University of Eloued
  • El Oued, Algeria
Recent publications
Soil salinity has a negative impact on the microbial populations and their activities in hot arid lands. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the microbial abundance and activity in non-saline (NS) and saline (SS) soils, focusing on the impact of salinity on the mineralization of soil endogenous carbon and nitrogen in the region of Ouargla (southern Algeria). The mineralization of organic C and N was estimated by respirometric test (CO2 release) and the extraction of two forms of mineral nitrogen (NH4+–N and NO3––N), respectively. The experiment was conducted on incubations of soil samples under controlled parameters (28 ± 1 °C and 80% of water holding capacity). Numeration of microbial densities was performed either on solid medium of extract agar soil, oxytetracycline agar (OGA) and Katinsky medium, respectively for bacterial microflora, fungal microflora and actinomycetes (Mycelial bacteria) or in liquid medium for certain functional groups involved in mineralization of carbon and nitrogen. After 56 days of incubation, both soils showed a low potential for mineralization of carbon and nitrogen. The cumulative amounts of CO2–C released are 62.53 and 50.03mg 100 g–1of dry soil, respectively for the non-saline and saline soils. Regarding nitrogen mineralization, the cumulative quantities of ammoniacal NH4+–N and nitric NO3––N, nitrogen released were 0.53 and 0.49 mg 100 g–1 of dry soil and 1.19 and 0.91 mg 100 g–1 of dry soil, for the non-saline and saline soils, respectively for the two forms of mineral nitrogen. The reduction rates of the two forms of mineral nitrogen are 7.54 and 23.50%, for NH4+–N and NO3––N, respectively. The microbial groups studied revealed a predominance of fungal microflora in saline soil. In contrast, a high sensitivity of nitrifying germs to salinity was reported. Findings indicate that despite the lower microbial abundance and activity recorded for both soils, they respond to salinity differentially depending on the type of microbial species present in the soil as well as the nature of the microbial activity itself. On the one hand, the microbial diversity recorded in both soils demonstrates an appreciable potential for adaptation of microorganisms to the hard ecological conditions characterizing arid regions, in particularly the high salinity of the soil.
Digital watermarking is an essential technology in multimedia and information processing, addressing the ever-mounting concerns related to data integrity and protecting intellectual property rights. In content authentication, copyright protection, and data integrity, digital watermarking plays a critical role. Nonetheless, the current application of digital watermarking faces crucial challenges, most notably adversarial attacks such as compression and noise interference, which pose substantial threats to the integrity of embedded watermarks. In this article, we introduce a semi-blind watermarking scheme that fuses the capabilities of the ACM and DWT techniques to facilitate the efficient embedding and extraction of watermarks in digital images. This approach achieves a trade-off between robustness and imperceptibility, thereby ensuring that the embedded watermark remains resilient against commonplace attacks, all while preserving the visual quality of the image. Experimental results prove the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in terms of watermark invisibility and its robustness against common attacks, including compression, noise addition, and filtering. Our watermarking technique maintains imperceptibility, achieving an average PSNR of 53.95 dB and an SSIM of 0.99996. In computation complexity and resource allocation terms, the experiments prove that our proposed watermarking demands fewer computational resources, with embedding and extraction times clocking in at an astonishingly swift 0.01218 s and 0.006875 s, respectively.
This chapter explores the impact of green chemistry on material design and synthesis, emphasizing sustainable approaches to nanoscale material fabrication. Nanotechnology, which involves manipulating matter at scales from one to 100 nanometers, presents unique challenges in synthesis that necessitate a deep understanding of fundamental principles to ensure efficient and environmentally responsible practices. The chapter discusses the design and synthesis of nanomaterials and highlights their applications across various fields, detailing essential pre- and post-synthesis treatments, such as annealing and drying, that optimize material properties. Furthermore, it reviews characterization techniques crucial for assessing synthesis success and functional performance, offering insights into green strategies for enhancing material effectiveness.
