University of Newcastle Australia

Priming of dwarf pea seeds with microalgal strains significantly enhanced plant growth Rhizosphere health also improved upon priming of seeds with microalgal strains Microalgae boost soil health, C/N content, EPS, IAA, and DHA in soils Plant growth and rhizosphere health improvements due to priming are soil-specific Microalgae play a key role as primary colonizers of soil, enhancing plant growth and improving soil health. Seed priming is a widely used method to improve seedling performance, counteract soil-related stresses, and boost plant productivity. Here we investigated the impact of priming dwarf pea seeds with live cells or disrupted cell mass of two microalgae, Desmodesmus sp. MAS1 and Heterochlorella sp. MAS3, on plant growth response and rhizosphere health. Plant growth metrics, rhizosphere health parameters, and nutrient status indicators were investigated 21 days after sowing in two different soils (designated as A and B) with varying pH. Results revealed that priming significantly improved the biochemistry of rhizosphere in soil B (pH 8), with over 30% increases in leaf count and fresh weight compared to soil A (pH 6). While flowering rates remained low, priming with strain MAS1 significantly enhanced chlorophyll (20%), indole-3-acetic acid (61%), and dehydrogenase activity (50%). Furthermore, strain MAS1 boosted nutrient availability in the rhizosphere, with a 30%–60% increase in carbon and nitrogen levels, promoting exopolysaccharide release. Our findings thus demonstrate the potential of seed priming with microalgae in modulating rhizosphere health, thereby enhancing plant growth and productivity.

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) processes will play a crucial role in future clean energy systems, however severe charge recombination and sluggish charge transfer kinetics have hindered their practical adoption. Exploiting ferroelectric polarization‐controlled charge dynamics promises an additional lever that can potentially enable the performance limits of traditional static photoelectrodes to be surpassed. Here one of the most notable ferroelectric polarization‐induced photocurrent enhancements is reported, using a heterostructure of the multiferroic bismuth ferrite (BFO) and the photoactive bismuth vanadate (BVO) in a neutral pH electrolyte. In contrast to previous works, enhancements for both poling directions are reported, of 136% for down‐poled BFO/BVO and 70% for up‐poled BFO/BVO at 1.23 VRHE in comparison to the unpoled sample, delivering a Faradaic efficiency of >95% for prolonged oxygen evolution reaction. Extensive PEC and surface analyses complemented by density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal the improvements are attributed to the modulation of gradients in the BFO band energies, as well as changes in band‐bending and offsets at the interfaces. Given the scalability of the employed sol–gel synthesis method and the use of environmentally benign materials and PEC conditions, these findings pave the way for multifunctional materials as new‐generation agile and dynamic catalysts and photoelectrode systems.

Objective The objective of this review was to synthesize the available evidence on the experiences of African women who migrated to a developed country and encountered intimate partner violence (IPV). Introduction IPV is a significant public health issue, and migrant women living in developed countries are particularly vulnerable to IPV, experiencing disproportionately higher rates of IPV. Understanding the experiences of these women can inform health policy and decision-making in clinical practice to minimize IPV. Inclusion criteria This review considered studies that included women of African descent, aged 16 years or older, who migrated from any of the 54 countries in the African continent to a developed country and who experienced IPV. Qualitative studies including, but not limited to, grounded theory, ethnography, phenomenology, case studies, and action research designs, were considered for inclusion. Methods A comprehensive database search of CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Embase, MEDLINE (Ovid), PsycINFO (OvidSP), and Scopus was conducted in February 2022 and updated in November 2022 and February 2023. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses were searched for gray literature. Studies in the English language were considered, with no date limitation. Eligible studies were assessed by 2 independent reviewers for methodological quality. The findings were extracted and pooled, categorized by similarity of meaning, and synthesized using the JBI meta-aggregation method. The synthesized findings were graded using the ConQual approach. Results Eleven qualitative studies were included in the review. The narratives of 234 women generated a total of 95 findings and 10 categories based on similarity of meaning, from which 4 synthesized findings were generated: i) The influence of cultural and gender norms, religion, and women’s perceptions of IPV; ii) Control and the cone of silence; iii) Psychological and emotional impact of IPV and ways of coping; and iv) Support for women who are victims of IPV. Conclusion IPV is an ongoing issue for African migrant women in developed countries. The women reported that their partners continued their controlling behavior that was accepted in their country of birth, particularly regarding emotions and finances. The experience of IPV was exacerbated for women who did not have access to extended family members, and they often faced practical barriers in accessing available formal support. The synthesized findings from this review can be used to support the urgent need to address IPV in this migrant population.

