University of Rajasthan
Recent publications
Non-invasive diagnostic monitoring techniques have become essential for treating lung cancer (LC), which continues to be the primary cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The new diagnostic biomarkers called tumour-educated platelets (TEPs) show strong prospects for providing vital information about tumor biology, tumor spread pathways, and treatment reaction patterns. Despite lacking a nucleus, platelets exhibit an active RNA profile that develops through interactions with tumor-derived compounds and the tumor microenvironments (TME). This review explains platelet-tumour interaction regulatory mechanisms while focusing on platelet contributions toward cancer development, immune system avoidance, and blood clot formation. The detection and classification of LC show promise through the analysis of RNA molecules extracted from platelets that encompass mRNAs and non-coding RNAs. RNA sequencing technology based on TEP demonstrates excellent diagnostic power by correctly identifying LC patients alongside their oncogenic alterations of EGFR, KRAS, and ALK. Treatment predictions have proven successful using platelet RNA profiles, specifically in immunotherapy and targeted therapy. Integrating next-generation sequencing with machine learning and artificial intelligence enhances TEP-based diagnostic tools, improving detection accuracy. Standardizing platelet extraction methods and vesicle purification from tumor material needs better development for effective and affordable clinical use. Future investigations should combine TEPs with circulating tumor DNA and exosomal RNA markers to enhance both earliest-stage LC diagnosis and patient-specific therapeutic approaches. TEPs introduce a groundbreaking technique in oncology since they can transform non-invasive medical diagnostics and therapeutic monitoring for cancer.
Solar renewable energy has the potential for industrial and commercial heat exchanger applications due to its superior heat transfer, improved absorption, better thermal performance, and eco-friendliness. However, it found that low thermal efficiency, minimized temperature distribution due to climate conditions, uneven temperature transmission, and low heat storage behaviour. This research intense to overcome the dispute and enhance the overall thermal performance and energy storage behaviour of solar thermal heat exchangers featuring flat plate collectors (FPC) through the adaptation of 60:40 ratios of alumina (Al2O3): titanium dioxide (TiO2) hybrid nanofluid and paraffin with salt hydrates phase change material (PCM) (70:30). During the experimentation, 1–3 percentages vary the hybrid nanofluid concentration in volume (vol %), which is operated by 7 L min−1 flow rate. Influences of hybrid nanofluid concentration and PCM on the thermal performance of solar thermal heat exchangers are investigated, and its results are compared with water fluid/PCM configuration. The findings indicated that a hybrid nanofluid concentration of 3 vol% resulted in optimal thermal properties, including high thermal conductivity of 0.76 W m−1 K−1, better heat gain of 303.9 W, extended heat storage behaviour of 442.1 kg−1, reduced heat loss value of 48.7 W, and enhanced thermal/exergy efficiency behaviour of 69.4% and 19.7%. This optimum solar thermal heat exchanger system is proposed for medium-scale industrial heat exchanger applications.
The integration of material science into wireless communication has facilitated the development of textile-based antennas, particularly for wearable 5 G and next-generation communication systems, including military Défense applications. This paper presents a multi-band, natural fabric-based MIMO antenna featuring a Lorentz-shaped fractal structure with elliptical radiating elements. The antenna is fabricated using natural cotton fabric (εr=1.6\varepsilon _r = 1.6) as the substrate, ensuring flexibility, lightweight properties, and suitability for wearable applications. It is created and modelled with the use of CST Microwave Studio Suite, resonating at 5.1, 8.7, 10.3, 10.6, 13.8, 18.3, 20.7, and 22.3 GHz, which makes it perfect for 5 G and advanced wireless networks. The antenna employs microstrip line feeding and maintains robust MIMO functionality, with an envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) of ≤ 0.0027, ensuring minimal signal interference. Additionally, the diversity gain (DG) exceeds 9.99 dB (9.9946 dB), and the antenna achieves strong isolation of ≤ − 37 dB. Unlike conventional rigid antennas, the proposed design does not incorporate a defected ground structure (DGS), yet it ensures stable gain and consistent performance across multiple frequency bands. A comparative analysis with various textile-based antennas highlights its superior compactness, flexibility, and isolation performance. These features establish the antenna as an optimistic candidate for wearable, rapid pace of data, and energy-efficient communication systems for 5 G and beyond.