This paper introduces the Efficient Metaheuristic BitTorrent (EM-BT) algorithm, aimed at optimizing the placement and sizing of photovoltaic renewable energy sources (PVRES) and capacitor banks (CBs) in electric distribution networks. The main goal is to minimize energy losses and enhance voltage stability over 24 h, taking into account varying load profiles, solar irradiance, and temperature effects. The algorithm is rigorously tested on standard distribution networks, including the IEEE 33, IEEE 69, and ZB-ALG-Hassi Sida 157-bus systems. The results reveal that EM-BT outperforms established methods like Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), and Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), demonstrating its effectiveness in reducing energy losses and maintaining stable voltage profiles. By effectively combining PVRES and CBs, this research highlights a robust approach to enhancing both technical performance and operational reliability in distribution systems. Additionally, the consideration of temperature effects on PVRES efficiency adds depth to the study, making it a valuable contribution to the field of power system optimization.
The pursuit of environmentally sustainable and potent antimicrobial agents has spurred the investigation of innovative nanocomposite materials, leading to the development of cefazolin‐loaded magnesium oxide/polyethylene glycol (CFZ@MgO/PEG NC) nanocomposites. This research encompasses the biosynthesis using Laurus nobilis L. extract, resulting in nanocomposites with a size distribution of approximately 35 nm. XRD analysis revealed an average crystallite size of 37 ± 0.9 nm for CFZ@MgO/PEG NC. The antibacterial efficacy demonstrated dose‐dependent inhibition zones, with CFZ@MgO/PEG NC achieving zones of inhibition of 19 mm, 14.5 mm, and 14 mm against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively, at 5 mM concentration. In vivo toxicity studies in albino rats indicated dose‐dependent changes in biochemical parameters, such as an increase in urea levels to 0.75 ± 0.12 mmol/L and creatinine levels to 5.55 ± 0.3 µmol/L at 400 µg/mL dosage. The MgO/PEG NC exhibited notable anticoagulant properties, comparable to EDTA, emphasizing its potential for blood coagulation management. These findings highlight CFZ@MgO/PEG NC as a promising antimicrobial and anticoagulant agent, with potential therapeutic applications requiring careful dosage optimization to mitigate toxicity.
This study presents the synthesis and characterization of a novel series of ferrocenylmethylnucleobase compounds, namely, FcMeAd, FcMeCy, FcMeTh, and (FcMe)₂Ad with promising antioxidant and antidiabetic properties. Spectroscopic techniques confirmed their sandwich‐like geometry, with the nucleobase moiety coordinated to the ferrocene unit. Density functional theory (DFT) optimization revealed alignment with existing crystallographic data and indicated low frontier molecular orbital (FMO) energy gaps, suggesting facile intramolecular charge transfer and potential biological activity. The antidiabetic activity was evaluated in vitro through inhibition assays targeting α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase enzymes, which was supported by in silico molecular docking studies. Among the compounds, FcMeTh exhibited the highest antidiabetic and antioxidant properties due to the presence of carbonyl and amide functionalities, along with an electron‐donating methyl group. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations confirmed high binding affinity and structural stability of the docked compounds, with strong interactions with the target enzymes, further validating the potential of these compounds as effective inhibitors. Pharmacokinetic and ADMET evaluations indicated their nontoxic, noncarcinogenic nature and suitability for oral administration. The combined in vitro and in silico findings, including the critical insights from MD simulations, suggest that these ferrocenylmethylnucleobase compounds, especially FcMeTh, possess enhanced antioxidant and antidiabetic properties. This highlights their potential as promising therapeutic agents for managing oxidative stress and Type 2 diabetes.