Purpose: The study aims to address the gap between leaders' preventative self-regulatory focus and its impact on Chinese primary care physicians (PCPs) well-being, measured by work-family spillover stress and work exhaustion and on healthcare quality, measured by preventive service delivery and clinical guideline adherence. Design/methodology/approach: This paper conducted a cross-sectional in-person survey with 38 leaders and 224 PCPs in 38 primary health centers (PHCs) in Jinan, Tianjin, Shenzhen and Shanghai. Guided by the regulatory focus theory, this paper built hierarchical linear regression models to examine the association between the leadership's regulatory focus and physician burnout, work-family conflict, clinic guideline adherence and preventive service delivery. Findings: This paper added the knowledge of leadership's regulatory focus impact on the well-being and medical service quality of PCPs. Prevention regulatory focus of leaders was significantly associated with work exhaustion and physicians' reported work-family conflict. There is no significant association between leadership's prevention regulatory focus and PCPs' preventive service delivery or clinical guideline adherence. Research limitations/implications: Data on the regulatory focus of PCPs were not collected. Future studies should collect longitudinal data, allowing for exploration of the mechanism. Practical implications: This paper revealed that PHC leaders should restructure their leadership focus away from preventive regulatory behavior, promoting a team atmosphere and enhancing PCP attitudes, behaviors and well-being. Social implications: To improve the well-being of PCPs and the quality of medical services, our results recommend a focus on establishing a positive organizational culture and addressing the emotional and professional needs of PCPs. To achieve these aims, policymakers should implement measures that promote a more comprehensive and balanced regulatory focus within PHC institutions. These measures should aim to create an environment that supports physician well-being and enhances the quality of healthcare services. Providing ample resources and support, promoting a collaborative team atmosphere and encouraging open communication are vital to empowering PCPs. Originality/value: This study examined the preventive regulatory focus of PHC leaders on the well-being and medical service quality of PCPs in China.

Background and objectives: Hyperacute cardiac CT has shown greater yield for intracardiac thrombus identification compared with transthoracic echocardiography. However, routine use comes with higher cost and additional contrast and radiation exposure. Pretest identification of patients with low probability of thrombus would enable rationalization of its use. Arterial input function (AIF) curves are generated automatically as part of brain perfusion CT. Time from scan onset to the end of AIF (AIF dispersal) is correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction. We hypothesized that there would be an association between AIF dispersal and (1) presence of intracardiac thrombus and (2) 3-month outcome after ischemic stroke/TIA. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected patients with a final diagnosis of ischemic stroke or TIA presenting at 3 comprehensive stroke centers between September 2019 and August 2023. Results: A total of 1,136 patients were included, and the median age was 74 years (interquartile range, IQR [62-81]). The median baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 6 (IQR [3-14]). Intracardiac thrombus was present in 59 patients (5.2%) on hyperacute cardiac CT. The median AIF dispersal was 27 (IQR [22-33]) seconds. Longer AIF dispersal duration was associated with presence of intracardiac thrombus, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.09 (95% CI 1.05-1.13). AIF dispersal ≥33 seconds was the optimal cutoff point for presence of intracardiac thrombus with a positive association, with OR 6.66 (3.26-13.59). AIF dispersal as a continuous variable was associated with increased risk of poor outcome (modified Rankin Scale scores 5-6) 3 months after stroke in multivariate analysis (OR 1.03 [95% CI 1.00-1.05]). AIF dispersal ≥33 seconds was also associated with worse outcome after stroke in univariate analysis. Discussion: Prolonged AIF dispersal identifies patients with stroke more likely to have (1) an intracardiac thrombus at the time of presentation and (2) poor outcome 3 months after stroke. These novel findings have significant clinical implications.

