Recent publications
In this work we propose semi-analytical models for computing alternating current (AC) power loss of stacks of N high-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7-x (or Y-Ba-Cu-O) tapes with non-standard arrangements of tapes. Each stack is subjected to time-dependent magnetic fields perpendicular to the wide surface of the tapes with zero transport current. The models take into account screening of the interior superconducting layers in the stack from the external magnetic field. These models are validated by our experimental studies. As is also shown, the AC loss dependence on the arrangement of tapes in the stack can be quite strong, varying by factors up to ∼ 180 for temperatures 20–65 K, magnetic fields 2–5 T and frequencies up to 2 kHz.
Vegetation greening on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) has profoundly changed the connection between terrestrial ecosystems and regional carbon, water, and energy cycling, but existing research on vegetation greenness can only be traced back to the 1980s, because of the scarcity of long-term remote sensing data. Here we present an ice-core record of pollen accumulation rates with a 3-year resolution during 1935–2012 AD for the western TP. Based on backward trajectory and wind data, we identified the pollen source region and transport mechanisms. We found that the 3-year total pollen accumulation rate (TPAR3a) is a good indicator of vegetation coverage of the source region, and our data showed that the greening of the western TP and surroundings began as early as 1935 AD, mostly due to regional warming and moistening. The greening trend became more significant after the 1970s, which is mostly related to the significant increase in temperature.
Teacher attrition remains a significant challenge in high-poverty urban schools, contributing to educational inequities and disrupting student learning. This study explores how teacher empowerment, encompassing systemic flexibility, supportive leadership, autonomy, and peer collaboration, influences teacher retention in these settings. Utilizing a qualitative case study design, semi-structured interviews were conducted with teachers from two high-poverty urban schools to examine their experiences with empowerment and its role in their decision to remain in their positions. Findings suggest that empowerment fosters a sense of value, agency, and professional growth, all of which enhance teacher retention. The study underscores the importance of creating empowering school cultures through flexible systems, authentic leadership, and collaborative environments. By addressing these factors, high-poverty urban schools can reduce teacher attrition, improve student outcomes, and promote educational equity. These findings offer actionable strategies for educators and policymakers to build resilient, sustainable educational systems in urban contexts.
On 3 October 2023, a multihazard cascade in the Sikkim Himalaya, India, was triggered by 14.7 million m ³ of frozen lateral moraine collapsing into South Lhonak Lake, generating an ~20 m tsunami-like impact wave, breaching the moraine, and draining ~50 million m ³ of water. The ensuing Glacial Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF) eroded ~270 million m ³ of sediment, which overwhelmed infrastructure, including hydropower installations along the Teesta River. The physical scale and human and economic impact of this event prompts urgent reflection on the role of climate change and human activities in exacerbating such disasters. Insights into multihazard evolution are pivotal for informing policy development, enhancing Early Warning Systems (EWS), and spurring paradigm shifts in GLOF risk management strategies in the Himalaya and other mountain environments.
This paper theorizes how the parent-child relationship influences a child’s intentions for internal succession versus external entrepreneurship. Drawing on insights from family science literature, we examine the emotional and cognitive dimensions of this relationship and their impact on a child’s intentions. We propose that the impact of the parent-child relationship on a child’s intention will vary based on the child’s gender and self-competence. We further delineate that the effects of the child’s gender and self-competence will be moderated by different cultural contexts, including “son preference” and coparcenary cultures. By doing so, this study enhances our understanding of the critical roles that parents and cultural contexts play in shaping children’s attitudes toward internal succession and external entrepreneurship, while also highlighting the unique ways through which familial relationships influence a child’s choice in sustaining family firms and preserving an entrepreneurial mindset across generations.
Over the course of my friendship with Dr. Halcyon Lawrence, I would often spend weekday evenings completing a mundane chore like washing dishes or feeding the cat. I would then hear my phone's alert for an incoming text message: "I need company. Are you working tonight?" Within 30 minutes or so Halcyon and I were on Zoom, cameras off, and nothing displayed on screen but our login names. Other times I'd receive a text like "I need your advice. Do you have time?" and we convened over the phone. When we talked, answers to our mutual question "How was your day?" prompted stories, and those stories led to musings and reflections. When I became befuddled when an assignment would flop or disappointed by a flat discussion, Halcyon gently queried, "So what were you trying to do?" or "Why do you think that activity didn't go well?" Her responses always reoriented me. When venting was no longer productive, we teased apart the problem, speculating what skill or knowledge students needed but had not sufficiently developed. These conversations often gave me enthusiasm for a new pedagogical approach or revealed insights about the gaps in our teaching and our students' learning. In the months since Halcyon's passing, I miss most acutely these nightly conversations about what was happening in our classrooms. My goal in this essay is to underscore the fact that part of Halcyon's legacy as a social justice-oriented technical communication scholar is her ethos as a teacher and collaborator who cared capaciously about student learning and the development of teaching practices and assignments.