Objective Hammada Scoparia (Pomel) as an endemic plant from the Amaranthaceae family, holds a significant position in the Saharan region of southern Algeria's traditional medicine. The aerial parts of Hammada scoparia was used to cure inflammation and wound healing management. The aim of this study was to determine the phytochemical constituents of the aqueous extract obtained from the aerial parts of Hammada scoparia (AEHs)and assess its effectiveness in wound healing. Methods Formulation of Wound healing cream were prepared from Hammada scoparia aerial parts aqueous extract then the wounds were applied on the skin of the dorsal region of each Wistar albino for 13 days. Hematological, inflammation and histological parameters were evaluated. Different bioactive compounds were identified within AEHs using HPLC analysis. Results High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis identified 21 phenolic compounds, with rutin being the most abundant, followed by naringenin, gallic Acid, valinin, and hydroxy-comarin. The formulated AEHs cream exhibited superior wound healing properties, with a 96.54% healing rate by day 13, outperforming the DOUCE PLUS cream and control groups. Physical analyses indicated the cream's white color, neutral odor, humid texture, pH of 6.8, and excellent stability. Hematological parameters revealed the AEHs cream influenced red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelet (PLT) levels positively. Inflammation markers, including C-reactive protein (CRP) and sedimentation rate (ESR), were also favorably modulated by the treatment. Histological studies indicated that H. scoparia cream promoted re-epithelialization, fibroblast activity, collagen deposition, and angiogenesis, thus facilitating an effective healing process. Conclusion The study concludes that Hammada scoparia possess significant wound healing properties, corroborating their traditional medicinal use.
The deformed Schrödinger oscillator in a uniform magnetic field is explicitly calculated in this study using the non-commutative and Anti-de Sitter spaces. The energy eigenvalues are given in their exact forms, and the corresponding radial wave functions are expressed with associated Jacobi polynomials. We determine the critical magnetic field value, which cancels out the normal Zeeman effect. We have also looked into how our system’s thermodynamic properties are affected by the spatial deformation parameters, we remark that the graphs of these quantities show that all thermodynamic quantities, with the exception of the Helmholtz free energy, have an inverse proportion with the deformation parameters θ\theta and λ\lambda . The AdS effect dominates over the NC effect due to its stronger impact on spatial geometry and symmetry.
The study explored the efficacy of Salvia chudaei ethanolic extract in managing hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and oxidative stress induced by Triton X‐100 in Wistar rats. Twenty‐four rats were divided into four groups: Control, Salvia chudaei‐treated, Triton‐induced hyperlipidemic, and a combination of Triton + Salvia chudaei treatment. Triton X‐100 raised serum levels of total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and LDL while lowering HDL cholesterol, leading to oxidative stress marked by increased MDA and reduced antioxidant activity in liver and kidney tissues. Administration of Salvia chudaei extract effectively reversed these adverse effects, significantly lowering cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and LDL levels, and improving HDL cholesterol. It also enhanced antioxidant defenses and reduced oxidative stress markers, demonstrating its protective role against metabolic dysfunction. HPLC analysis confirmed the presence of bioactive compounds in the extract that contribute to these benefits. The findings suggest that Salvia chudaei ethanolic extract possesses strong antihyperlipidemic, antihyperglycemic, and antioxidant properties, making it a promising natural agent for preventing and treating hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress. This positions Salvia chudaei as a potential new therapeutic approach in the management of metabolic disorders.
The current study was conducted to explore the phytochemical composition and in vitro antioxidant activities of Moringa oleifera (MO) leaf aqueous extract, as well as its in vivo modulatory effects on abamectin (ABM) induced oxidative stress in rat erythrocytes and brain. Animals were randomly divided into four groups. The first group served as a control and received distilled water by gavage. The second group (ABM) received abamectin (1 mg/kg b.w. in drinking water). The third group (MO) received M. oleifera leaf aqueous extract (200 mg/kg b.w. by gavage). The fourth group (ABM‐MO) received a combination of ABM and MO. ABM inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity, decreased the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Supplementation with MO in ABM‐treated rats significantly ameliorated the biochemical parameters cited above. The computational modeling revealed that M. oleifera identified compounds bound human peroxiredoxin 5, catalase and glutathione peroxidase with acceptable affinities, which together with the established molecular interactions and tight embedding satisfactory support the in vivo results. Thus, it may be concluded that ABM impairs brain and erythrocyte function through oxidative damage, and these effects could be prevented by Moringa oleifera leaf aqueous extract, likely due to its antioxidant activity.