Background: Chronic diseases are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Much of this burden can be prevented by adopting healthy behaviours and reducing chronic disease risk factors. Settings-based approaches to address chronic disease risk factors are recommended globally. Sporting organisations are highly prevalent, and engage many people in many countries. As such, they represent an ideal setting for public health interventions to promote health. However, there is currently limited evidence of their impact on healthy behaviour and health outcomes as previous systematic reviews are either limited in their scope (e.g. restricted to professional sporting organisations), or are out of date. Objectives: Primary: to assess the benefits and harms of interventions implemented through sporting organisations to promote healthy behaviours (including physical activity, healthy diet) or reduce health risk behaviours (including alcohol consumption, tobacco use). Secondary: to assess the benefits and harms of these interventions to promote health outcomes (e.g. weight), other health-related behaviours (e.g. help-seeking behaviour) or health-related knowledge; to determine whether benefits and harms differ based on the characteristics of the interventions, including target population and intervention duration; to assess unintended adverse consequences of sporting organisation interventions; and to describe their cost or cost-effectiveness. Search methods: We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, one other database and two clinical trial registries, from inception to May 2024, to identify eligible trials. We searched Google Scholar in May 2024. We did not impose language or publication status restrictions. We also searched reference lists of included trials for other potentially eligible trials. Selection criteria: We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), including cluster-RCTs, of any intervention conducted within or using a sporting organisation for access to a target group, that aimed to improve a health behaviour primary outcome or a secondary review outcome, and had a parallel control group (no intervention, alternative intervention). Eligible participants were any individual exposed to an intervention involving a sporting organisation, including players, members, coaches, and supporters. Data collection and analysis: We used standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. We conducted random-effects meta-analyses to synthesise results where we could pool data from at least two trials. Where we could not conduct meta-analysis, we followed Cochrane guidance for synthesis using other methods and reported results according to the Synthesis Without Meta-analysis (SWiM) guidance. Main results: We included 20 trials (42 trial arms, 8179 participants) conducted in high-income countries, and identified four ongoing trials and four trials awaiting classification. There was considerable heterogeneity in the type of participants, interventions and outcomes assessed across trials. Included trials primarily targeted sporting organisation members (eight trials) or supporters (eight trials), males only (11 trials) and adults (14 trials). Football clubs (e.g. soccer, American football, Australian football league) were the most common intervention setting (15 trials), and interventions targeted various combinations of health behaviours, knowledge and health outcomes. Fourteen trials (10 RCTs and four cluster-RCTs) assessed the impact of a sporting organisation intervention on a primary outcome: physical activity (nine trials); diet (six trials); alcohol consumption (11 trials); and tobacco use (two trials). For RCTs, we assessed the risk of bias for primary outcomes (physical activity, diet, alcohol consumption) and unintended adverse consequences as being at low risk of bias (four outcomes), some concerns (one outcome) or high risk of bias (32 outcomes), due to outcomes being self-reported. For cluster-RCTs, we assessed the risk of bias for all primary outcomes (alcohol consumption, tobacco use) as high risk (eight outcomes), due to outcomes being self-reported. Sporting organisation interventions versus control probably have a small positive effect on the amount of physical activity per day, equivalent to approximately 7.4 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per day (standardised mean difference (SMD) 0.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.22 to 0.49; I2 = 3%; 4 trials, 1213 participants; moderate-certainty evidence) and may not reduce sedentary behaviour (mean difference (MD) -15.18, 95% CI -30.82 to 0.47; I2 = 0%; 2 trials, 1047 participants; low-certainty evidence). Sporting organisation interventions versus control may have a moderate positive effect on fruit and vegetable consumption, equivalent to a score increase of 1.25 points on a 12-point scale for frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption (SMD 0.50, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.65; I2 = 0%; 5 trials, 1402 participants; low-certainty evidence). Sporting organisation interventions versus control may reduce sugary drink consumption (equivalent to a reduction of sugary drink consumption by 0.8 times per day), but the evidence is very uncertain (SMD -0.37, 95% CI -0.64 to -0.10; I2 = 0%; 2 trials, 225 participants; very low-certainty evidence). Sporting organisation interventions versus control may have little to no effect on alcohol consumption (equivalent to a reduction of 0.38 units of alcohol consumed per week), but the evidence is very uncertain (MD -0.38, 95% CI -1.00 to 0.24; I2 = 78%; 7 trials, 2313 participants; very low-certainty evidence). Two trials that could not be synthesised reported equivocal findings on tobacco use (low-certainty evidence). The evidence is very uncertain about the effect of sporting club interventions on unintended adverse consequences. Five trials assessed this outcome, with two reporting that there were no adverse consequences, one reporting only non-serious adverse consequences, and two reporting that there were serious unintended adverse consequences in less than 1% of participants. Authors' conclusions: Overall, sporting organisation interventions probably increase MVPA by 7.4 minutes per day, may result in little to no difference in sedentary behaviour, and may increase fruit and vegetable consumption. The evidence is very uncertain about whether sporting organisation interventions decrease sugary drink and alcohol consumption. Findings for tobacco use and unintended adverse consequences were equivocal in the few trials reporting these; thus, the evidence was very uncertain. These findings should be interpreted in the context of the heterogeneity of the interventions, participants and sporting organisations for some outcomes.