We measure sea‐level rise (SLR) risk using two indicators: SLR Impact (whether a census tract would be inundated under a 1‐ft SLR) and SLR Exposure (percentage of land inundated under a 1‐ft SLR). SLR‐impacted areas see 0.36%–1% lower mortgage approval rates, with a 10% increase in SLR Exposure reducing approvals by 14 basis points. These patterns reflect future SLR risk expectations rather than past flood or hurricane events. We also find higher denial rates in regions with stronger climate risk beliefs and greater SLR risk. Additionally, SLR‐related mortgage denials disproportionately affect minority groups.
Purpose of Review
This paper focuses on providing an overview of recent research relevant to the sustainable development of energy systems and the integration of renewable energy sources, with a particular emphasis on investment, operations of the energy system with renewable resources, and decarbonization tools. Recent works on renewable energy auctions, demand response, battery storage, and microgrids are surveyed in addition to relevant research on carbon pricing and carbon capture.
Recent Findings
Previous studies indicate the promise and importance of well-designed renewable energy auctions, and the growing role of demand response and battery storage in energy systems characterized by the increasing prevalence of renewable energy sources. Recent works on carbon pricing indicate the importance of social attitudes towards decarbonization policy.
Summary
The findings discussed herein indicate the continued importance of studying energy markets in light of the increasing penetration of renewable generation, sustainable development goals, and decarbonization. Improvements in demand response, battery storage, and microgrid architecture, as well as policies around carbon pricing and capture, indicate a growing role for research and policy design informing and supporting one another.
urrent understanding of the histology of the dermoskeleton of tetrapods comes fromfossilized and recent remains of skulls, osteoderms, carapace, plastron and other post-cranial material which were always investigated using linear cross polarized light (LCPL)microscopy. The pectoral girdle of vast majority of non-amniote tetrapods, includingtemnospondyls evolved large ventrally located dermal bones- the interclavicle anda pair of clavicles. Despite that, there is a lack of information about the bone tissuestructure from these postcranial dermal bones. This study used circular cross polar-ized light (CCPL) to investigate the bone tissue composition and structure from thepectoral dermoskeleton of Metoposaurus krasiejowensis, a Late Triassic temnospondylknown to have evolved massive pectoral dermal bones which could have played a rolein buoyancy control in these aquatic amphibians. This novel technique shines light intothe fine structure of interwoven structural fibers (ISF), a common matrix found in ossi-fied dermal tissues, is a mesh of loops and strands of collagen instead of a lattice pat-terned matrix as described previously by using LCPL in previous studies that dealt withossified elements of dermal origin. Our result of ISF is achieved by eliminating bonefiber extinction under CCPL visualization. This feature of CCPL also sheds light into thetransitional forms between interwoven and parallel-fibered matrices which was neverpreviously observed. This study shows that the historical understanding of histologyof bone tissue from skeletal dermal elements is limited not only due to lack of samplingbut also due to the limitations of mineralized tissue visualization with LCPL.
Few-shot object counting aims to count an object of an arbitrary category using only a few annotated exemplars, i.e., few-shot. Existing methods have shown promising results in few-shot counting by using the transformer model combined with convolutions. However, these methods’ approaches to extracting the query and exemplars features using the separated feature extractors, namely Vision Transformer (ViT) and Convolution Neural Network (CNN), respectively, can cause the inconsistency of latent spaces. To address this issue, in this work, we proposed the ViT-CNN architecture sharing feature extraction for query and exemplar extraction by adapting the ViT-Adapter model as the backbone. Our proposed architecture also takes advantage of multi-scale features and the exemplar iterative interaction to enhance the result. Furthermore, we proposed a Density Map Refinement Module to refine the predicted density map using the exemplar information. Extensive experiments on the FSC-147 and CARPK datasets show that our approach significantly outperforms previous state-of-the-art approaches (7.20% error reduction w.r.t. test MAE and 6.35% w.r.t. test RMSE).
The Pareto principle is based on the concept that roughly 80% of outcomes are generated by 20% of inputs, efforts, or contributors within a group. Using a national sample of U.S. prison inmates, we examined various percentile rankings of self‐reported institutional misconduct to determine how much disorder is created behind bars by the most prolific offenders. Findings revealed that, regardless of sex, the top 20% of inmates were responsible for approximately 90% of all rule violations and write‐ups received. These general patterns remained similar even after adjusting infractions for time served in prison. Further analyses indicated that membership within these high‐rate groups was often significantly predicted by those who were younger, black, had more extensive criminal histories, committed violent crimes, resided in state facilities, anticipated being released, used drugs prior to their arrest, were diagnosed with a personality disorder or ADHD, and exhibited worse negative affect. Some sex‐specific effects were also observed. The disproportionate impact these chronic offenders have on the prison environment is detrimental to all individuals who live and work around them. Future research should investigate specific types of misconduct, distinct time intervals of incarceration, and facility effects such as management style, security levels, or offender composition.