A novel series of tetraaza nickel (II) macrocyclic complexes was prepared via template condensation involving the ligand 2‐[4‐bromo‐2‐(2‐oxo‐1,2‐diphenyl‐ethylideneamino)‐phenylimino]‐1,2‐diphenyl‐ethanone (ML) and selected diamines, such as 4‐chloro 1,2‐phenylenediamine, 4‐bromo 1,2‐phenylenediamine, 1,2‐diaminotoluene, 4‐nitro 1,2‐phenylenediamine, 1,2‐diaminopropane, and ethylenediamine, in the presence of NiCl2.6H2O. The ligand and its resulting complexes were characterized through elemental analysis, molecular weight determination, and a range of spectral techniques, including IR, electronic spectra, ¹H NMR, mass spectrometry, X‐ray powder diffraction, and DFT‐assisted structural characterization. DFT (TDDFT/B3LYP/6–311g(d) method) analysis of representative Ni(II) complexes supports plausible structures proposed based on spectroscopic studies. These analyses suggest that each complex adopts a six‐coordinated octahedral geometry. Their redox behavior was examined in detail using cyclic voltammetry (CV). Furthermore, the new ligand and its complexes were tested for their antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antituberculosis activities. Antimicrobial tests were conducted against E. coli, B. subtilis, A. niger, and P. chrysogenum for the synthesized compounds. The antioxidant properties of the complexes assessed using the DPPH assay showed that the [Ni(C41H29BrCl2N4)] exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, with an IC50 value of 89.13 mg/mL. Additionally, the ligand and its complexes were tested for antimycobacterial activity, where the [Ni(C40H29BrCl3N4)] complex demonstrated significant effectiveness in inhibiting the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Since its introduction in 2012, ferroptosis has garnered significant attention from researchers over the past decade. Unlike autophagy and apoptosis, ferroptosis is an atypical iron-dependent programmed cell death that falls under necrosis. It is regulated by various cellular metabolic and signaling processes, which encompass amino acid, lipid, iron, and mitochondrial metabolism. The initiation of ferroptosis occurs through iron-dependent phospholipid peroxidation. Notably, ferroptosis exhibits a dual effect and is associated with various diseases. A significant challenge lies in managing autoimmune disorders with unknown origins that stem from the reactivation of the immune system. Two contributing factors to autoimmunity are the aberrant stimulation of cell death and the inadequate clearance of dead cells, which can expose or release intracellular components that activate the immune response. Ferroptosis is distinct from other forms of cell death, such as apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis, due to its unique morphological, biochemical, and genetic characteristics and specific relationship with cellular iron levels. Recent studies indicate that immune cells can both induce and undergo ferroptosis. To better understand how ferroptosis influences immune responses and its imbalance in disease, a molecular understanding of the relationship between ferroptosis and immunity is essential. Consequently, further research is needed to develop immunotherapeutics that target ferroptosis. This review primarily focuses on the role of ferroptosis in immune-related disorders.
Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant concern that often goes overlooked, resulting from various factors such as traffic accidents, violence, military services, and medical conditions. It is a major health issue affecting people of all age groups across the world, causing significant morbidity and mortality. TBI is a highly intricate disease process that causes both structural damage and functional deficits. These effects result from a combination of primary and secondary injury mechanisms. It is responsible for causing a range of negative effects, such as impairments in cognitive function, changes in social and behavioural patterns, difficulties with motor skills, feelings of anxiety, and symptoms of depression. Methods TBI associated various animal models were reviewed in databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Google scholar etc. The current study provides a comprehensive overview of commonly utilized animal models for TBI and examines their potential usefulness in a clinical context. Results Despite the notable advancements in TBI outcomes over the past two decades, there remain challenges in evaluating, treating, and addressing the long‐term effects and prevention of this condition. Utilizing experimental animal models is crucial for gaining insight into the development and progression of TBI, as it allows us to examine the biochemical impacts of TBI on brain mechanisms. Conclusion This exploration can assist scientists in unraveling the intricate mechanisms involved in TBI and ultimately contribute to the advancement of successful treatments and interventions aimed at enhancing outcomes for TBI patients.
