusion AD co‐pathology results in a more memory‐predominant cognitive profile and AD‐like neurodegeneration phenotype in PD‐CI. Novel plasma biomarkers may significantly facilitate clinical detection of AD co‐pathology, which may have important implications for personalized diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of PD patients.

Current explanations of the business consequences of achieving sustainability goals are incomplete. This paper provides empirical evidence of the effect of environmental and social sustainability on organizational legitimacy. Using structural equation modelling, in a sample of 77 Spanish state and private universities, the results show that achieving environmental and social sustainability goals positively influences organizational legitimacy. Furthermore, there is a positive relationship between environmental sustainability and social sustainability. In the field of legitimacy, this research expands our knowledge on the antecedents of organizational legitimacy. In the field of sustainability, it sheds light on the effects of environmental and social sustainability on organizations. At the same time, we provide empirical support to the link between environmental and social sustainability. For practising professionals, the results justify the relevance of actions supporting environmental and social sustainability.

Stability constants of supramolecular host-guest complexes between water-soluble sodium salts of thiacalix[4]arene sulfonic acid (TCS), thiacalix[4]arene methylphosphonic acid (TCPA), calix[4]arene methylene-bisphosphonic acid (CMBPA) (hosts) and the antiretroviral drugs Tenofovir (TFV) and Emtricitabine (FTC) (guests) were determined by HPLC method in 90/10, (v/v) water/acetonitrile solution (KA values 1.2 × 10³ − 9.3 × 10³ M− 1). DFT calculations show that the conformationally flexible calixarenes adopt the conformation (cone or 1,3-alternate preferably) suitable to form a number of intermolecular hydrogen bonds with the guest molecules. The water-soluble, low cytotoxic, synthetically available anionic calixarenes TCSA, TCPA and CMBPA with practically unlimited possibilities of chemical modification have the prospect of application in formulations of the antiretroviral drugs and the creation of vectors for their delivery systems.

Obesity and iron deficiency (ID) are widespread health issues, with subclinical inflammation in obesity potentially contributing to ID through unclear mechanisms. The aim of the present work was to elucidate how obesity-associated inflammation disturb iron metabolism and to investigate the effect of intravenous (IV) iron supplementation on absolute iron deficient pre-obese (BMI 25.0–29.9 kg/m²) and obese (BMI > 30 kg/m²) individuals compared to healthy weight (HW) group (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m²). Iron-related, hematological and inflammatory biomarkers along with erythropoietin (EPO) were studied based on body mass index (BMI) in a Spanish cohort of non-anemic participants (n = 721; 67% women; median age of 48 years [IQR: 39–57]) and in a subgroup of subjects (n = 110) with absolute ID (ferritin < 50 ng/mL) after completing an IV iron therapy. Obese group exhibited higher levels of ferritin, hemoglobin (Hb), soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) and hepcidin compared to HW group. Elevated BMI was independently associated with increased sTfR levels. While no statistical differences were found in EPO among groups, obese showed increased levels that inversely correlated with Hb only in pre-obese and obese groups. IV iron therapy on obese participants had significant improvements on iron-related parameters and Hb levels. Notable obesity-associated disturbances in iron metabolism are described and indicate a mixed ID among both, women and men. These findings highlight the importance of tailored interventions to correctly address ID in obese population.