This article presents an effective, economical, and health‐safe experimental work to improve the solar distiller's performance using cement conical fins. To demonstrate the effectiveness of conical cement fins, two distillers were designed and built, in the first distiller; a basin was made from cement (SSSD‐CB). In the second distiller, the uniformly distributed cement conical fins are installed in the basin (SSSD‐CB&CCF). The results presented that the cumulative water produced from SSSD‐CB and SSSD‐CB&CCF reached 3460 and 4750 mL/m² day, respectively. These results indicated that the conical cement fins represent a good design that improves the yield by 37.28%. Also, the average improvement in the exergy and energy efficiencies for SSSD‐CB&CCF reached 71.24% and 37.3%. The economic analysis showed that using conical cement fins reduced distilled costs by 25.38%.
The okra plant is an important source of food and has medicinal value. However, its chemical composition has yet to be sufficiently explored so far. The present study aimed to evaluate certain morphological traits, as well as the fibre and mineral composition of the stem, fruit, pericarp of the mature dry fruit, and seed of two commonly cultivated okra accessions in Algeria (long green (LG) and short red (SR)). Phenological parameters, including emergence date, fruiting, and end of the cycle, were studied along with 14 quantitative morphological parameters. Our results showed significant differences between the two okra genotypes studied (short red (SR) and long green (LG)), particularly regarding the measured fruit parameters. The LG genotype produced larger fruits with a higher weight of mature dry fruit, greater length, and a higher number of seeds compared to the SR genotype. Sixteen elements, including macro- and micro-elements such as Zn, Pb, Co, Cd, Ni, Fe, Mn, Cr, Mg, Ca, Cu, Ag, Sr, Na, Li, and K, were detected using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). It was revealed that the pericarp of the mature dry fruit of the long green genotype contained higher levels of potassium, calcium, and magnesium than the short red genotype. Fibre analysis (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) using the Fibertec system showed that the stem of the LG genotype had a higher cellulose content but a lower lignin content than the SR genotype in the stem. This study provides valuable insights into the agromorphological and biochemical characterization of our local okra genotypes commonly cultivated in Algeria.
Adsorption cooling system (ACS) is one of the promising alternatives to the conventional vapor compression refrigeration system (VCRS) due to its advantage of driven by low grade thermal energy instead of electric power. However due to its lower efficiency, a significant research works is in progress worldwide. In view of this, the presented paper proposes a methodology to predict the required optimum heat source temperature of two different ACSs based on novel environment friendly pairs of activated carbon-methanol and silica gel-water for the ice-making and water chiller applications, respectively and their performance analysis. Performance parameters, cooling capacity, thermal efficiency, and coefficient of performance (COP) have been used to derive the limits of source temperature and applied to two different ACS. Further feasibility study has been carried out integrating economic and environmental perceptions for the El Oued city, Algeria. The performance analysis of CarboTech A35/1/CH 3 OH showed the maximum ice production of 16.17 kg/day for the generator temperatures of 358-378 K with a COP of 0.65. The analysis of S40/H 2 O application showed the maximum chilled water of 7.88 kg/day for the generator temperatures of 348-37 K having COP of 0.74. The economic analysis suggests that hot water generation with solar energy is a better option as compared to geothermal resource.