New Schiff base ligands, benzyl‐2‐((4‐bromothiophen‐2‐yl)methylene)hydrazine‐1‐carbodithioate (L¹), and 2‐((4‐bromothiophen‐2‐yl)methylene)hydrazine‐1‐carbothioamide (L²) were prepared by condensation of respective 4‐bromothiophene‐2‐carbaldehyde with s‐benzyldithiocarbazate and thiosemicarbazide. Their Co(II), Ni(II) Zn(II), and Cd(II) complexes were synthesized by conventional as well as microwave irradiation methods. Metal salts react with the ligands in 1:2 M ratio to give colored products. The compounds were characterized by elemental analyses, magnetic measurements, and spectroscopic techniques (FT‐IR, UV–Vis, mass, powder XRD,¹H NMR, and ¹³C NMR). Based on the magnetic measurement and spectral data, an octahedral environment for Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes and a tetrahedral structure for Zn(II) and Cd(II) complexes have been proposed. The ligands and their Co(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II) complexes were screened for antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, antimycobacterial, and anticancer activities. The synthesized metal(II) complexes were active toward bacterial (E. coli, B. subtilis) and fungal (A. niger, P. chrysogenum) strains. Antioxidant studies indicate that the Zn(II) and Cd(II) complexes possess maximum radical scavenging activity. The synthesized ligand (L¹) and metal(II) complexes were screened for their antimycobacterial properties against Mycobacterium tuberculosis using the BD BACTEC™ MGIT™ DST method. One of the compounds, Ni(L¹)2·2H2O, rested the growth of Mycobacterial tuberculosis bacteria. The anticancer activity of the compounds against cancer cell lines MCF‐7 and HeLa was performed using the MTT cell viability method. The results showed that M(II) complexes are more sensitive towards the cancer cell line in comparison to the free ligand.
Maternal anaemia is a significant global health issue that adversely affects both maternal and foetal outcomes, particularly, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to consolidate existing evidence on the impact of maternal anaemia on the risk of IUGR. We conducted a comprehensive search across PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and Web of Science until 28 February 2024. Eligible studies included observational designs that reported maternal anaemia and its association with IUGR or small for gestational age (SGA) outcomes. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using a random‐effects model and heterogeneity was assessed with the I² statistic. The R software (version 4.3) was used for statistical analyses. A total of 38 studies involving 3,871,849 anaemic and 27,978,450 non‐anaemic pregnant women were included. The pooled analysis demonstrated that anaemia in pregnancy is associated with a significantly increased risk of IUGR (OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.05–1.62, I² = 97%). Subgroup analyses by anaemia severity showed non‐significant associations for mild (OR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.58–1.23) and moderate anaemia (OR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.48–1.98), while severe anaemia indicated a higher, though non‐significant, risk of IUGR (OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 0.69–2.93). Maternal anaemia is associated with a heightened risk of IUGR, highlighting the critical need for effective management and early intervention strategies within prenatal care settings. Future research should focus on elucidating the effects of different severities of anaemia on birth outcomes, including IUGR and long‐term effects later in life.
Candida albicans, a type of fungi, is quite adaptable and can survive in various parts of the body including bloodstream, skin, mucosal surfaces, and different organs. This pathogen can cause debilitating mucocutaneous disease and life‐threatening systemic infections in humans. In this study, we investigated how effective newly synthesized pyrimidine derivatives are as antifungal agents. Pyrimidines are special compounds made of six‐membered rings containing two nitrogen atoms. We have synthesized different pyrimidine molecules by substituting hydrogen by mono‐ and di‐fluorophenyl. Further all synthesized molecules were tested against the C. albicans. We have shown that pyrimidine derivatives (80, 40, and 20 µg/mL) exhibit inhibitory effect at all growth stages: adhesion, development, and maturation of biofilm formation. Overall, this study presents the design, synthesis, and anticandidal evaluation of a novel class of pyrimidine derivatives. Specifically, we observe that the fluorine‐substituted pyrimidine derivatives exhibit inhibition against C. albicans. These findings contribute to the development of more potent pyrimidine‐based antifungal derivatives.
Several practices including the use of chemical, physical, and antimicrobial agents have been performed in the last century to extend shelf life and development of pathogen resistance in several vegetables and fruits but in recent decades, biotechnological approaches viz-antisense RNA technology, genetic engineering, genome editing are also proved to be useful. Ripening in fruits is delayed by inhibiting ethylene production and regulating ethylene–ethylene receptor binding and signaling pathway. Several other postharvest attributes had been improved by genetic engineering including improvement in taste through producing seedless fruits through down-regulating genes involved in auxin signaling, RNA interference in Aucsia genes expression, and ovule-specific expression of iaaM gene, and the problem of the bitterness of Kinnow mandarin juice was solved by recombinational expression of α-l-rhamnosidase in citrus fruits. All these efforts help fulfill the desires and expectations of consumers and producers.