Over the course of my friendship with Dr. Halcyon Lawrence, I would often spend weekday evenings completing a mundane chore like washing dishes or feeding the cat. I would then hear my phone's alert for an incoming text message: "I need company. Are you working tonight?" Within 30 minutes or so Halcyon and I were on Zoom, cameras off, and nothing displayed on screen but our login names. Other times I'd receive a text like "I need your advice. Do you have time?" and we convened over the phone. When we talked, answers to our mutual question "How was your day?" prompted stories, and those stories led to musings and reflections. When I became befuddled when an assignment would flop or disappointed by a flat discussion, Halcyon gently queried, "So what were you trying to do?" or "Why do you think that activity didn't go well?" Her responses always reoriented me. When venting was no longer productive, we teased apart the problem, speculating what skill or knowledge students needed but had not sufficiently developed. These conversations often gave me enthusiasm for a new pedagogical approach or revealed insights about the gaps in our teaching and our students' learning. In the months since Halcyon's passing, I miss most acutely these nightly conversations about what was happening in our classrooms. My goal in this essay is to underscore the fact that part of Halcyon's legacy as a social justice-oriented technical communication scholar is her ethos as a teacher and collaborator who cared capaciously about student learning and the development of teaching practices and assignments.
Diversification of the Educator Workforce (DEW) is an urgent need requiring intervention to push against many deeply entrenched systemic barriers (Chapman, Anne. 2021. Opening doors: Strategies for advancing racial diversity in Wisconsin’s teacher workforce. Wisconsin Policy Forum . Available at: https://wispolicyforum.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/OpeningDoors_FullReport.pdf ; James, Weade & Jacqueline Rodriguez. 2020. The use of networked improvement communities in educator preparation programs to improve teacher shortage and diversity. Success in High-Need Schools Journal 16(1). 10–22). This collaborative autoethnographic case study (see e.g., Chang Heewon, Ngunjiri Faith & Hernandez Kathy-Ann. 2016. Collaborative autoethnography . New York: Routledge) illustrates how a group of individuals across institutions collaborated to dismantle barriers to students who are Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) entering the educator workforce. More specifically, this study reveals how members embodied a collaborative and non-competitive approach to overcoming systemic barriers that BIPOC teacher candidates experience. Through this collaborative approach, the unique contributions of members were evident, and tenets of critical consciousness and feminist theory supported the development of an integrated network of care (Reyes, Ganiva. 2021. Integrated networks of care: Supporting teachers who care for Latina mothering students. Critical Studies in Education 62(4). 471–485). This case study identifies positive impacts of communal support of DEW workers and illuminates invisibilized labor of professional stakeholders and BIPOC students.
Hospitals are searching for ways to improve supply chain efficiency. Drawing on the success of supply chain digitization in other industries, hospitals have increased their efforts to digitize supply chain operations via investments in IT to address pain points associated with supply disruptions and rising costs, including supply costs that account for more than 40% of operating expenses. Prior research fails to consider how IT investment decisions are justified concerning their impact on supply chain performance when the decision‐maker sits outside the supply chain function. We draw on the Practice‐Based Theory to explain how IT investment decision practices affect hospital supply chain efficiency (SCE). We use matched survey responses from hospital CIOs and IT managers and secondary data to examine the direct and indirect effects of various IT investment justification practices on SCE. We also investigate the role of moderated mediation effects. Leveraging PBT, we establish a different type of organizational practice in the supply chain management and logistics literature: IT investment justification practices. We extend the PBT and empirically challenge the implicit assumption that supply chain performance is not sensitive to IT investment decisions. Further, we demonstrate which IT investment justification practice is more beneficial to supply chain efficiency.
Parental experiences can alter offspring phenotypes via transgenerational plasticity (TGP), which may prime offspring to adaptively respond to novel stressors, including novel predators. However, we know little about the types of sensory cues (e.g. visual, olfactory) that parents use to recognize novel predators and the consequences for offspring. Individuals may respond to novel cues if they mimic historical cues or they may need multiple sensory cues to recognize and respond to novel stimuli. We exposed threespined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) males to a full factorial of visual and olfactory cues of a novel trout predator prior to fertilization and tested offspring for antipredator behaviour and survival against a live predator. Fathers exposed to visual cues oriented more to and spent time closer to the novel predator post-exposure on the first day. Paternal response to visual cues was echoed in their offspring: offspring of fathers exposed to visual cues were caught faster by a live predator, suggesting that multiple cues are not needed to induce a transgenerational effect. While visual cues elicited responses both within- and transgenerationally, they do not seem to result in adaptive priming in offspring, suggesting the possibility of maladaptive TGP in response to novel cues of predation risk.
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