The neonicotinoid group of insecticides, known for their broad-spectrum effectiveness, are extensively utilized globally due to their well-established benefits in terms of their mode of action. Consequently, their utilization is expanding extensively and, furthermore, is frequently employed as a preventive measure without taking into account the ecological consequences. Research has shown that non-target creatures are adversely affected, leading to a negative impact on biodiversity and, consequently, food production. Neonicotinoids are effective in controlling pests, but concerns have arisen about their potential impact on the environment, especially on bee populations and other pollinators such as birds and bats, which play a crucial role in plant pollination. Some of these effects include impairments in bee navigation abilities, reduced foraging capabilities, and decreased bee colony productivity. The policy of sustainable use of neonicotinoids, a group of insecticides widely employed in agriculture, is currently the subject of intense debate and scientific research. Scientific research should be the primary focus for seeking ecologically viable answers to these problems. In light of these issues, numerous nations have implemented regulations or prohibitions on the utilization of neonicotinoids, especially in crops that attract bees and other pollinating insects. However, the policy regarding the use of neonicotinoids must take into account both the protection of pollinators and the needs of farmers who may require effective methods to protect plants from pests. There is a concern over whether the global research activities fulfill these requirements worldwide. Hence, the objective of this chapter was to examine the worldwide research scenario on neonicotinoids from ecological, economic, and temporal perspectives. In order to achieve this objective, the main participants and motivations for inquiries in this particular area of research are recognized. The progressive rise in publications over time is substantial and demonstrates a dynamic pattern of citation. There is a noticeable and increasing interest in contemporary research, particularly in ecological challenges, which are becoming the main focus of international study. Evidence demonstrates that the publication performance and funding of nations align with the interests of the global market, with China emerging as the leading country in terms of publishing. Furthermore, the high level of scientific infrastructure in economically advanced countries and their commitment to funding research can be associated with the national output of research. Less developed economies have limited participation in published studies. The research performance exhibits a significant disparity between the North and South regions. Hence, forthcoming research endeavors should prioritize sustainability and consider global regional needs. Developing countries must play a more significant role in addressing this issue, as they are the regions that are most economically reliant and experiencing significant increases in consumption. Efforts must be made to address the issue of sustainable food production in the face of decreased biodiversity caused by the widespread use of neonicotinoids. Additionally, it is vital to conduct additional investigation on the impact of neonicotinoids on the environment and to search for alternative plant protection methods that will be less harmful to pollinators and other organisms.
This chapter presents an analysis of the impact of neonicotinoids on the bee population. Neonicotinoids are widely used pesticides that are toxic to bees and thus pose a threat to pollinators and bee-dependent ecosystems. The importance and use of neonicotinoids were discussed and the importance of studying their impact on bees was explained. Then, the characteristics of pesticides of this group and their various applications in agriculture and other sectors of the economy are presented. The results of scientific research confirming the toxicity of neonicotinoids to bees were presented. The methods by which these chemicals affect bee organisms and influence their behaviour, health and functioning of bees working in colonies are discussed. The adverse effects of neonicotinoids have been identified at the scale of individual beekeepers and their honeybee colonies. The consequences of neonicotinoid use on bee population dynamics and the role of these pesticides in bee decline and colony breakdown were analysed. The effect of neonicotinoids on biological diversity and ecosystems is an additional factor to consider. The effects of the application of this group of pesticides on other pollinating insects and harmless organisms, as well as the impact on bee-dependent ecosystems, are discussed. The chapter also contains an analysis of the existing legal regulations regarding the use of neonicotinoids and the related controversies. Actions taken to protect bees and alternative approaches to the protection of plants and pollinators were indicated. A summary and conclusions close the chapter, presenting the key results and findings. They point to the need for further research and action to protect bees from the effects of neonicotinoids, which are important for maintaining healthy ecosystems and ensuring the necessary role of pollinators in maintaining biodiversity.