This article considers modular composition as an approach to engendering structural plasticity in musical works. Structural plasticity, in this case, is defined as the ability for the components of a musical work (e.g., events, ideas, sequences, textures, timbres) to vary in how and when they are presented. In this research, modular composition is the process for creating a collection of individual musical ideas (e.g., sequences, patterns, phrases) termed ‘modules’, and designing a dynamic system for their assembly into cohesive structures. This approach results in musical works that exist in a state of constant structural flux, allowing for real-time alteration while progressing beyond similar existing approaches observed in video game music and interactive music apps, from which this research takes inspiration. Approaches involving compositionally focused intelligent music systems are also observed, highlighting how modular composition bridges traditional compositional practices and the design of interactive music systems. Two of the authors’ own works are discussed with regard to how modular composition can be implemented in varying creative ways. The outcome of this work illuminates the creative possibilities of integrating traditional compositional practices with new digital approaches to arrive at a more structurally plastic and alterable form of music.

This study examined whether Australian media professionals agree with guidelines for reporting suicide (Mindframe guidelines) and the factors that may influence their level of agreement. Participants completed an online survey to assess their level of agreement with Mindframe guidelines and to explore factors that might be associated with guideline agreement. These factors included demographic variables, suicide stigma, exposure to suicide, perceived strength of the evidence, personal use of guidelines, organisational compliance with guidelines and prior exposure to Mindframe. In total, 262 Australian media professionals from broadcast, print, digital and other media were recruited. Participants agreed with 15 of the 16 guideline statements, with linear regression showing that prior exposure to Mindframe was a significant predictor of agreement as was the perceived strength of the evidence, personal application of guidelines and stigma. Guidelines for reporting suicide should be enhanced by an active implementation strategy informed by knowledge and views of media professionals.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have shown efficacy in clinical trials for slowing chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression, but real-world data in diverse populations are limited. This retrospective study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of SGLT2i versus renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) blockade in CKD patients. Data from Ramathibodi Hospital (2010–2022) were analyzed, including 6,946 adults with CKD stages 2–4, with and without diabetes, who received SGLT2i (n = 1,405) or RAAS blockade (n = 5,541) for at least three months. Patients were matched 1:4 by CKD stage and treatment initiation date. A weighted Cox proportional hazards model with inverse probability weighting assessed the effect on composite major adverse kidney events (MAKEs), including eGFR decline ≥ 40%, progression to CKD stage 5, dialysis initiation, and cardiovascular or kidney death. SGLT2i therapy was associated with a lower risk of composite MAKEs (HR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.36–0.98; P = 0.041) and less frequent progression to CKD stage 5 (HR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.34–0.80; P < 0.003). Adverse event rates were similar between groups, with lower urinary tract infection incidence in the SGLT2i group. These findings suggest SGLT2i therapy might reduce adverse kidney outcomes in CKD patients, regardless of diabetic status, with a favorable safety profile. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-025-86172-y.