Plasmodium falciparum detection to ensure complete elimination is an important task that many countries still have to accomplish. The elimination requires constant strategic efforts and mass testing of drugs in the laboratories. Antimalarial investigations in in-vitro conditions rely on enzymatic assays and nucleic acid determination by SYBR™ Green I dye-based fluorescence assay. SYBR™ Green I dye is currently used by many laboratories, but it is expensive. In this study, an effort was made to use a cost-effective Diamond™ nucleic acid dye to determine IC50 values of the antimalarial standard drugs with the comparative analysis with SYBR™ Green I dye. The study suggested that the IC50 values obtained from the two dyes were comparable and concentration-dependent with all the standard antimalarial drugs. Further, the investigation also revealed that the sensitivity of the standard dye concentration is respective to the percentage of parasitemia at different stages of the parasites. The study revealed that diamond nucleic acid dye can be used as an alternate dye for in-vitro investigations of antimalarial drugs for checking malaria parasite growth at a very low cost. The study suggests diamond nucleic acid dye can be used in in-vitro assays to investigate and determine the growth of Plasmodium parasites.
In the Anthropocene epoch, ensuring sustainable drinking water supply is paramount for both ecological resilience and human well-being. This study focuses on a heritage city of Jaipur, situated in the semi-arid western region of India, where groundwater plays a pivotal role in meeting water demands. Utilizing data from the Census of India 2011, Central Ground Water Board, and LANDSAT-ETM, the research highlights the critical importance of sustainable water management amid urbanization and shifting land use patterns. Analysis of observation wells data and Land Use Land Cover change identifies significant vulnerabilities in the central part of Jaipur district, particularly Jaipur city, underscoring challenges in maintaining sustainable water resources. The study further explores the urban–rural continuum through a comprehensive household survey, revealing disparities in drinking water access between urban and rural areas along this spectrum. The findings advocate for decentralized institutional frameworks and community-engaged monitoring to ensure equitable access, economic viability, and environmental sustainability in drinking water supply. By integrating local perspectives and data-driven approaches, this research contributes to understanding the human impacts on water resources in the context of geoheritage conservation and management.
Symmetric and asymmetric dinuclear heteroleptic Aluminum (III) derivatives of the types [where {μ1,2 N, O}, {R = H(C1), CH3(C2), Cl(C3), Br(C4)}] and [where R′ = R = H(C5); R′ = H, R = Cl(C6); R′ = H R = Br(C7); R′ = OCH3, R = H(C8); R′ = OCH3, R = CH3(C9); R′ = OCH3, R = Cl(C10); R′ = OCH3, R = Br(C11)], containing tetra–tetracoordinated (C1–C5, C9–11) and tetra–hexacoordinated (C6, C7) aluminum atoms, respectively, were synthesized and characterized. The two successive substitution reactions of Al (OPrⁱ)3 with diols and substituted oximes were carried out in unimolar ratio in refluxing benzene. Further, these complexes were characterized through IR, ¹H‐NMR, ¹³C‐NMR, and ²⁷Al NMR studies and mass spectrometry. The ²⁷Al NMR spectra of these complexes suggested the presence of tetra–tetra and tetra–hexacoordinated aluminum atoms. Synthesized complexes (C5–C11) and their respective ligands were assessed against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (gram negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (gram positive) for antibacterial activity and Fusarium oxysporum (human pathogen) and Aspergillus niger (plant pathogen) for antifungal activity. The representative compound C6 was tested in vitro against human colorectal carcinoma cell line (HCT116) and human breast cancer cell (MCF‐7) lines to assess cytotoxicity through MTT assay. Moreover, the structure–activity‐relationship among studied compounds has also been designed. Among all the synthesized compounds, C11 compound acquired the highest activity against gram‐positive bacteria and C5 compound acquired the highest activity against plant pathogen for antifungal activity. Computational study was performed for the two compounds C5 and C8 along with their respective ligands LaH, LfH2, LgH2 in gas phase using B3LYP/631G* basis sets.