The existence of fins on a basin's flat absorber undoubtedly enhances the thermal efficiency and distillate output by increasing the exposed surface area of water to sunlight. However, the issue of shading caused by the fins hampers the productivity of distillers. Researchers are currently seeking a resolution to this problem. The current study conducted a performance comparison of hemispherical solar distillers using copper conical fins with a diameter of 4 cm and a height of 2 cm. The distillers were also equipped with copper conical fins‐filled red bricks, which were painted black. These fins were placed on the bottom of the basin at various spacing intervals (0, 1, and 2 cm) and a water depth of 2 cm. The experimental data showed that the productivity values of the hemispherical solar distiller using copper conical fins (HSD‐CCF) were 6.00, 5.40, and 5.00 L/m², while the productivity values of the hemispherical solar distiller using copper conical fins‐filled with red bricks (HSD‐CCF & RB) were 7.00, 6.30, and 5.80 L/m² at spacing distances of 0, 1, and 2 cm, respectively. The conventional hemispherical solar distiller without fins (CHSD) achieved a peak efficiency of 4.50 L/m². The HSD‐CCF achieves cumulative yields of 33.33%, 20.00%, and 11.11% when utilizing copper conical fins at spacing distances of 0, 1, and 2 cm, respectively, compared to the THSD. The efficiency of the hemispherical sun distiller using copper conical fins‐filled with red bricks (HSD‐CCF & RB) is enhanced by 55.55%, 40.00%, and 28.89% when compared to the conventional hemispherical solar distiller (THSD), at spacing distances of 0, 1, and 2 cm, respectively. The study discovered that including copper conical fins packed with red bricks improves the efficiency of solar distillers. Furthermore, the study revealed that increasing the spacing between the fins further reduces shading, hence enhancing performance.
Nanoparticle coatings present a highly effective method for significantly enhancing the performance of solar distillers by improving heat transfer, evaporation, and condensation processes. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the current research on nanoparticle-coated solar stills, highlighting how nanoparticles improve thermal conductivity, absorb solar energy more efficiently, and promote dropwise condensation to increase freshwater productivity. Various nanoparticles, including metal oxides and carbon-based materials, have been studied for their ability to optimize solar still performance. However, challenges such as nanoparticle stability, cost, and environmental impact remain. This paper consolidates research efforts, analyses key findings, and outlines future directions for advancing the application of nanoparticle coatings in sustainable water purification technologies.
Background Brucellosis is a zoonotic infection that presents a major challenge to public health worldwide. Aim This research compares demographic characteristics, clinical features, and outcomes across different age groups in patients with human brucellosis. Material and methods Between 2003 and 2022 a total of 508 patients with brucellosis were subjected to diagnostics and treatment at the Clinic for Infectious Diseases in Skopje. The patients were classified into three age groups: children (up to 14 years old), adults (from 14–64 years) and older adults (older than 64 years). The demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes between patients from the different age groups were retrospectively evaluated. Results A family history of brucellosis (p < 0.001), fever (p = 0.013), and hepatosplenomegaly (p < 0.001) were significantly more prevalent in children compared to other age groups. Direct contact with animals (p < 0.001), arthralgia (p = 0.007), and weight loss (p = 0.004) were significantly less frequent in children, whereas the duration of illness before brucellosis diagnosis was significantly shorter in children (p < 0.001) compared to other age groups. Sacroiliitis was more predominant in adults than children (p = 0.043), while focal hematological involvement was more prevalent in children than in adults (p = 0.004). Spondylitis was more dominant in the old age group compared to the other two age groups (p < 0.001). Favorable outcomes were achieved in 88.5% of children, 89.9% of adults, and 87.1% of older patients with specific treatment. Conclusion Brucellosis presents highly variable clinical and epidemiological features across all age groups; however, certain characteristics may be associated with age.
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1,670 members
Abdelkrim Rebiai
  • Department of Chemistry
Djilani ben attous
  • Electrical Engineering
Zoheir Tir
  • Electrical Engineering
Ahmed Elkhalifa Chemsa
  • Department of Biology
Abdelkader Laouid
  • Computer Science
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El Oued, Algeria
Head of institution
Prof. Omar FERHAT