Purpose Oral corticosteroids (OCS) are an effective treatment for severe uncontrolled asthma or asthma exacerbations, but frequent bursts or long-term use carry serious and sometimes irreversible adverse effects, or complications such as adrenal insufficiency upon discontinuation. Our aim was to survey people with asthma on their experiences of, and attitudes towards, using OCS. Patients and Methods This study was a national descriptive cross-sectional survey of people with asthma in Australia. An anonymous survey was hosted online with invitations to participate distributed by national consumer peak bodies. Survey free-text responses were coded to the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to elicit determinants of OCS use. Results 1808 people with asthma participated between 3 and 16 May 2022. Most common reasons for using OCS were severe asthma symptoms (40%), doctor prescription (38%) or asthma action plan recommendations (20%). Approximately 55% of people had experienced adverse effects from OCS use. Commonly reported adverse effects were trouble sleeping (69%), weight gain (56%) and mood problems (41%). Of people who had OCS at home or an OCS script, 44% did not have an action plan that described when and how they should take them. People (33%) did not feel well informed about OCS adverse effects from their healthcare team. People had varied awareness (3–65%) of current available strategies to reduce OCS use. ‘Knowledge’, ‘Environmental context and resources’ and ‘Social influences’ were the most coded TDF domains influencing OCS use. Conclusion Adverse effects of OCS use are common. People with asthma are not adequately informed about optimal OCS use or strategies to reduce overuse. These findings can help guide the implementation of OCS stewardship initiatives.

Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) autoantibody syndrome is an emerging clinical entity that has been associated with disseminated non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection (dNTM) particularly in healthy young people, a population not previously thought to be at particular risk. A 29-year-old South-East Asian man presented with several weeks of fever, cough, lymphadenopathy, and constitutional symptoms while working on an international cargo ship, deteriorating rapidly with a sepsis-like syndrome. Eventually lymph node and sputum cultures revealed a diagnosis of dNTM infection with growth of both Mycobacterium persicum and Mycobacterium abscessus. He was commenced on rituximab as well as combination anti-mycobacterial therapy with good clinical response. This case highlights some of the difficulties faced by patients with dNTM in the context of IFN-γ autoantibodies, particularly delayed diagnosis, and lack of evidence base surrounding optimal management. Further research into long-term outcomes and treatment is required as well as increased awareness among clinicians.