Photocatalysis has emerged as a significant approach for tackling environmental challenges, particularly in removing dye pollutants from water. However, a major obstacle to enhancing the efficiency of photocatalysts is the fast recombination of charge carriers, which hampers the degradation of pollutants. Here, we present a novel hybrid photocatalyst composed of BaTiO3 nanoparticles and WO3 nanorods, designed to enhance the dye degradation in visible light. Our study shows that the sample with 5.0 wt% BaTiO3 (W/BT5) demonstrates significantly better performance than pure WO3, BaTiO3, and all other composites. W/BT5 enhances the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) by 1.25 times and methylene blue (MB) by 1.38 times compared to WO3 alone. This improvement is attributed to the well-aligned band structures, which promote effective separation and movement of the photogenerated charge carriers. Our findings introduce a new strategy for boosting the activity of photocatalysts through hybrid composites, paving the way for more efficient environmental remediation technologies.
Background: Hematohidrosis is an extremely rare condition characterized by the spontaneous exudation of blood through intact skin, often linked to emotional stress and sympathetic nervous system activation. Due to its rarity, many aspects of its pathophysiology remain poorly understood. This case highlights the importance of considering hematohidrosis in the differential diagnosis of unexplained bleeding and emphasizes the role of psychological assessment in its management. Case Presentation: A 7-year-old girl from a low-income background presented with a two-month history of recurrent blood oozing from the sweat glands at her elbows, knee joints, and forehead. The episodes, lasting 5-10 minutes, were more frequent during periods of emotional distress. Physical examination revealed no signs of trauma, purpura, or underlying skin lesions. Routine laboratory investigations, including hemogram, platelet count, clotting time, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time, were within normal limits. Microscopic analysis of the secreted fluid confirmed the presence of erythrocytes, supporting the diagnosis of hematohidrosis. Given the suspected psychogenic trigger, the patient was referred for psychiatric evaluation and stress management therapy, leading to a gradual reduction in symptom frequency over a four-month follow-up period. Conclusion: This case reinforces the multidisciplinary approach required for diagnosing and managing hematohidrosis, which lacks definitive diagnostic markers. Early psychological intervention is crucial in mitigating symptom severity, as evidenced by this patient’s clinical improvement. Increased awareness of hematohidrosis among clinicians can prevent unnecessary invasive testing, facilitate timely recognition, and optimize patient outcomes.
The only subtype of breast cancer (BC) without specific therapy is triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which represents 15–20% of incidence cases of BC. TNBC encompasses transformed and nonmalignant cells, including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), endothelial vasculature, and tumor-infiltrating cells. These nonmalignant cells, soluble factors (e.g., cytokines), and the extracellular matrix (ECM) form the tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME is made up of these nonmalignant cells, ECM, and soluble components, including cytokines. Direct cell-to-cell contact and soluble substances like cytokines (e.g., chemokines) may facilitate interaction between cancer cells and the surrounding TME. Through growth-promoting cytokines, TME not only enables the development of cancer but also confers therapy resistance. New treatment targets will probably be suggested by comprehending the processes behind tumor development and progression as well as the functions of chemokines in TNBC. In this light, several investigations have shown the pivotal function of the C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12 or SDF-1) axis and chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) in the pathophysiology of TNBC. This review provides an overview of the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis’ function in TNBC development, metastasis, angiogenesis, and treatment resistance. A synopsis of current literature on targeting the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis for treating and managing TNBC has also been provided.
Most of the ruminants are herbivorous animals that use rumen fermentation to break down feed, which includes dairy cows. Plant fiber is a staple diet for ruminants, who do not have the digestive system to break it down. Because of this, ruminants and microbes that can produce enzymes to break plant polymers have a symbiotic relationship. To achieve full digestion, different microflora species such as bacteria, protozoa, fungi, archaea, and bacteriophage are hosted at different concentrations. At a specific stratum, the feed is broken down after ingestion. Cellulolytic bacteria break down the polysaccharide plant fibrils, and other bacteria act on the resulting substrate. This series of degradation processes serves as the foundation for both full digestion and the extraction of energy from the consumed food. The microbiota’s composition adapts easily to the dairy cow’s shifting feeding preferences. The integrity of the local community’s flora determines both digestion and total energy production. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract and several other organs are severely impacted by disturbances in the homogeneity of the gastrointestinal microbiome. Numerous metabolic illnesses are also brought on by this discord in social relationships. Bloating can occasionally result from the dominance of methanogens, and ruminal acidosis is the result of a high-sugar diet. Likewise, reticuloperitonitis, ulcers, diarrhea, etc., are also sparked by a disrupting microflora constitution. This chapter discusses the role of symbiotic microflora in the development of several major metabolic diseases. Future multiomics research will offer a platform to ascertain how we can physiologically and phenotypically enhance dairy cows for better growth and milk production.
A very simple yet efficient approach has been developed for the synthesis of pyrimido[4,5-b]quinoline derivatives. The three-component condensation of dimedone (1 eq.) with aromatic aldehydes (1 eq.), and 6-amino-1,3-dimethyluracil (1 eq.) by a Brønsted acidic ionic liquid catalyst, namely 1,4-Bis(pyridinium bi-sulfonic acid)benzene dimethylsulfonate (BPBSBDM) produced the mentioned derivatives in short reaction times (8–18 min) with high yields (90–98%). The optimal reaction conditions included the use of 6 mol% catalyst in water solvent at a mild temperature of 50 °C. The two functional groups acidic (sulfonic acid) and weak basic (mesylate) give this catalyst a dual acidic-basic nature, which supports its high performance as shown in the proposed mechanism. The BPBSBDM offered significant reusability as a homogeneous catalyst for four cycles with negligible reduction in catalytic activity. The considerable values of turnover number (TON) and turnover frequency (TOF), simple work-up, the introduction of novel derivatives to the literature (1 k to 1n), easy and cost-effective synthesis of catalyst, the green nature of the reaction, and the comprehensiveness of the protocol in facile production of various derivatives are other attractive aspects of our method. Graphical Abstract
This work studied the dielectric characteristics and electronic structure of cobalt nanoferrites with Cu substitutions. Here, CuxCo1–xFe2O4 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0, in step x = 0.2) (CCFO) series was synthesized by utilizing the sol–gel self-combustion process. Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and an impedance analyzer were used to analyze each sample. FTIR Spectroscopy has confirmed the existence of one absorption band due to Fe–O interaction. Further nitrate group, the bending vibrations of H–O–H and carbonyl group were identified at 1380–1418 cm−1, 1533–1581 cm−1, and 2312–2360 cm−1. Several vibrational modes were found in the material, which revealed three different Raman modes: Eg, T2g, and A1g. The elemental chemical states of CCFO nanoparticles were investigated employing XPS and exhibited the Fe, Co, and Cu atoms valence states are Fe3+, Co2+, Cu2+, and Cu+. Adding Cu2+ ions to these ferrites increased the metal oxide bonds and decreased the relative oxygen vacancy. The dielectric behavior of the proposed series is evaluated with frequencies between 100 Hz and 1 MHz, and the findings are then described in terms of the dielectric constant. As the frequency increased, the dielectric constant dropped and at more significant frequencies, it became constant. The results of the dielectric properties revealed that interfacial polarization causes the typical Maxwell–Wagner type dielectric dispersion. The study indicates that these materials may be used to manufacture microwave antennas to decrease energy losses and other purposes. It shows that distinct copper concentrations in cobalt ferrite nanoparticles could successfully alter their electronic and dielectric properties.
Approximately 8–10% of the global population is affected by autoimmune diseases (ADs), which encompass a wide array of idiopathic conditions resulting from dysregulated immune responses. The enzymatic component of the polycomb-repressive complex 2 (PRC2), enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2, also referred to as KMT6), functions as a methyltransferase possessing a SET domain that plays crucial roles in epigenetic regulation, explicitly facilitating the methylation of histone H3 at lysine 27. Notably, EZH2 is catalytically inactive and requires association with EED and SUZ12 to form an active PRC2 complex. Hyperactivation of EZH2 has been implicated in various malignancies, prompting the development of EZH2 inhibitors as therapeutic agents for several cancers, including lymphoma, prostate, breast, and colon cancer. The application of EZH2-targeting therapies has also been explored in the context of autoimmune diseases. While there have been advancements in certain ADs, responses can vary significantly, as evidenced by mixed outcomes in cases such as inflammatory bowel disease. Consequently, the dual role of EZH2 and the therapeutic potential of its inhibitors in the treatment of ADs remain nascent fields of study. This review will elucidate the interplay between EZH2 and autoimmune diseases, highlighting emerging insights and therapeutic avenues.
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931 members
Ashwani Kumar
  • Department of Botany
Kanika Varma
  • Department of Home Science
Premlata Singariya
  • Department of Botany
Paresh Vyas
  • Department of Mathematics
Renu Bist
  • Department of Zoology
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