Background Digital mobility outcomes (DMOs) can be captured using body‐worn inertial measurement units (IMUs) in lab‐based and real‐world environments. DMOs may support differential diagnosis of dementia; for example, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Lewy body disease (LBD) show unique signatures of gait impairment. Growing evidence suggests that turning impairments are related to cognitive decline. Turning outcomes can be captured via IMUs and may complement use of existing DMOs. This study aims to assess differences in turning outcomes between AD, LBD and older adult controls, and explore their clinical and cognitive correlations. Method Participants completed six intermittent 10‐metre walks while wearing a IMU (APDM, Opal 128Hz) attached to their lower back. Following each walk, they made a 180degree turn. Two spatiotemporal (turn duration, angular velocity) and two acceleration‐based (combined direction [anterior‐posterior/medio‐lateral/vertical] Root Mean Square (RMS) and Jerk RMS) turning outcomes were extracted using validated algorithms. Analysis of covariance assessed between‐group differences in turning outcomes, controlling for age and sex. Tukey HSD tests for multiple comparisons determined where differences occurred. Correlations (Spearman’s rho) between significant turning outcomes and age, motor disease severity (MDS Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale III), global cognition (standardised Mini Mental State Examination; sMMSE), information processing (Trail Making Task A), and executive function (FAS Verbal Fluency Test) were assessed. Results 98 eligible participants from the GaitDem study were included: 28 controls (Age (mean±SD):74±9 years, sMMSE:29±1), 35 AD (Age:77±6, sMMSE:23±4), and 35 LBD (Age:76±6, sMMSE:24±3). Both dementia disease subtypes demonstrated lower jerk RMS compared to controls (p<.05), while people with LBD also showed lower angular velocity, RMS and Jerk RMS (p<.05; Fig.1). For AD, turning impairments were associated with greater motor disease severity (Fig.2). For LBD, slower angular velocity was associated with greater motor disease severity, slower information processing and worse executive function (Fig.3). Conclusions Results suggest that dementia disease subtypes have significant turning impairments compared to normal ageing, but not compared to each other. However, turning impairments were related to discrete motor‐cognitive profiles in dementia disease subtypes. Further work should explore other turning characteristics (i.e. related to turn phase, signal direction, turn strategy) as differential markers of dementia.

Background Approximately 944,000 people are living with dementia in the UK (∼0.8% of the population). The World Health Organisation consider dementia a public health priority. Efforts to prevent dementia and to decelerate its progression to dependency/disability are vital. Promoting physical activity (e.g. exercise classes) can support dementia prevention and once diagnosed, support independence. Previous research indicates that most exercise classes for older adults in the East Midlands of England are in areas with small percentages of older inhabitants and only 2% are cited as suitable for dementia. As older adults in the North East (NE) of England have worse health outcomes, greater socioeconomic deprivation and lower life expectancy, we aimed to identify the geographical distribution and population characteristics of exercise classes in NE of England. Method For preliminary analysis, one county in NE of England was selected, Tyne and Wear, an area of 538km² with an estimated population of 1,136,371 (19% aged ≥65 years) in 2021. The area is primarily urban (∼98%). Exercise classes were identified via a comprehensive Google search undertaken in December 2023 and geocoded. Data were input into a geographic information system (ArcGIS, Esri). Spatial analysis tools in ArcGIS calculated number and percentage of classes with respect to population age, socio‐economic status and population density. Result 427 exercise classes were identified as suitable for older adults; <1% (n = 2) were advertised as appropriate for people with dementia. 5.4% were situated in areas where the predominant age group are aged ≥65years (Fig. 1), 20.6% in areas with the greatest socio‐economic deprivation (Fig. 2; based on Index of Multiple Deprivation) and 98% in urban areas (Fig. 3). Conclusion Results highlight that there are limited opportunities for people with dementia to participate in exercise classes in Tyne and Wear, England. Additionally, most exercise classes are in urban areas where a low percentage of the population are aged ≥65years, limiting their accessibility to older people. Addressing this issue may contribute to health equity and disability‐free life expectancy in NE, supporting both dementia prevention and dementia post‐diagnostic support. Further work will consider the rest of NE of England (Northumberland, Durham) for a more representative analysis.

Background The variability in the regional distribution of Aβ‐PET signal and its relation to clinical features is debated. We used data‐driven approaches to uncover heterogeneity in cortical Aβ‐PET signal from a large representative sample collected through the IDEAS study. Methods We analysed cross‐sectional Aβ‐PET collected from 10,361 patients with MCI or mild dementia scanned in 295 PET facilities using one of the 3 FDA‐approved tracers. Central image processing resulted in template‐space SUVR images (reference: whole cerebellum) and centiloid (CL) values. Spatial independent component analysis was used to decompose SUVR volumes into 40 independent components. After excluding noise components, participants’ scores were extracted for each of the remaining 11 grey matter (GM) components describing cortical and subcortical binding. K‐means clustering was used on these GM component scores to assign each participant to different Aβ‐PET clusters based on GM binding (Figure 1). Results Three informative clusters of PET binding were estimated. Cluster 1: Aβ‐(n=4729, CL mean=2±23) with low GM binding, and two Aβ+ clusters; Cluster 2(n=2484, CL mean=76±34) and Cluster 3(n=3148, CL mean=86±32). Subtracting average SUVR of Clusters 2 and 3 showed they differed along a posterior‐anterior gradient with Cluster 2 showing an occipital predominant pattern. Principal component analysis conducted on the GM scores confirmed two dominant axes of variation separated the clusters, a Aβ‐ to Aβ+ axis and, an anterior‐posterior axis (Figure 2). Statistically significant but weak differences were observed between the two Aβ+ Clusters (2 vs. 3); Visual Read (positive: 95% vs. 92%); Clinical Stage (dementia: 47% vs. 41%); Age (76.9±6.4 vs. 75.9±6.2), however, most clinical variables showed no differences (Figure 3a). 48 ADNI participants with Aβ‐PET and post‐mortem neuropathology data (11 Female, Age mean=79.7±7.4, PET‐Death mean=2.3±1.7years; Aβ‐CL mean=71.2±55.5; APOE4(0/1/2)=22/21/5; Diagnosis(CN/MCI/AD)=6/8/32) were applied to the model fit on IDEAS data. Qualitatively, no differences in neuropathology were observed between the two Aβ+ Clusters (Figure 3b). Conclusion Data driven classification of Aβ‐PET reveals two primary axes reflecting Aβ load and anterior‐posterior binding, with the later not clearly related to clinical or pathological variation. Future work will apply new data to this model and investigate if this spatial variation in Aβ‐PET is related to longitudinal changes in pathology.

Background Digital mobility outcomes (DMOs) can be captured using body‐worn inertial measurement units (IMUs) in lab‐based and real‐world environments. DMOs may support differential diagnosis of dementia; for example, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Lewy body disease (LBD) show unique signatures of gait impairment. Growing evidence suggests that turning impairments are related to cognitive decline. Turning outcomes can be captured via IMUs and may complement use of existing DMOs. This study aims to assess differences in turning outcomes between AD, LBD and older adult controls, and explore their clinical and cognitive correlations. Method Participants completed six intermittent 10‐metre walks while wearing a IMU (APDM, Opal 128Hz) attached to their lower back. Following each walk, they made a 180degree turn. Two spatiotemporal (turn duration, angular velocity) and two acceleration‐based (combined direction [anterior‐posterior/medio‐lateral/vertical] Root Mean Square (RMS) and Jerk RMS) turning outcomes were extracted using validated algorithms. Analysis of covariance assessed between‐group differences in turning outcomes, controlling for age and sex. Tukey HSD tests for multiple comparisons determined where differences occurred. Correlations (Spearman’s rho) between significant turning outcomes and age, motor disease severity (MDS Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale III), global cognition (standardised Mini Mental State Examination; sMMSE), information processing (Trail Making Task A), and executive function (FAS Verbal Fluency Test) were assessed. Results 98 eligible participants from the GaitDem study were included: 28 controls (Age (mean±SD):74±9 years, sMMSE:29±1), 35 AD (Age:77±6, sMMSE:23±4), and 35 LBD (Age:76±6, sMMSE:24±3). Both dementia disease subtypes demonstrated lower jerk RMS compared to controls (p<.05), while people with LBD also showed lower angular velocity, RMS and Jerk RMS (p<.05; Figure 1). For AD, turning impairments were associated with greater motor disease severity (Figure 2). For LBD, slower angular velocity was associated with greater motor disease severity, slower information processing and worse executive function (Figure 3). Conclusions Results suggest that dementia disease subtypes have significant turning impairments compared to normal ageing, but not compared to each other. However, turning impairments were related to discrete motor‐cognitive profiles in dementia disease subtypes. Further work should explore other turning characteristics (i.e. related to turn phase, signal direction, turn strategy) as differential markers of dementia.